Human development involves cognitive, emotional, physical, and social changes across the lifespan from infancy to old age. Physical development is rapid in infancy, with growth in height, weight, and brain size. In early childhood, physical growth slows and motor skills increase. During later childhood, the body continues to mature. Adolescence involves major biological and physical changes as children reach sexual maturity. In adulthood, physical abilities peak before gradual physical declines in old age such as thinning hair, declining immune function, and sensory losses.

2. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
• Definition: The development of human beings'
cognitive, emotional, physical and social
capabilities and functioning over the course of the
life span, from infancy through old age.

7. Human Growth and Development:
Aspect # 1.
Physical Development during Infancy:
Physical growth and development describe the
physical as well as psychomotor changes in an
individual. The physical development is very rapid at
this stage. At birth a baby is generally 18 to 20
inches long and seven pounds (3 kg) in weight.

9. • He grows about three times within a year.
• By the time he is two years of age he attains a
length of 33 inches and a weight of 25 pounds.
• At birth the brain is almost one fourth of its final
weight.

11. • The first nine months of a child are a period of rapid
growth.
• During the first two months a baby shows postural
changes. He sits at seven month.

12. • Creeps by ten months, stands alone at thirteen
months and walks by thirteen to fifteen months.
• This development follows a proximodistal
sequence. By six months milk teeth appear.

13. Early Childhood Stage:
• Early childhood stage covers from 2/3 years to 6/7
years.
• Rate of growth during this stage becomes slow in
comparison to infancy stage.
• At six, the child weights 36 to 42 pounds.

14. • Boys are found to be slightly taller than girls. Body
proportions change and head grows at a slower
rate.
• At six, it attains 90% of adult size. Hands and feet
grow bigger. Muscles grow larger and stronger.

15. • Hand-skills are established at this stage. Brushing
the hair, bathing and better toilet habits develop.
• The child can draw pictures . The child learns to
hop, skip, jump, run, climb and dance during this
stage.

16. LATER CHILDHOOD

17. Later Childhood Stage:
• The first signs of puberty typically begin to appear
in late childhood.
• The period during which people reach sexual
maturity and become capable of reproduction.
• In girls, puberty can begin between the ages of 8
and 13, while it usually begins around age 10 in
boys.

19. • The child at 12 years is nearly 55 inches in height.
Boys are slightly taller than girls. Sex differences
begin to appear at this stage.

20. •The child gains full control over the movement of his
limbs.
•During later childhood period (9 years to 12 years of
age) physical growth is initially slow.
•Arms and legs grow faster than the trunk and the
child appears tall and thin.

21. • He/she loses his/her milk teeth and permanent
teeth begin to appear.
• The sense organ, muscles and brain are more or
less mature.
• The overall appearance of the child changes during
this stage.

23. ADOLESCENCE STAGE

24. Adolescence Stage:
• A.t. Jersild defines adolescence as TRANSITIONAL
PERIOD “the span of years during which the boys
and girls move from childhood to adulthood.” All
types of changes like biological(the
progressive changes in size, shape, and function ),
physical, social (behavior patterns and cultural
values and norms), intellectual, moral etc. take
place during the adolescence stage.

26. • At the early adolescent years, most children
experience the adolescent growth spurt, a rapid
increase in height and weight, usually, this spurt
occurs in girls within two years and during this time
girls gain 6 to 7 inches and boys 8 to 9 inches in
height .By the age of seventeen in girls and eighteen
in boys, the majority of them have reached 98
percent of their final height.

27. • Sex differences become apparent during this stage.
Sex glands start secreting for the first time and this
is responsible for the growth of boys into manhood
and of girls into womanhood.
• Certain bodily appearances make both boys and
girls bodily conscious. Sexual development is the
most remarkable features of adolescence.
• The voice of boys becomes rough and that of girls
becomes sweet.

32. ADULTHOOD:
• Adults experiences age-related changes based on
many factors.
• By the time ,we reach early adulthood ,our physical
maturation is complete, although weight increase
slightly.
• In early adulthood, our physical abilities are at their
peak including muscle strength , cardiac
functioning.

33. • Changes in vision occurs.
• Hair can start to thin and become gray around the
age of 35
• Skin becomes drier and wrinkles start to appear by
the end of adulthood.
• The immune system becomes less adept at fighting
of illness, and reproductive capacity starts to
decline.
•

34. OLD AGE:
•
• Hearing problems
• Age spots and blood vessels become more apparent
as the skin continues to dry and get thinner.
• Women experiences gradual decline in fertility as
they approach the onset of menopauses(the end of
menstrual cycle) around 50 years old.
•