The relevance of models in communication researchKenneth James
Model is a very important tool in any communication research. It gives a simple description of a system or structure that is used to help people understand similar systems or structure. It becomes imperative that researchers be well guided on which model they used for a particular research. This paper therefore examines relevance of communication models. The paper considers models as tool to reduce stress that is often encountered by researchers in their research work. Researchers should therefore, use appropriate communication models when explaining phenomena.
This learning resource on Various Communication Models will introduce to Liner, Transactional, Interactional and other model and their respective sub-models.
The relevance of models in communication researchKenneth James
Model is a very important tool in any communication research. It gives a simple description of a system or structure that is used to help people understand similar systems or structure. It becomes imperative that researchers be well guided on which model they used for a particular research. This paper therefore examines relevance of communication models. The paper considers models as tool to reduce stress that is often encountered by researchers in their research work. Researchers should therefore, use appropriate communication models when explaining phenomena.
This learning resource on Various Communication Models will introduce to Liner, Transactional, Interactional and other model and their respective sub-models.
Lasswell's communication model was developed by communication theorist Harold D. Lasswell (1902-1978) in 1948. Lasswell’s model of communication (also known as action model or linear model or one way model of communication) is regarded as one the most influential communication models.
Lasswell's communication model was developed by communication theorist Harold D. Lasswell (1902-1978) in 1948. Lasswell’s model of communication (also known as action model or linear model or one way model of communication) is regarded as one the most influential communication models.
Group Name :
Indri Mahrani puspamauluddianti@yahoo.com
Puspa Maulud Dianti indrimahrani999@gmail.com
Restu Imbang Pribadi Pribadirestu74@gmail.com
Nursing academy of east kotawaringin
www.akperkotim.ac.id/web/
Resume
Abid Zafar
PERSONAL DETAILS
DOB June 04, 1989
Email aabidzafarwarraich@gmail.com
Phone 0322 570 66 59
Address Chandni Chowk, Jalal Pur Jattan, Gujrat, Pakistan.
PROFILE
An enthusiastic individual I approach tasks with results in mind. I am well organized and I can work well as part of a team or on my own. I like completing things on time, and making sure that I keep learning how to do things well and quickly.
EDUCATION
M. Phil Media & Communication Studies Continues… (2014-2016)
International Islamic University Islamabad
MA Mass Communication & Media CGPA: 3.90/4.00 (2013)
University of Gujrat
Published Dissertation: “Comparative Analysis of Political Parties’ News and Advertisements Coverage of National Urdu Dailies Regarding Election 2013” ISBN 978-3-659-52287-1
B.ED Division 1st (2013-2014)
Alama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad
BA Political Science Division: 2nd (2011)
University of Gujrat
Diploma of Associate Engineering Division: 1st (2008)
(3-Year Diploma: Mechanical), Government Institute of Technology, Gujranwala.
Matriculation (Science) Division: 1st (2005)
Government Islamia High School, Jalal Pur Jattan, Gujrat
WORK EXPERIENCE
Worked as Reporter and Sub-editor in Online International Network from July 1, 2012 to August 31, 2012 Worked as Producer, Host and Reporter at FM- 106.6 from 21th November, 2012 to 25th May, 2013 I have great approach at Online Journalism, attended many seminars I have great experience of producing audio and video documentaries, news bulletins, features, Reports in two years Masters Degree Vast experience of writing, editing News stories, Columns, Features, Investigative reports I have great experience of Social Science Research where I got A+ in Final Thesis Regular Blogger
KEY STRENGTHS & SKILLS
I have great approach of Qualitative and Qualitative Research Methods I have great skills of writing Thesis and Research Papers I have great skills of Investigative Reporting I have skills about reporting and sub-editing in English journalism where I have reported number of seminars, National and International politicians, personalities and celebrities I have great skills of script writing, News stories, Investigative Reports, Online Journalism, Feature & columns writing I have multidimensional skills in the field of Mass Communication & Media where I got 3.90 CGPA out of 4.00, which presents my passions in this field Regular Bloggers I have great leadership abilities where I represent my class in two years Masters Degree President of Readers Club, which was about to improve reading and writing habits, conducted many seminar under my presidency
I am a great communicator, host many seminars, workshops and functions at university level I have great teaching skills where my teachers suggest me to join teaching as a profession I am a g
Objective This activity is designed to help you understand th.docxmccormicknadine86
Objective:
This activity is designed to help you understand the process of communication that you will be exploring in your final project.
