The document discusses several primary models of communication: 1) The Linear Model proposed by Aristotle which views communication as one-way from the speaker to the passive audience. 2) The Transactional Model which sees communication as circular with feedback between parties. 3) The Interactional Model which focuses on the interactions between parties in a communication exchange. It then provides more details on Aristotle's model and its elements, as well as other influential models like the Lasswell model, Shannon and Weaver's mathematical model, and Osgood and Schramm's circular model which introduced concepts like feedback and noise.

1. PRIMARY MODELS OF
COMMUNICATION
Dr. J. JANARDHAN, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, JGI

2. MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
Comm. models are systematic representations
Models help in understanding how works can be done
Models shows the process metaphorically and in symbols
It can encourage traditional thinking and stereotyping
But, can also omit some major aspects of human
communication

3. TYPES OF MODELS COMMUNICATION
There are three general types of communication models
Linear Model
Transactional Model
Interactional Model

4. LINEAR MODEL

5. TRANSACTIONAL MODEL

6. INTERACTIONAL MODEL

7. ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

8. ARISTOTLE MODEL
Aristotle (384-322 B.C) was a Greek philosopher and Writer
He developed a linear model of communication for oral
communication
This is considered as the first model of communication
Proposed before 300 B.C.
It is also the is most widely accepted among all
communication models.

9. ARISTOTLE MODEL
Aristotle Model is mainly focused on speaker and speech.
It can be broadly divided into 5 primary elements:
Speaker, Speech, Occasion, Audience and Effect.

10. ARISTOTLE MODEL
It is a speaker centered model
Speaker has the most important role in the process of comm.
The role of the audience is passive, influenced by the speech.
This makes the communication process one way
The speaker must organize the speech beforehand, according to
the target audience and situation (occasion)

11. CRITISISM OF ARISTOTLE MODEL
There is no concept of feedback
it is one way from speaker to audience
There is no concept of communication failure like noise and
barriers.
This model can only be used in public speaking

12. LASSWELL MODEL
Western models are having origin in Aristotle’s Rhetoric
Its made up of three elements
The Speaker
The speech
The listener
Search of all the possible means of persuasion

13. LASSWELL MODEL
In 1948, Harold D. Lasswell describes an act of communication
is to answer to
Who
Says what
In which Channel
To whom
With what effect?

14. LASSWELL MODEL

15. FUNCTIONS
Communication performs three functions.
i. Surveillance of the environment
ii. Correlation of components of society
iii. Cultural transmission b/w generations

16. PRIMARY GOAL
The message flows in a multicultural society with multiple
audiences.
The notion of transmission and transfer of information for
intended effects
The primary goal is influence through persuasion

17. ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
Its easy and simple
It suits for almost all types of communication
The concept of effect
DISADVANTAGES
No scope for feedback
It doesn’t talk about noise
Linear model only

18. UNDERSTANDING OF COMM.
We can’t measure by source- Berlo (1960)

19. SPECIAL SKILLS

20. SPECIAL SKILLS
We can communicate only to the extent that the social system
allows.

21. SPECIAL SKILLS
When the code is proper, the message will be clear

22. SPECIAL SKILLS
Comm. takes place by any of the five senses or combination.

23. SPECIAL SKILLS
The receiver needs to have all the skills like the source

24. EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
The source and the receiver needs to be in the same level
The source should consider the receiver

25. CRITICISM
No feedback
Does not mention barriers to communication
It doesn’t mention the noise
Complex model
It is a linear model of communication
Needs people to be on same level
But not possible in real life
It omits the sixth sense (thinking, understanding, analyzing etc).

26. SHANNON & WEAVERS’
MATHEMATICAL MODEL

27. MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF COMM.
Shannon theory talks about ‘Signal transmission’
He introduced Qualitative & Quantitative model
Its develop the effective comm. b/w sender and receiver
It also developed to improve the ‘technical comm.’
The model talks about ‘Noise’

28. MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF COMM.
Shannon developed model to separate noise from the
transmitter
Shannon focused on engineering aspects
Weaver added the ‘Philosophical aspects’
Weaver widely applied Shannon’s model to the human
communication

29. MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF COMM.
This model deals with various elements like
Information Source
Transmitter
Channel
Receiver
Destination and Noise

30. ADVANCES & DIS-ADVANCES
Simplest model
It attracts both academicians & information theorists
It is a sender and receiver based model
More effective in ‘Person-to-Person’ communication
Understanding ‘Noise’ will help to solve the problems

31. LEVEL OF NOISE
Noise finds in three level
i. Technical problem- Simple to understand
ii. Semantic problem- Hard to solve
iii. Effective problem- As manipulation or
Propaganda
The three levels are interrelated and interdependent
The source is seen as the decision maker

32. OSGOOD-WILBUR SCHRAMM MODEL
Charles E. OSGOOD (1954) Sharing of information, ideas or
attitudes -Wilbur Schramm
Communication requires at least three elements
Source
Message
Destination

33. OSGOOD-WILBUR SCHRAMM MODEL
It is a circular model
Communication ends where it started off

34. WILBUR SCHRAMM MODEL
It breaks the sender and receiver model
It can happen within our self or two people
Each person acts as both sender and receiver
Semantic noise is introduced in the model
It occurs when sender and receiver apply different meaning to
the same message

35. WILBUR SCHRAMM MODEL-Advn
It’s a dynamic model
It shows why redundancy is an essential part
There is no separate sender and receiver
Communication will be circular in nature
Feedback-Central feature

36. THANK YOU