My presentation slides for a technical dinner presentation I delivered for the PMI\'s Arabian Gulf Chapter in Al-Khobar, KSA, on June 21, 2010.
Yousef Abugosh, PMP
My presentation slides for a technical dinner presentation I delivered for the PMI\'s Arabian Gulf Chapter in Al-Khobar, KSA, on June 21, 2010.
Yousef Abugosh, PMP
COVERTITLE PAGE Table of ContentsI. Integrated ProjecCruzIbarra161
COVER/TITLE PAGE
Table of Contents
I. Integrated Project 1: Developing Your Project Plan
20 points
a. Background ( who, what, when and How) of your company
4
b. Current Process (what do they do overall and how)
4
c. Overview of the Project
i. Objectives
1a. provide construction blueprint to customer.
1b. decrease delivery time on all raw materials from 10 days
1c. reduce amount of rework from inspections.
1d. Decrease cost overruns
4
ii. General Approach (Technical and managerial)
4
iii. Constraints (what could prevent the project from been completed: time, money, government tags etc)
4
II. Integrated Project 2: Developing the Work Breakdown Structure
50 points
a. Work Breakdown Outline (do not include the scheduling views)
30
b. Responsibility Matrix (explanation necessary!) & Personnel
20
III. Integrated Project 3: Project Risk Assessment
50 points
a. Risk Analysis*
20
b. Risk Matrices (available @ www.mhhe.com/graylarson4e)
30
*: All values selected must be explained; risks should be cited to sources if possible—Internet sites acceptable for this research)
IV. Integrated Project
100 points
a. Project Schedule (shows beginning and end dates)
30
b. Activity Precedence Diagram (Gantt)
20
c. Activity Duration Table
10
d. Milestones (you determine w/explanation)
15
e. Discussion of Critical Path w/ Visual Supporting Documentation (Network and/or tracking Gantt)
25
V. Integrated Project
45 points
a. Resource Allocation
20
b. Resolved Resource Conflicts*
25
*: explanation required
VI Integrated Project: Developing the Cost Estimates & Budget
20 points
a. Budget Analysis
15
b. Time-Phased Budget
c. Earned value Analysis
5
VII Conclusion (states what you have determined; remember that goal of any project is on-time and within budget; you might want to go back to Section I to see whether your constraints were met or exceeded
15 points
WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE (WBS)
PART 1
Company Background
Tell the story (who, what, when, where, how) of the company or organization for which this project is being done.
· Who founded this company? Who are its leaders?
· What does this company make or do? What is its target market? What is its financial performance?
· When was the company founded? Where was/is it located?
· How does the company operate? How effective is the company in its industry? How are its competitors placed in the market?
If using a company website, be sure to cite the source!
Current Process
What is the current process or existing scenario for accomplishing the company’s goals? In other words, how does the company conduct business? If, for example, it is a construction business building new homes, what would be the process that encompasses the company’s procedure from advertising through getting customers, doing the project and closing out the project deliverable. This current process might be something like:
1) Receive customer specifications
2) Design preliminary floor plan and elevation
3) Send preliminary documen ...
MIS485 Capstone Project in MIS 2MGT 400 - Project MIlonaThornburg83
MIS485: Capstone Project
in MIS
2MGT 400 - Project Management
Textbook: Farrell, P. J., (2017). IT Capstone
Project (3rd Edition), Kendall Hunt
Publishing.
3MGT 400 - Project Management
4MGT 400 - Project Management
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
HANDOUT- I
Managing the Information Systems
Project:
Defining and Planning an information
system project
Introduction
• Project management (PM) may be the most important aspect of systems
development.
• Effective PM helps to ensure
• The meeting of customer expectations.
• The satisfying of budget and time constraints.
• The nature of projects has changed from custom development to
implementing packaged software such as ERP and data warehousing.
• PM needs to be able to work well with vendors and diverse user
community.
