The document discusses two chains of the relationship between economic growth and human development. Chain A is where economic growth leads to improved human development through increased public expenditures on health and education. Chain B is where improved human development, such as better education levels, leads to higher economic growth through increased productivity. Empirical evidence supports the existence of both chains. Countries' development can be classified into four categories based on the strength of this relationship: virtuous, vicious, human development-lopsided, or economic growth-lopsided.