Background:
Please begin this exercise by reading the following information carefully.
Although the study of effective communication practices dates back to such ancient scholars as Aristotle and Cicero, communication as a separate field of study is relatively modern, propelled in part by interest in twentieth-century advances in electronic communications. Scholars look at particular combinations of people communicating with each other in specific contexts. Our readings this week in the
Encyclopedia of Communication Theory
tell us the resulting theories can be categorized according to
communication
context
:
intrapersonal communication focuses largely on our cognitive abilities;
interpersonal communication addresses the communication between dyads and triads (two-three people);
group communication deals with small group interactions;
organizational communication addresses communication across organizations;
public/rhetorical communication examines face-to-face communication to a large group of listeners;
mass/mediated communication encompasses messages produced for mass or mediated audiences; and
intercultural communication looks at communication among people of different cultures.
Some researchers also specialize in gender communication, which focuses on communication issues of women and between the sexes, health communication, and computer-mediated communication.
Whatever the context, most scholars agree there are
five facets
to
communication
that come together to define it as a
social
process
in which individuals employ
symbols
to establish and interpret
meaning
in their
environment.
Let's see if we can collaborate on enhancing our understanding of these terms!
Activity:
Select and respond to
of the following questions:
1. Communication is
social
in that it involves people and interactions, whether face-to-face or mediated. Can you think of a few more categories for the social patterns of human communication?
2. Communication uses
symbols
, arbitrary labels or representations of phenomena that are sometimes
concrete
in that they represent an actual object, and sometimes
abstract
because they can represent ideas and thoughts. Explain a time when you did not understand a "symbol" -- what was it, and how did you realize you did not understand what was being communicated?
3. Communication is a
process
that is an ongoing, dynamic, and unending occurrence. It also is complex and continually changing. If it were not dynamic, compromise and resolution would not be possible. Communication also is irretrievable, irreversible, and unrepeatable; as such, each communication "episode" is unique. Describe a communication interaction – perhaps one you have had -- that exemplifies how people can end up in a very different place once a discussion gets underway..
Communication is a two way process where speaker and listener participate using different techniques and methods like sounds, gesture, symbol, sign language etc.
Designed for 2nd year college students at ISEG school in Lyon, France, this course ( about 2 hours when delivered with examples) is a summary of major communication theories
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
1. MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
MODEL ARE ATTEMPTS TO REPRESENT WHAT SOMETHING IS AND HOW IT WORKS.
Aristotle(384-322 B.C) was a Greek philosopher and writer born in Stagira, Northern Greece. He was also the teacher of Alexander the Great. He studied
physics, logic, mathematiccs, etc.
While exploring the human nature scientifically, Aristotle developed a linear model of communication for oral communication known as Aristotle’s Model of
Communication. This is considered as the first model of communication and was proposed before 300 B.C. It is also the is most widely accepted among all
communication models.
2. Critical thinking : what do you think are
the strength and limitations of these
communication processes?
Aristotle Model is mainly focused on speaker and speech. It can be broadly divided into
5 primary elements:Speaker, Speech, Occasion, Audience and Effect.
The speaker must organize the speech beforehand, according to the target audience and
situation (occasion). The speech must be prepared so that the audience be persuaded or
influenced from the speech.
This model was highly used to develop public speaking skills and create a propaganda at
that time so, it is less focused on intrapersonal or interpersonal communication.
Even if the model is speaker oriented and focuses on audience interaction in
communication, there is no concept of feedbacks.
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
MODEL ARE ATTEMPTS TO REPRESENT WHAT SOMETHING IS AND HOW IT WORKS.
3. Critical Elements of a Good Communicator
Aristotle has given 3 elements that must be present in a good communicator or public speaker.
These elements are related to each other and they reinforce the other elements.
ETHOS PATHOS LOGOS
the characteristic which
makes you credible in front
of the audience. If there is no
credibility, the audience will
not believe in you and will
not be persuaded by you.
Expertise and positions also
give credibility to a person.
If what you say matters to
them and they can connect
with it, then they will be
more interested and they will
think you are more credible.