Pine Valley Application Project
Three computer applications at Pine Valley Furniture: order filling, invoicing,
and payroll
(Source: Hoffer, Ramesh, and Topi, Modern Database Management 11th ed. 2013)
Managing the Information Systems
Project
• Project
• A planned undertaking of related activities to reach an objective that has a
beginning and an end
• Project management
• A controlled process of initiating, planning, executing, and closing down a
project
Managing the Information Systems
Project (cont.)
• Project manager
• A systems analyst with a diverse set of skills—management, leadership,
technical, conflict management, and customer relationship—who is responsible
for initiating, planning, executing, and closing down a project
• Deliverable
• The end product of an SDLC phase
Deciding on Systems Projects
• System Service Request (SSR)
• A standard form for requesting or proposing systems development work within
an organization
• Feasibility study
• A study that determines whether a requested system makes economic and
operational sense for an organization
Project Management Activities
A project manager
juggles numerous
activities
Phases of Project Management
Process
•Phase 1: Initiation
•Phase 2: Planning
•Phase 3: Execution
•Phase 4: Closedown
PM Phase 1: Project Initiation
• Assess size, scope and complexity, and establish
procedures.
• Establish:
• Initiation team
• Relationship with customer
• Project initiation plan
• Management procedures
• Project management environment and workbook
• Project charter
FIGURE 3-6
The project workbook for
the Purchasing
Fulfillment System
project contains nine key
elements
Project workbook
An online or hard-copy repository for all
project correspondence, inputs, outputs,
deliverables, procedures, and
standards. Used for performing project
audits, orienting new team members,
communicating with management and
customers, identifying future projects,
and performing post-project reviews.
Project Charter
• A short document prepared for the customer describing
project deliverables and outlining the work required to
complete the project
...
Work breakdown structure WBS Columbia Southe.docxericbrooks84875
Work breakdown structure
WBS
Columbia Southern University
Tiffany Williams
The work breakdown structure is a key project deliverable that organizes the team's work into
manageable sections. Is a "deliverable oriented hierarchical decomposition of the work to be executed
by the project team." The work breakdown structure visually defines the scope into manageable chunks
that a project team can understand, as each level of the work breakdown structure provides further
definition and detail. (Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.workbreakdownstructure.com)IN this case, I would use a three level work breakdown to
illustrate the processes in the construction project. In the paper am going to outline the work break
down structure for the construction project of a warehouse showing the various stages, participants, the
budget, as well as project timeline and constraints.
The depiction of the WBS will be using both charts and tables indicating codes for the various activities.
The idea process can be illustrated in the diagram below together with the OBS
WBS #: 1.1.1 Task: Create Plan
Est. Level of
Effort:
40 hrs Owner: Project Manager
Resources Needed: Subject Matter Experts Work
Products:
MS Project Plan
Description of
Task:
Development of a detailed project plan that lists all key resources,
tasks, milestones, dependencies, and durations.
Input: 1. Approved Project Charter
2. SMEs
Dependencies: 3. Approval of Budget
Risk: 4. Changes to IT Apps plans and deliverables
5. IT Apps implementation releases, which conflict with
implementation
WBS #: 1.1.2 Work Item: Make Budget
Est. Level of
Effort:
16 hrs. Owner: Project Manager
Resources Needed: CFO, CIO, Executive
Sponsor
Work
Products:
ITPR
Description of
Task:
Development and documentation of the project budget based on
plan and resources.
Input: 6. Approved Project Charter
7. SMEs
Dependencies: 8. Approval of Project Charter
Risk: 9. Collapse of house
WBS FIELDS
WBS
#
Task Description of Task
Work
Products
Owners
Est. Level
of Effort
1 PLANNIN
G
All task management and
management activities
1.1 Plan and
Supervise
Roll-up Task Project
Manager
N/A
1.1.
1
Create Plan Development of WBS, work
package identification,
schedule formulation,
staffing projection, resource
estimation. Followed by
development of a detail
project plan that list all the
key resources, task,
milestones, dependencies,
and duration.
WBS,
WBS
Dictionary,
MS Project
Plan
Project
Manager
40 hrs
1.1.
2
Create
Budget
Development and
documentation of the project
budget based on plan and
resources
ITPR Project
Manager
40 hrs
1.1.
