The document discusses primary health care, its origins, principles, and implementation. It defines primary health care as the first level of contact with individuals and families through participation at an affordable cost. The key principles of primary health care are equitable distribution, community participation, intersectoral coordination, appropriate technology, and prevention. Primary health care aims to provide universally accessible essential health services and promote health through these principles.
A very important aspect in determining and studying disease is the knowledge of surveys. Its designs, methods etc. This elaborative presentation gives a detailed insight to the survey procedures used in dentistry. Special section on the WHO oral assessment proforma.
Fixed partial dentures transmit forces through the abutments to the periodontium. Failures are due to poor engineering, the use of improper materials, inadequate tooth preparation, and faulty fabrication. Of particular concern to prosthodontist is the selection of teeth for abutments. They must recognize the forces developed by the oral mechanism, and resistance.
Successful selection of abutments for fixed partial dentures requires sensitive diagnostic ability. Thorough knowledge of anatomy, ceramics, the chemistry and physics of dental materials, metallurgy, Periodontics, phonetics, physiology, radiology and the mechanics of oral function is fundamental.
CPITN INDEX (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs)Jeban Sahu
Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIMS, BBSR-24
INTRODUCTION
CPITN was introduced by JUKKA AINAMO , DAVID BARMES , GORGE BEAGRIE , TERRY CUTRESS , JEAN MARTIN and JENNIFER SARDO-INFIRRI for Joint working committee of the WHO and FDI in 1982 .
Developed primarily to survey and evaluate periodontal treatment needs rather than determining past and present periodontal status i.e. recession of the gingival margin and alveolar bone .
SCOPE AND PURPOSE
PROCEDURE
SEXTANT
INDEX TEETH
INSTRUMENTS USED
CPITN PROBE
Introduced by WHO in 1978.
Weight: 5gms
Working force: 20-25 gms.
Designed for 2 purposes :
1. Measurement of pocket depth
2. Detection of Sub-gingival calculus
PROBING PROCEDURE
EXAMINATION PROCEDURE
CALCULATION OF CPITN
COMMUNITY PERIODONTAL INDEX (CPI)
This index is modification of CPITN.
SUMMARY
CPITN is a screening procedure for identifying actual and potential problems posed by periodontal diseases both in the community and in the individual, introduced in 1982.
The CPITN records the common treatable conditions namely,
- periodontal pockets
- gingival inflammation
- dental calculus
- other plaque retentive factors
CPITN PROBE (introduced by WHO in 1978) is used to measure of pocket depth & detect sub-gingival calculus.
COMMUNITY PERIODONTAL INDEX (CPI) is the modification of CPITN which includes measurement of “loss of attachment”
This presentation specifically deals with the maxillary and mandibular Major connectors used in a cast partial denture. it also mentions the uses, advantages and disadvantages of each,
self correcting anomalies in the development of occlusion. this ppt includes the anomalies of a child's developing occlusion which get corrected by itself in some time as the development continues. This includes Retrognathic mandible,infantile swallow,anterior open and deep bite,etc. these topics are important in BDS final examination
A very important aspect in determining and studying disease is the knowledge of surveys. Its designs, methods etc. This elaborative presentation gives a detailed insight to the survey procedures used in dentistry. Special section on the WHO oral assessment proforma.
Fixed partial dentures transmit forces through the abutments to the periodontium. Failures are due to poor engineering, the use of improper materials, inadequate tooth preparation, and faulty fabrication. Of particular concern to prosthodontist is the selection of teeth for abutments. They must recognize the forces developed by the oral mechanism, and resistance.
Successful selection of abutments for fixed partial dentures requires sensitive diagnostic ability. Thorough knowledge of anatomy, ceramics, the chemistry and physics of dental materials, metallurgy, Periodontics, phonetics, physiology, radiology and the mechanics of oral function is fundamental.
CPITN INDEX (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs)Jeban Sahu
Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIMS, BBSR-24
INTRODUCTION
CPITN was introduced by JUKKA AINAMO , DAVID BARMES , GORGE BEAGRIE , TERRY CUTRESS , JEAN MARTIN and JENNIFER SARDO-INFIRRI for Joint working committee of the WHO and FDI in 1982 .
Developed primarily to survey and evaluate periodontal treatment needs rather than determining past and present periodontal status i.e. recession of the gingival margin and alveolar bone .
SCOPE AND PURPOSE
PROCEDURE
SEXTANT
INDEX TEETH
INSTRUMENTS USED
CPITN PROBE
Introduced by WHO in 1978.
Weight: 5gms
Working force: 20-25 gms.
Designed for 2 purposes :
1. Measurement of pocket depth
2. Detection of Sub-gingival calculus
PROBING PROCEDURE
EXAMINATION PROCEDURE
CALCULATION OF CPITN
COMMUNITY PERIODONTAL INDEX (CPI)
This index is modification of CPITN.
SUMMARY
CPITN is a screening procedure for identifying actual and potential problems posed by periodontal diseases both in the community and in the individual, introduced in 1982.
