The document discusses Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and Critical Path Method (CPM) project management tools. PERT and CPM were developed in the 1950s to help schedule, monitor, and control complex projects. PERT uses three time estimates for each activity, while CPM uses a single time estimate. The six basic steps for using PERT and CPM are outlined, including defining the project, determining activity relationships, creating a network diagram, estimating activity times/costs, identifying the critical path, and using the network for project planning and control. An example of applying PERT to a project is provided.

1. PB 602 OPERATION MANAGEMENT
PROJECT MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES
PN SITI MARIAM BINTI SAMAT
Mohamad Ihsan Hakim Bin Rozali 16BPM12F2004
Muhamad Shaiful Nizam Bin Abd Rahman 16BPM12F2003
Raja Izzat Muqri Bin Raja Zahari 16DPM11F2033

2. PERT AND CPM
Program evaluation and review technique and the Critical
path method is develop in 1950s to help managers
schedule, monitor and control large and complex projects.

3. Définition PERT
• PERT stands for program évaluation and review
technique
• A Project management technique That employs three
times estimates for each activity

4. Definition CPM
• CPM stands for critical path method
• A Project management technique That uses only one
time factor per activity

5. Six basic step for PERT and CPM
1. Define the project and prepare the work breakdown structure
2. Develop the relationship among the activities. Decide which
activities must precede and which must follow others.
3. Draw the network connecting all the activities
4. Assign time and/or cost estimates to each activity
5. Compute the longest time path through the network. This is called
critical path.
6. Use the network to help plan, schedule, monitor and control the
project

6. Important of PERT and CPM
Answer the question of:
• When will the entire project be completed?
• Which are the noncritical activities?
• What is the probability that the project will be completed by a
specific date?
• At any particular date, is the project on schedule,behind
schedule or ahead of schedule?
• On any given time is the money spend equal to,less than,or
greater than budgeted amount?

7. Important of PERT and CPM
• Are there enough resources available to finish the project on
time?
• If the project is to be finished in a shorter amount of time, what
is the best way to accomplish this goal at the least cost?

8. Program Evaluation and
Review Technique (PERT)

9. Steps to Develop and Analyze a PERT
Network
STEP 1
Decompose project into individual job or tasks and
identify each of them.
STEP 2
Find out activities or tasks sequence and develop
network.
STEP 3
Estimate each activities duration time

10. STEP 4
Obtain expected duration time of each activity
STEP 5
Determine each activity time variance
STEP 6
Find out the critical path of the network under study.
Step 7
Calculate project completion probability on the
specified time (date).

11. Example:Mario Mariano Bros Sdn Bhd owns a data needed to complete a work on a project
in Kulim Kedah Farm.Ask your company Assistant Project Manager Mario Mariano Bros Sdn
Bhd to prepare a working paper based on information table
Activities Immediate
precedence
Activities
Optimistic
Time
(month)
Most Likely Time Pessimistic time
A - 1 2 3
B - 2 3 4
C - 1 2 3
D A 2 4 6
E B 2 5 8
F B 4 5 6
G C 1 2 3
H D,E 6 7 2
I F,G 3 7 5
J H,I 8 9 4

12. (I) The time required to complete each activity
(II) Construct the PERT network for each activity
(III) Count ES,EF,LS, and LF
(IV) The longest time to complete the project
i. The optimistic time (a)
ii. The pessimistic time(m)
iii. The most likely time(b)
t =a+4m+b
6

13. Activities Immediate
precedence
Activities
Optimistic
Time
(month)
a
Most Likely
Time
(m)
Pessimistic
time
(b)
Expected
time
(t)
A - 1 2 3 2
B - 2 3 4 3
C - 1 2 3 2
D A 2 4 6 4
E B 2 5 8 5
F B 4 5 6 5
G C 1 2 3 2
H D,E 6 7 2 6
I F,G 3 7 5 6
J H,I 8 9 4 8

14. calculation
t =a+4m+b
6
t =1 +4(2)+3
6
t =2
t= a+4m+b
6
= 2 +4(3)+4
6
= 3

15. Aon graph
start
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J END

16. key
ES : Earliest start
EF: Earliest finish
LS: latest start
LF: latest finish
A: activity name
AD: activity duration
ES Activity Duration
EF
a
Activity name
LS LF

17. Pert network
Forward pass: earliest start time rule
Before and activity has only a single immediate
precedecessor ,its EQ equals to EF of all predecessor
If an activity has multiple predecessor, its ES is the
maximum of all EF values of its predecessor

18. Pert network
Backward pass