3
Prepare
Disburseme
nt /
Reconciliati
on
Development of
disbursement process for the
project including
acceptan.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
COVERTITLE PAGE Table of ContentsI. Integrated ProjecCruzIbarra161
COVER/TITLE PAGE
Table of Contents
I. Integrated Project 1: Developing Your Project Plan
20 points
a. Background ( who, what, when and How) of your company
4
b. Current Process (what do they do overall and how)
4
c. Overview of the Project
i. Objectives
1a. provide construction blueprint to customer.
1b. decrease delivery time on all raw materials from 10 days
1c. reduce amount of rework from inspections.
1d. Decrease cost overruns
4
ii. General Approach (Technical and managerial)
4
iii. Constraints (what could prevent the project from been completed: time, money, government tags etc)
4
II. Integrated Project 2: Developing the Work Breakdown Structure
50 points
a. Work Breakdown Outline (do not include the scheduling views)
30
b. Responsibility Matrix (explanation necessary!) & Personnel
20
III. Integrated Project 3: Project Risk Assessment
50 points
a. Risk Analysis*
20
b. Risk Matrices (available @ www.mhhe.com/graylarson4e)
30
*: All values selected must be explained; risks should be cited to sources if possible—Internet sites acceptable for this research)
IV. Integrated Project
100 points
a. Project Schedule (shows beginning and end dates)
30
b. Activity Precedence Diagram (Gantt)
20
c. Activity Duration Table
10
d. Milestones (you determine w/explanation)
15
e. Discussion of Critical Path w/ Visual Supporting Documentation (Network and/or tracking Gantt)
25
V. Integrated Project
45 points
a. Resource Allocation
20
b. Resolved Resource Conflicts*
25
*: explanation required
VI Integrated Project: Developing the Cost Estimates & Budget
20 points
a. Budget Analysis
15
b. Time-Phased Budget
c. Earned value Analysis
5
VII Conclusion (states what you have determined; remember that goal of any project is on-time and within budget; you might want to go back to Section I to see whether your constraints were met or exceeded
15 points
WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE (WBS)
PART 1
Company Background
Tell the story (who, what, when, where, how) of the company or organization for which this project is being done.
· Who founded this company? Who are its leaders?
· What does this company make or do? What is its target market? What is its financial performance?
· When was the company founded? Where was/is it located?
· How does the company operate? How effective is the company in its industry? How are its competitors placed in the market?
If using a company website, be sure to cite the source!
Current Process
What is the current process or existing scenario for accomplishing the company’s goals? In other words, how does the company conduct business? If, for example, it is a construction business building new homes, what would be the process that encompasses the company’s procedure from advertising through getting customers, doing the project and closing out the project deliverable. This current process might be something like:
1) Receive customer specifications
2) Design preliminary floor plan and elevation
3) Send preliminary documen ...
MIS485 Capstone Project in MIS 2MGT 400 - Project MIlonaThornburg83
MIS485: Capstone Project
in MIS
2MGT 400 - Project Management
Textbook: Farrell, P. J., (2017). IT Capstone
Project (3rd Edition), Kendall Hunt
Publishing.
3MGT 400 - Project Management
4MGT 400 - Project Management
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
HANDOUT- I
Managing the Information Systems
Project:
Defining and Planning an information
system project
Introduction
• Project management (PM) may be the most important aspect of systems
development.
• Effective PM helps to ensure
• The meeting of customer expectations.
• The satisfying of budget and time constraints.
• The nature of projects has changed from custom development to
implementing packaged software such as ERP and data warehousing.
• PM needs to be able to work well with vendors and diverse user
community.
Pine Valley Application Project
Three computer applications at Pine Valley Furniture: order filling, invoicing,
and payroll
(Source: Hoffer, Ramesh, and Topi, Modern Database Management 11th ed. 2013)
Managing the Information Systems
Project
• Project
• A planned undertaking of related activities to reach an objective that has a
beginning and an end
• Project management
• A controlled process of initiating, planning, executing, and closing down a
project
Managing the Information Systems
Project (cont.)
