This document discusses project management techniques for managing the triple constraints of scope, time, and cost on projects. It defines key terms for scope, time, and cost management and describes tools and techniques for planning, controlling, and completing each area successfully. These include work breakdown structures, Gantt charts, estimating techniques like analogous and parametric estimating, variance analysis, and change control systems. The goal is to incorporate these techniques to deliver projects on budget, on schedule, and according to defined objectives and requirements.

1. Project Scope Management
Project Cost Management
Project Time Management
Name & section:
Ishaq Ali bba 8th
sec A
5/1/2014 1
Project Planning: Managing the
Triple Constraints
Quality
ResourcesShedule

2. 2
Session Focus
• Summary of Scope, Time & Cost
• Review of project management terms & techniques
for controlling Scope, Time & Cost
• Tools you can use to manage Scope, Time & Cost
• Hands on introduction to the tools

3. 3
The Project Management Knowledge Areas
• 1. Project Integration
• 2. Scope Management
• 3. Time Management
• 4. Cost Management
• 5. Quality Management
• 6. Human Resource Management
• 7. Communications Management
• 8. Risk Management
• 9. Procurement Management

4. 4
Triple constraints
Quality

5. 5
Project Scope management
• Defined: What is included in the project, as well as what is to be
excluded.(what the project needs to deliver),
OR
• The procecc required to ensure that the project includes all the work
required, and only the work, required to complete the project
successfully.
• i.e…project recruitment specification for achieving the end result,
• Main component of scope is quality of product,
• The overall defination of what the project is suppesed to accomplish,
• Management techniques:
• Conduct a thorough needs analysis
• Define what’s in and what’s out
• Clearly identify the projects goal, objectives and main drivers
• Checking to ensure the one is completing work
• Saying No o additional work not in the charter
• Preventing extra work

6. 6
Project Scope Management Tools & Techniques:
• Scope Overview: Project Overview Statement summarizing the
Project, Goal, Objectives, Success criteria, Assumptions, Risks and Obstacles
• Scope Planning-Create a project scope management plan documenting how the
project scope will be defined, verified, controlled, and how the work breakdown
structure will be created and defined.
• Scope Definition-Develop a detailed project scope statement as the basis for
project decisions
• Creation of a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)-Subdivide the major project
deliverables and project work into smaller, more manageable components
• Scope Verification-formalizing acceptance of the completed project deliverables
• Scope Control-controlling changes to the project scope

7. 7
Time
Shedule

8. 8
Time management
• Defined: A mechanism to ensure the project is completed on
time, within the resources available, and avoids delays and
associated cost overruns .
Project Time Management Techniques:
• Activity Definition
• Activity Sequencing
• Activity Resource Estimating
• Activity Duration Estimating
• Schedule Development
• Schedule Control
“For explanation see next slides”

9. 9
Activity Definition
• The Activity Definition process identifies deliverables at the
lowest level (work package) in the work breakdown structure.
• Work packages are further broken down to provide a basis for
estimating, scheduling, executing, and monitoring and
controlling the project work.

10. 10
Activity Sequencing
• Activity sequencing involves identifying & documenting the
relationships among schedule activities
• Network Diagram: Schematic displays of the project’s
schedule and the logical relationship among them.

11. 11
Activity Resource Estimating
• Determining what resources (people, equipment or material)
will be needed, when and how much.
• Tools & Techniques:
• Professional judgment
• Alternatives analysis
• Published estimating data
• Project Management software
• Bottom-up Estimating

12. 12
Activity Duration Estimating
• Tools & Techniques
• Expert judgment
• Analogous estimating
• Parametric estimating
• Three-point estimates
• Reserve analysis

13. 13
Schedule Development
• Determines the planned start and finish dates for the project activities.
• Schedule estimates can require that time and resource estimates are
reviewed to create a project schedule that can serve as a baseline tracking
tool.
• Tools & Techniques:
• Schedule network analysis
• Critical path method calculates the possible start and end
dates for project activities and the project overall.

14. 14
Schedule control
• Tools & Techniques
• Progress reporting
• Schedule change control system
• Performance measurement to produce the schedule variance
• PM software
• Variance analysis
• Schedule comparison bar charts-comparison of planned vs.
actual schedules

15. 15
Cost
Resources

16. 16
Cost
• Defined: The cost of all resources required to
perform and complete incremental tasks and the
overall project
• Management techniques:
• Gather internal and external costs.
• Look to vendor references
• Estimate recurring costs
• Usually 15%+ of initial hardware/software cost

17. 17
Project Cost Management Techniques
• Cost Estimating
• Cost Budgeting
• Cost Control
“For explanation see next slides”

18. 18
Cost Estimating
• Developing an approximate cost of the resources needed to
complete the project
• Tools & Techniques:
• Analogous Estimating: Based on similar projects
• Bottom-up Estimating: Costs at lowest level are ‘rolled up’ for reporting
and tracking
• Parametric Estimating: Base on statistical information
• PM software
• Vendor Bid Analysis

19. 19
Cost Budgeting
• Defined: Total the estimated costs of different work packages
to establish a baseline for measuring project performance.
• Tools & Techniques:
• Cost Aggregation: Scheduled activity cost estimates are totaled in
accordance with the WBS.
• Parametric estimating: Using mathematic models to predict costs.
• Reserve Analysis: Establishes contingency reserves
• Funding Limit Reconciliation: Work scheduled to limit expenditures

20. 20
Cost control
• Cost change control system
• Performance measurement analysis
• Forecasting
• Project performance reviews
• Project Management software
• Variance management

21. 21
Thank you