Emotional bonds will make
the audience captivated and
they feel the speaker is one
of their own people.
Logos is logic. People believe
in you only if they
understand what you are
trying to say. People find
logic in everything. If there
is no logic behind the
speaker’s work or time, they
do not want to get involved.
Everybody has a sense of
reason. You must present
facts to the audience for
them to believe in you.
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
MODEL ARE ATTEMPTS TO REPRESENT WHAT SOMETHING IS AND HOW IT WORKS.
4. Linear model developed by Harold Laswell in 1948.
According to Laswell model , communication is lienar , or one- way , process in which one person acts on another person.
WHO?
SAYS WHAT?
IN WHAT
CHANNEL?
TO WHOM?
WITH WHAT
EFFECT?
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
MODEL ARE ATTEMPTS TO REPRESENT WHAT SOMETHING IS AND HOW IT WORKS.
5. In 1949, Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver revised Laswell models of
communication process. These two men, developed a model that described what
happens when people communicate.
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
MODEL ARE ATTEMPTS TO REPRESENT WHAT SOMETHING IS AND HOW IT WORKS.
In their model, noise is added.
Noise is anything that causes a lost of information
as it flows from source to destination.
6. Encoder: This is the was the message is changed
into signals, for example sound waves. This is done
by the sender when transmitting the message. It can
also be, for example, the language used when
speaking, or the grammar used when writing. In
this case, since the model was made up for technical
communication, and example of encoding could be
when the voice over the telephone gets coded into
wave and transmitted through cables
(CommunicationTheory.org, 2010).
Decoder: Decoding is done by the receiver when he
gets the message. He has to decode the message that
was coded by the receiver in order to be able to
understand it.
7. Critical thinking : what do you think are
the strength and limitations of these
communication processes?
They portray communication as flowing in
only one direction – from sender to
receiver.
They suggest that listeners passively
absord senders’ messages and do not
respond.
They represent communication as a
sequential set of actions in which one step
(listening) follows an earlier step (
talking) .
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
MODEL ARE ATTEMPTS TO REPRESENT WHAT SOMETHING IS AND HOW IT WORKS.
8. Interactive models, in 1955 Wilbur Schram depicted Feedback as a second kind of message in communication process. In addition Schramm pointed out that communication
create and interpret messages within Fields of experience. Adding field of experience and feedback allowed him to develop a model that portrays communication as an interactive
process in which both sender and receivers participate actively.
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
MODEL ARE ATTEMPTS TO REPRESENT WHAT SOMETHING IS AND HOW IT WORKS.
9. Critical thinking : what do you think are
the strength and limitations of these
communication processes?
Awarness that listeners respond to a speaker led to
interactive models, which portray communication as a
process in which listeners are involved in sending messages
back to speakers.
Feedback is a key feature of this models.
Feddback may be verbal, non verbal or both and it may be
Intentional or unintentional.
Although this model are an improvement over linear ones,
they don’t fully capture the dynamism of human
communication.
A serious limitation of interactive models is that they
portray communication as a sequential, linear process.
One person communicates to another who then sends
feedbacks to thr first person. This doesn’t recognize that
people may communicate simultaneously, instead of taking
turns.
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
MODEL ARE ATTEMPTS TO REPRESENT WHAT SOMETHING IS AND HOW IT WORKS.
10. Transaction models. To overcome the weakness of interactive models, we need a model that emphasizes the dynamism of interpersonal communication and the multiple roles
people assume during the process. An accurate model would include the factor of time and would depict others aspect of communication such as messages, noise, and fields of
experience as varying over time , rather than constant.
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
MODEL ARE ATTEMPTS TO REPRESENT WHAT SOMETHING IS AND HOW IT WORKS.
11. Critical thinking : what do you think are
the strength and limitations of these
communication processes?
The transactional model recognizes that noise always
present in interpersonal communication.
The outer lines in the transactional model emphasize that
communication occurs within system that affect what and
how people communicate and what meanings are created.
This model , unlike the previous ones, portray each person
Field of experience and the shared field of experience
between communicators as changing over time. As we
encounter new people and have new experiences that
broaden us personally, we change how we interact with
others.
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
MODEL ARE ATTEMPTS TO REPRESENT WHAT SOMETHING IS AND HOW IT WORKS.