• Project manager
• A systems analyst with a diverse set of skills—management, leadership,
technical, conflict management, and customer relationship—who is responsible
for initiating, planning, executing, and closing down a project
• Deliverable
• The end product of an SDLC phase
Deciding on Systems Projects
• System Service Request (SSR)
• A standard form for requesting or proposing systems development work within
an organization
• Feasibility study
• A study that determines whether a requested system makes economic and
operational sense for an organization
Project Management Activities
A project manager
juggles numerous
activities
Phases of Project Management
Process
•Phase 1: Initiation
•Phase 2: Planning
•Phase 3: Execution
•Phase 4: Closedown
PM Phase 1: Project Initiation
• Assess size, scope and complexity, and establish
procedures.
• Establish:
• Initiation team
• Relationship with customer
• Project initiation plan
• Management procedures
• Project management environment and workbook
• Project charter
FIGURE 3-6
The project workbook for
the Purchasing
Fulfillment System
project contains nine key
elements
Project workbook
An online or hard-copy repository for all
project correspondence, inputs, outputs,
deliverables, procedures, and
standards. Used for performing project
audits, orienting new team members,
communicating with management and
customers, identifying future projects,
and performing post-project reviews.
Project Charter
• A short document prepared for the customer describing
project deliverables and outlining the work required to
complete the project
...
Work breakdown structure WBS Columbia Southe.docxericbrooks84875
Work breakdown structure
WBS
Columbia Southern University
Tiffany Williams
The work breakdown structure is a key project deliverable that organizes the team's work into
manageable sections. Is a "deliverable oriented hierarchical decomposition of the work to be executed
by the project team." The work breakdown structure visually defines the scope into manageable chunks
that a project team can understand, as each level of the work breakdown structure provides further
definition and detail. (Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.workbreakdownstructure.com)IN this case, I would use a three level work breakdown to
illustrate the processes in the construction project. In the paper am going to outline the work break
down structure for the construction project of a warehouse showing the various stages, participants, the
budget, as well as project timeline and constraints.
The depiction of the WBS will be using both charts and tables indicating codes for the various activities.
The idea process can be illustrated in the diagram below together with the OBS
WBS #: 1.1.1 Task: Create Plan
Est. Level of
Effort:
40 hrs Owner: Project Manager
Resources Needed: Subject Matter Experts Work
Products:
MS Project Plan
Description of
Task:
Development of a detailed project plan that lists all key resources,
tasks, milestones, dependencies, and durations.
Input: 1. Approved Project Charter
2. SMEs
Dependencies: 3. Approval of Budget
Risk: 4. Changes to IT Apps plans and deliverables
5. IT Apps implementation releases, which conflict with
implementation
WBS #: 1.1.2 Work Item: Make Budget
Est. Level of
Effort:
16 hrs. Owner: Project Manager
Resources Needed: CFO, CIO, Executive
Sponsor
Work
Products:
ITPR
Description of
Task:
Development and documentation of the project budget based on
plan and resources.
Input: 6. Approved Project Charter
7. SMEs
Dependencies: 8. Approval of Project Charter
Risk: 9. Collapse of house
WBS FIELDS
WBS
#
Task Description of Task
Work
Products
Owners
Est. Level
of Effort
1 PLANNIN
G
All task management and
management activities
1.1 Plan and
Supervise
Roll-up Task Project
Manager
N/A
1.1.
1
Create Plan Development of WBS, work
package identification,
schedule formulation,
staffing projection, resource
estimation. Followed by
development of a detail
project plan that list all the
key resources, task,
milestones, dependencies,
and duration.
WBS,
WBS
Dictionary,
MS Project
Plan
Project
Manager
40 hrs
1.1.
2
Create
Budget
Development and
documentation of the project
budget based on plan and
resources
ITPR Project
Manager
40 hrs
1.1.
3
Prepare
Disburseme
nt /
Reconciliati
on
Development of
disbursement process for the
project including
acceptan.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2. 2
INTRODUCTION
Reference sources
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (2003). The
Project Management Institute. http://www.pmi.org
Rakos, John J. et al, A Practical Guide to Project Management
Documentation, Wiley, 2004
Kerzner, Harold. Project Management: A Systems Approach to
Planning, Scheduling and Controlling. 6th ed. John Wiley & Sons,
1998.