The CPITN records the common treatable conditions namely,
- periodontal pockets
- gingival inflammation
- dental calculus
- other plaque retentive factors
CPITN PROBE (introduced by WHO in 1978) is used to measure of pocket depth & detect sub-gingival calculus.
COMMUNITY PERIODONTAL INDEX (CPI) is the modification of CPITN which includes measurement of “loss of attachment”
This presentation specifically deals with the maxillary and mandibular Major connectors used in a cast partial denture. it also mentions the uses, advantages and disadvantages of each,
self correcting anomalies in the development of occlusion. this ppt includes the anomalies of a child's developing occlusion which get corrected by itself in some time as the development continues. This includes Retrognathic mandible,infantile swallow,anterior open and deep bite,etc. these topics are important in BDS final examination
The existing gross inequalities in the health status of people, particularly between developed and developing countries as well as within countries are of common concern to all countries. Hence, the need for the Alma- Ata declarations which states that health is a basic human right, and that governments should be responsible to assure that right for their citizens and to develop appropriate strategies to fulfill this promise.
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Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
3. INDEX
Health care
Levels of health care
Origin of concept
Primary health care
Elements of primary health care
Pillars of primary health care
Principles of primary health care
Equitable distribution
Community participation
Intersectoral coordination
Appropriate technology
Focus on prevention
Conclusion
4. HEALTH CARE
Health care is the diagnosis,
treatment, and prevention
of disease, illness, injury,
and other physical and
mental impairments in
humans.
5. LEVELS OF HEALTH CARE
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
The “first” level of contact between the individual and
the health system.
The closest to the people.
Provided by the primary health centers.
6. SECONDARY HEALTH CARE
More complex problems are dealt with.
Comprises curative services.
Provided by the district hospitals.
The 1st referral level.
TERTIARY HEALTH CARE
Offers super-specialist care.
Provided by regional/central level institution.
Provide training programs.
7. ORIGIN OF CONCEPT
• Primary health care (PHC) became a
core policy following a joint WHO-
UNICEF conference in Alma-Ata on
12 September 1978.
• The Alma-Ata declaration called for
acceptence of the WHO goal of
‘health-for-all by the year 2000’.
Reference: www.cna-aiic.com
8. The commitment to global improvements in
health, was renewed in 1998 by the world health
assembly. This led to the ‘health-for-all for the
twenty-first century’ policy and program, within
which the commitment to PHC development is
restated.
9. THE SERVICES PROVIDED ARE:
Simple and efficient with regard to cost,
techniques and organization.
Readily accessible to those concerned and
contributed to improving the living condition of
individuals, families and community as a whole.
Reference: Essentials of preventive and community dentistry by Soben Peter
10. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
Primary health care is
“Essential health care based on practical,
scientifically sound and socially acceptable
methods and technology made universally
accessible to individuals and families in the
community through their full participation and at
a cost that community and the country can afford
to maintain at every stage of their development in
the spirit of self-reliance and self-determination”.
(Alma-Ata, 1978)
Reference: www.who.int
14. FOUR CORNERSTONES/PILLARS
OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
ACTIVE COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
INTRA AND INTER SECTORAL LINKAGES
USE OF APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
SUPPORT MECHANISM MADE AVAILABLE
Reference: www.who.int
15. PRINCIPLES OF PRIMARY
HEALTH CARE
EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
INTERSECTORAL COORDINATION
APROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
FOCUS ON PREVENTION
Reference: Essentials of preventive and community dentistry by Soben Peter
16. EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION
Healthcare services must be equally shared by all
the people of the community irrespective of their
race, creed or economic status. This concept helps
to shift the centre of gravity of healthcare from the
cities to the rural areas where the most needy and
vulnerable groups of the population live.
Reference: Essentials of preventive and community dentistry by Soben Peter
17. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
In order to make the
fullest use of local,
national and other
available resources
Community
participation was
considered sustainable
due to its grass roots
nature and emphasis
on self-sufficiency.
Reference: Essentials of preventive and community dentistry by Soben Peter
18. INTERSECTORAL COORDINATION
Agriculture
Education
Communication
Housing
Public works
Industry
Community organizations.
Reference: Essentials of preventive and community dentistry by Soben Peter
19. APROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
Scientifically sound
Effective
Acceptable
In keeping with local
culture
Capable of further
development
Simple to design, use and
understand
Reference: Essentials of preventive and community dentistry by Soben Peter
20. FOCUS ON PREVENTION
Promote health and healthy
lifestyles with emphasis on
prevention.
Reference: Essentials of preventive and community dentistry by Soben Peter
21. Presently there are 23,109 PHCs in India.
1156 of them are in Madhya Pradesh
Out of which 10 comes under Bhopal district.
22. CONCLUSION
Health care is a basic human right.
Government and non-government agencies
should examine policies in relation to education,
clinical practice, research and administration.
Useful for the entire population and not just a
priviledged few.
