The document discusses three models of communication: 1) The Continuous Loop Model is the earliest and simplest model, showing the basic parts of the communication process including sender, message, channels, receiver, and feedback. However, it assumes continuous communication. 2) The Shannon and Weaver Model was developed in 1949 based on a study of telephone conversations. It includes a sender, transmitter, receiver, noise, and how noise can alter the message. 3) Berlo's model was intended to be all-inclusive but was never tested. It is therefore considered a theory rather than a true model, showing elements like content, code, and characteristics of both the sender and receiver.

1. Communication Models Unit 2: Listening & Comm. English 9 Mr. Hill

2. Introduction Communication, like most anything else, can be studied in order to find out exactly how it works. This can be done in real life situations or it can be done on a more “academic” level. This presentation will show you the three most recognized and accepted models of communication and how they work.

3. MODEL #1: CONTINUOUS LOOP MODEL This is the EARLIEST model of communication that has been presented and accepted by others who study the field. It is also the SIMPLEST model (though it might not look like it at first). It includes all of the basic parts/players in the communication process. There are still a few problems, though!

4. Continuous Loop Model

5. Continuous Loop Model CONTENT

6. Continuous Loop Model M MESSAGE CONTENT

7. Continuous Loop Model M Channels MESSAGE CONTENT

8. Continuous Loop Model S M Channels SENDER MESSAGE CONTENT

9. Continuous Loop Model S M Info Source Channels SENDER MESSAGE CONTENT

10. Continuous Loop Model S M R Info Source Channels SENDER MESSAGE RECEIVER CONTENT

11. Continuous Loop Model S M R Info Source Channels Break = diff. Message received = confusion SENDER MESSAGE RECEIVER CONTENT

12. Continuous Loop Model S M R F Info Source Channels Break = diff. Message received = confusion SENDER MESSAGE RECEIVER FEEDBACK CONTENT

13. Continuous Loop Model S M R F Info Source Channels Break = diff. Message received = confusion SENDER MESSAGE RECEIVER FEEDBACK Break = diff info sent to Sender = improper reactions CONTENT

14. CONTINUOUS LOOP This model is based upon the concept that language is a system or a machine. In this machine, communication acts as the “gears” for the machine to work properly. Any breakdowns hurt efficiency!

15. CONTINUOUS LOOP While this is the EARLIEST model of communication, it is not known who the developer or the creator of the model was. The only thing we know for sure is that it was most-likely developed in the 1920s or 1930s.

16. CONTINUOUS LOOP One of the flaws of the model is that it assumes “continuous” communication. There are times when we choose to stop communicating. In other words, this is good on paper, but it does not fit all situations.

17. MODEL #2: SHANNON & WEAVER This model was created in 1949. It is not certain if this pair of researchers had seen the “Continuous Loop” model, but they were probably at least familiar with it. This model was designed to be practical!

18. MODEL #2: SHANNON & WEAVER Just as the “Loop” model was more “academic,” the Shannon & Weaver Model is more “down-to-earth.” The basis for this model was a study of telephone conversations over a very lengthy 2-year time.

19. MODEL #2: SHANNON & WEAVER The team studied only what they deemed to be “important” or “significant” calls of some length. Quick calls to a neighbor or a store were not considered for the study. The focus was on the “mechanics” of the messages.

20. Shannon and Weaver Model T Transmitter = Phone

21. Shannon and Weaver Model T R Transmitter = Phone Receiver = Phone

22. Shannon and Weaver Model S T R Transmitter = Phone Receiver = Phone Sender = Info Source

23. Shannon and Weaver Model S T R R Sender = Info Source Transmitter = Phone Receiver = Phone

24. Shannon and Weaver Model S T R R N Sender = Info Source Transmitter = Phone Receiver = Phone NOISE

25. Shannon and Weaver Model S T R R N Sender = Info Source Transmitter = Phone Receiver = Phone NOISE Static or Connection

26. Shannon and Weaver Model S T R R N Sender = Info Source Transmitter = Phone Receiver = Phone NOISE Static or Connection Mental or Electronic

27. Shannon and Weaver Model S T R R N ? Sender = Info Source Transmitter = Phone Receiver = Phone NOISE Static or Connection Mental or Electronic

28. Shannon and Weaver Model S T R R N ? Sender = Info Source Transmitter = Phone Receiver = Phone Altered Message = Confusion NOISE Static or Connection Mental or Electronic

29. MODEL #3: BERLO’S “MODEL” This is the MOST RECENT model of communication study. An exact date is not given for the study, but it is believed to have been completed in the late 1970s or the early 1980s. This one is not designed to be “academic” or “practical.” It is designed to be “ALL-INCLUSIVE”

30. MODEL #3: BERLO’S “MODEL” Even with all of the good things that this “model” illustrates and tries to describe, there is still one little issue to remember…

31. MODEL #3: BERLO’S “MODEL” IT’S NOT REALLY EVEN A TRUE MODEL IN THE FIRST PLACE!

32. MODEL #3: BERLO’S “MODEL” It is NOT a model because it was never actually tested. Berlo designed what he thought would be the ideal system to describe communication, but never had a chance to put it to the test in real life.

33. MODEL #3: BERLO’S “MODEL” Since it was never “field-tested,” the “model” that Berlo developed has to take on a new title…

34. MODEL #3: BERLO’S “MODEL” IT HAS TO BE CALLED A “THEORY”

35. Berlo’s Listening Theory

36. Berlo’s Listening Theory CONTENT

37. Berlo’s Listening Theory CONTENT CODE

38. Berlo’s Listening Theory CONTENT CODE Sender: Emotions Knowledge Background Biases Ability

39. Berlo’s Listening Theory CONTENT CODE Sender: Emotions Knowledge Background Biases Ability Receiver: Emotions Knowledge Background Biases Ability