Rakos, John J. Software Project Management for Small to Medium
Sized Projects. Prentice-Hall, 1990.
3. 3
INTRODUCTION
The Value of Project Management
• Allows for excellent organization and tracking
• Better control and use of resources
• Reduces complexity of inter-related tasks
• Allows measurement of outcome versus plans
• Early identification of problems and quick
correction
4. 4
INTRODUCTION
PMBOKTM Knowledge Areas
• Based on the Project Management Institute’s Project
Management Body of Knowledge: PMBOK1
• Nine knowledge areas:
– This webinar:
Scope, Time, Cost, Risk, Integration
-- Next webinar:
Quality, Procurement,
Communications,
Human Resources, Integration
5. 5
INTRODUCTION
PMP Certification
Internationally accepted accreditation
Get certification
3 (5 without degree) years experience
35 hours training
4 hour, 200 questions, multiple choice exam!
Have to be re-certified every 3 years
60 PDUs
Attending a conference
Attending course
PMI membership
Publications
PM work
6. 6
INTRODUCTION
What is a Project?
A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a
unique product or service
- A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge
(PMBOK™), Project Management Institute, 2003
One time
Limited funds/time
Specific resources utilized
Performed by people - Single or multi-person
team
Planned, controlled
Specific Deliverables
8. 8
Project Life Cycle
INTRODUCTION
5%
20% 60%
15%
Concept Planning Execution/Control Closing
Percentages and graph refer to the amount of effort (people)
In IT projects = 90-95% of cost!
Definition | Analysis |Design|Build|Test|Accept| Implement| Operation
9. 9
Write a Plan Containing
1. Steps required to accomplish the project objectives
2. Tasks needed to be done at each step (using Work Breakdown
Structures)
3. Estimate of how much effort each task requires
4. The resources required for each task
5. (Given 3. and 4.) Calculation of how long each task/step will take
6. (Given 4. and 5.) Calculation of task, step and project costs
7. The inter-dependencies of tasks
8. The schedule for each task and the whole project (Milstones,
Deliverables, payments)
Project Planning
11. 11
Project Planning: Time and Cost Estimate
• Iterative
• Accuracy
– Estimates become more accurate
Preliminary Plan Final Plan
0
+25%
-75%
+15
-50
+10
-25
Initiation Planning Execution Closing
Definition Analysis Design
Proposal Plan Revised Plan
13. 13
Project Scope Planning
Scope Management
• Ensuring that the project includes all the work
required, only the work required.
• Dividing the work into major pieces, then
subdividing into smaller, more manageable
pieces.
14. 14
Work Breakdown Structure - Formats
1. Organization Chart Method
0.
Title
1.
Major Phase 1
1.1
Section 1
of Phase 1
2.
Major Phase 2
3.
Major Phase 3
1.2
Section 2
of Phase 1
1.3
Section 3
of Phase 1
15. 15
2. Outline Method
0. TITLE
1. MAJOR PHASE 1
1.1 S1 OF PHASE1
1.2 S2 OF PHASE1
1.3 S3 OF PHASE1
2. MAJOR PHASE 2
...
etc.
Work Breakdown Structure - Formats
16. 16
WBS - Typical Tasks
Detailed WBS Example
for procuring an
Equipment System
17. 17
Summary (Top Level) WBS
Work Breakdown Structure
Summary and Detail tasks, or
Parent and Child tasks (Work Package)
18. 18
Using the Work Breakdown Structure
1. Estimate and schedule the work (Durations, precedences on WBS)
2. Organize and schedule resources (resource allocated WBS)
3. Assign responsibilities – (Resource ramp-up, resource allocated
WBS)
4. Estimate and allocate costs and budgets (costed WBS)
5. Add up costs to different levels
– Task
– Levels on the WBS (phase, account/contract)
– Cost account
– Total project
6. Get resource commitments
7. Schedule start <--> end dates
8. Track expenditures, schedules and performance
Work Breakdown Structure
20. 20
Project Time Planning
Estimating Effort: 3 Methods
1. Professional Judgment
– “Expert” picks a number (out of the air!)
– Requires an expert
– Requires experience
– Good memory
– May ignore people
– VERY RELIABLE FOR THEMSELVES
21. 21
Estimating Efforts (cont’d)
2. History
– Look at tables of past actuals on major tasks
– Interpolate
– Requires professional judgment
– Requires good history (which changes!)
3. Formula
3.1 Variables
– Determine major variable factors (task, person)
– Using measurement determine formula of factors
– Interview and plug into formula
Project Time Planning
22. 22
Estimating Efforts (cont’d)
3.2 Function Points
– Determine smallest pieces (function points) of project.
– Using measurement establish time for each one.
– For new project, break into function points; add up
times, then multiply for worker productivity.
(Possibly: Junior x 2, Average x 1, Senior x 0.5)
• FORMULA IS BEST (IN THEORY).
• IN REALITY,____________ BEST.
Project Time Planning
23. 23
Estimating – use of History
Ratios for Systems project
SYSTEMS ACTIVITIES DUR EFFORT
SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS 11-15% 6-10%
SYSTEM DESIGN 8-12% 6-10%
SOFTWARE REQUREMENTS 2-4% 3-5%
SOFTWARE PRELIMINARY DESIGN 5-7% 4-6%
SOFTWARE DETAILED DESIGN 8-11% 9-12%
CODE AND UNIT TEST 20-28% 24-32%
SOFTWARE INTEGRATION & TEST 10-14% 11-15%
SOFTWARE QUALIFICATION 5-7% 2-4%
SYTEM INTEGRATION & QUAL. 8-12% 8-12%
WARRANTY AND SUPPORT N/A 7-10%
MAKE YOUR OWN BASED ON THE MAJOR PHASES/PIECES!
24. 24
If Estimate was Effort, must convert it to Duration
Duration = Effort/Resources (sometimes)
Taking into account:
Resource availability
Desire
Skill
Productivity
Scheduling
25. 25
Scheduling: Requires Duration and Precedents
Two Graphical tools for Scheduling:
1. PERT Chart
Plan (from WBS)
Task Precedent Duration
A - 7d
B A 3d
C - 10d
D C 5d
E - 4d
F E 6d
G F 3d
26. 26
Ordering the Activities: PERT Chart
Arrow Diagramming Method (ADM)
Scheduling
1
2
3
4 5
6
A
C
E
B
D
F
G
7d
3d
4d
6d
3d
10d 5d
27. 27
Scheduling - Gantt Chart
Order of building the Gantt Chart:
• Work Breakdown
• Estimates (duration)
• Dependencies
• Resource use
Gantt shows:
• Critical Path
• Non Critical Path(s)
• Early Start/Finish
• Late Start/Finish
• Slack
29. 29
Gantt (Schedule) Drives
1. Milestones
• Clear, concrete, binary events implying progress
• For example: Review (with approval), Sign off of a
deliverable, Funds approved
• Shown as 0 length task
– Try for even frequency
• Not too close
• Not more than 2 - 3 months apart
– Major Point to communicate with
• Client
• Outside world
• Management
Scheduling - Gantt Chart
30. 30
Gantt (Schedule) Drives
• Training
• Meetings
• Reviews
• Reports
• Site preparation
• Delivery dates (date to order) for external items
• Payment
Scheduling - Gantt Chart
32. 32
Availability
Skills
• More experienced people
• Less experienced people
Desire
Similar tasks to one person to use learning curve
Assign critical tasks to most reliable people
Tasks that need interaction or are similar
• Same person
• Two who communicate
Personality and team communication does matter
and again, Availability
Assigning Resources
34. 34
Resource leveling - possible rescheduling
Gantt with Resource Histogram
Manual resource leveling: fast vs good vs cheap
Automatic resource leveling: use only as ‘suggestion’
35. 35
Cost Estimating
• Similar to Time Estimating (usually done by the same
person/group that does the Time Estimates)
Calculation of Cost for each WP: Example:
If estimate was duration 10 days
Assign human resources 2 people
Need Effort = Duration x Resources E=2x10=20pd
e.g., Resource Cost (RC) = Effort x Rate(includes overhead)
RC=20x$1,000=$20,000
(Possible) Plus Fixed Cost (FC)
e.g., FC = $5,000
Total cost (TC) = Resource cost + Fixed Cost
TC=20,000 + 5,000 = 25,000
36. 36
Costed WBS
ID Task Name Account Fixed Cost Total Cost Payment
36 Final Submission $0.00 $33,000.00 $0.00
37 Final Design Work C14 $5,000.00 $25,000.00 $0.00
38 Final Plan C14 $0.00 $8,000.00 $0.00
39 TB Submission $0.00 $0.00 $0.00
40 EPA $0.00 $0.00 $40,000.00
41 Software (Subcontract 50-B) $0.00 $133,000.00 $0.00
42 SW Design $12,000.00 $62,000.00 $0.00
43 Do Prelim SW design S21 $0.00 $20,000.00 $0.00
44 PDR $0.00 $0.00 $0.00
45 Do Final SW design S22 $0.00 $30,000.00 $0.00
46 CDR $0.00 $0.00 $70,000.00
47 SW Construction $12,000.00 $71,000.00 $0.00
48 Code CSC A S31 $0.00 $6,000.00 $0.00
49 Code CSC B S31 $0.00 $8,000.00 $0.00
50 Integrate&Tst CSCI 1 S32 $0.00 $20,000.00 $0.00
Use Software to roll costs up the WBS
40. 40
Risk Management
Planning and Control Processes
• Risk: anything not in the project plan that may occur
and cause your project to be late, cost more or
compromise its quality/performance.
• Risk is an opportunity as well as a threat:
“You don’t put power brakes on a car to slow it down - you
do so to allow it to go faster.”
-Mark Davies, KPMG
• We will concentrate on the threat.
41. 41
Four Steps of Risk Management
1. Identification
– Anticipate the risk
– List the risks, event triggers, symptoms
2. Analysis
– Evaluate probability, impact
– Qualitative vs Quantitative
3. Risk Response
– Strategy Development to mitigate the risk:
• Eliminate the risk or reduce impact
• Contingency planning
4. Risk Control
– Monitor
– Update lists, strategies
– Action the contingency plan
– Fight the fires
Which is most important??
42. 42
Step 1: Risk Identification
Anticipate the Risk
Risk Checklist at Preliminary Planning Time (Risk Taxonomy)
Are we proposing the right solution?
Any risk in technical components?
Performance expectations reasonable?
Is the hardware standard?
How much experience do we have with it?
Is the operating software standard? Well documented?
How much experience do we have with it?
Is the development method standard? Well documented?
How much experience do we have with it?
Any component availability risks?
43. 43
Step 1: Risk Identification
Risk Checklist at Preliminary Planning Time (Risk Taxonomy)
(cont’d)
Does failure of this application affect the customer’s business?
Is the project over 6 months? 12 months? 24 months?
Does it need over 5 people?
Are we dependent on third party resources? Internal? External?
Who is the project manager?
Who is the project leader/architect?
Are the resources available when needed?
Who is the client?
Have we worked with this client? How is our relationship?
Is client available when needed?
44. 44
Step 1: Risk Identification: Inputs
PROJECT/
PM
ECONOMIC
& FINANCIAL
NATURAL
ENVIRONMENTS
CORPORATE
PROGRAMS
CORPORATE
POLICY
AND CULTURE
TECHNOLOGY
SENIOR
MANAGEMENT
POLITICAL
REGULATORY
AND LEGAL
HUMAN FACTORS
HEALTH & SAFETY
• Risk Checklists, The WBS, Environment:
History of past Similar Projects
45. 45
Step 2: Risk Analysis
Evaluate Probability and Impact into three levels:
Low, Medium, High:
Probability Criteria:
Probability Rank Description
High
Medium
Low
Greater than 66% probability of occurring
34 to 65% probability of occurring
Less than 33% probability of occurring
46. 46
Step 2: Risk Analysis
Impact Criteria:
Impact Rank Description
High
Medium
Low
Could add more than 25% to the project budget
Could add between 10 and 25% to the project budget
Could add less than 10% to the project budget
High
Medium
Low
Schedule
Cost
Quality
Could add over 25% delay to the completion
of the project
Could add over 10% delay to the completion
of the project
Could add less than 10% delay to the completion of
the project, or delays a non critical deliverable
Determine a combined impact level based on which constraint is most affected.
47. 47
Step 2: Risk Analysis
Draw a Risk Table to Summarize
Wonderful Management Tool/Report
Prob.
Impact
High
Medium
Low
High
Medium
Low
3. Lack of skilled staff,
organization slow to hire
adequate staff; may
delay implementation.
2. Time estimate and
funds inadequate for the
scope of this project;
may be late and over
budget.
1. Lack of commitment.
Headquarters may have to
assume more responsibility;
will result in project delay,
cost overruns.
6. Cannot get office space
for staff; may cause
communication problems,
delaying the execution
phase.
5. Expecting major scope
changes from clients;
may cause delay and
cost escalation.
4. Not enough time spent
planning, lack of
understanding of problem;
may take longer/
cost more than anticipated.
48. 48
Step 3: Risk Response
Strategy Development:
Reduce the Probability and/or Impact of the Risk
Risk Mitigation: Reducing the probability and/or impact
• Take immediate action. Can be risk avoidance (if
eliminated) or risk reduction (still there, but probability
or impact is reduced).
Contingency Plans
• Take action only when the risk is imminent or has
occurred
Or Acceptance (do nothing), depends on Risk Tolerance
49. 49
Risk as a Monetary Value
Tempering the Estimate
• Estimate range is
– ESTIMATE ESTIMATE + RISK
– Try to work within the range, depending on how
crucial the accuracy has to be.
• If you can get several estimates
– Use the Standard Deviations to give you confidence
levels:
• Expected estimate +/- 1 SD gives you 68% confidence
• Expected estimate +/- 2 SD gives you 95% confidence
• Expected estimate +/- 3 SD gives you 99% confidence
51. 51
Project Control – Scope Control
Scope Change Control
• Formal change control
• Evaluate cost/time impact
– Renegotiate, set expectations
– Implement or defer to next release
Configuration Management
• Keep track of what changes were made to which
modules
• Versioning
• Interoperability of modules
52. 52
Project Control – Schedule and Cost
Step 1 - Take a baseline.
• Baseline plan: a copy of the plan (WBS with all dates,
assignments, costs).
• Used to report progress against the baseline.
• Taken at a mutually agreed upon planning point:
• Proposal or Analysis completion
• +25% to -10% stage
• Baseline is (theoretically) not alterable
• Unless major scope change occurs.
53. 53
Project Control – Reporting Schedule using a Tracking Gantt
Double Gantt: Shows Project Schedule Progress vs baseline
56. 56
Resources Available
To help you Manage your Projects
• Training & Learning
– Universities
• Project Management courses
• Major/Masters in Project
• Others – public
• Project Management Institute (PMI)
• PMP Certification courses
• PMI conferences
• 250,000 members worldwide
• Your own Subject Matter Experts
57. 57
Resources Available
To help you Manage your Projects
• Training & Learning
– Internet
• PMI.org
• Many sites: search on Project Management
• NASA
• Software Engineering Institute
• Software Productivity Center
• DOD/Pentagon
• Project Management Software (WBS, Schedule, Cost, Resource usage,
Multiple project roll-up, Internet reporting,...)
– Microsoft Project
– Primavera
– Open source: OpenProj
• John J. Rakos is available to teach or consult in any topic presented in this
seminar.
58. 58
Final Details
Can you be a good project manager?
Ask yourself:
• Can I say 'NO'?
– Can I attack problems as soon as/even before they
arise?
• Can I live unloved?
If you do your job well,
people will wonder what you do!