The document discusses three cardiac procedures: Holter monitor, stress testing, and echocardiography. The Holter monitor measures heart activity over 24 hours or more to detect illnesses like epilepsy. Stress testing determines how well blood flows to the heart during activity or stress, commonly to detect coronary heart disease. Echocardiography uses ultrasound to detect cardiovascular disease by assessing the heart's size, shape, tissue damage, valves, flow patterns, and wall motion.

1. Jennifer Enghauser Presentation 5 Professor Abdullah Medical Terminology Septmeber 20, 2011 Cardiac Procedure Types

2. There are several different types of tests and procedures used to measure cardiac illnesses. I have chosen to expand upon three of those procedures: Holter Monitor Stress Testing Echocardiography Introduction

3. Holter Monitor Often referred to as “Holter” for short, this device measures the central nervious electric activity for at least 24 hours. Some patients wear it as much as two weeks to get a good measure of their activity. It is mostly used to measure heart activity, but sometimes used to measure brain activity as well. It is especially helpful in detecting illnesses that are harder to detect in a short period of time like epilepsy. This device is named after physicist, Norman Holter, who invented telemetric cardiac monitoring in 1949. It was first used in clinical settings around 1961.

4. Holter Monitor (continued) The “Holter” can be seen below. It is usually worn underneath clothing so that the patient can undergo normal, daily activities.

5. These tests are designed to determine how well blood and oxygen are flowing to the heart while the patient is engaging in activity or while there is stress induced to your heart. This is most commonly used to determine if the patient has coronary heart disease. Different types of stress tests include: Regular Stress Echo – exercise on a treadmill, most common Dobutamine Stress Echo – For those that cannot use a treadmill, the patient ingests medicine which increases the work of the heart Cardiolite Stress – motor-driven treadmill, pulse monitored while on the treadmill, small amounts of radioactive cardiolite injected to allow for a scan immediately following. Adenosine Stress – for those who cannot tolerate exercise at all. Adenosine is administered to induce stress to the heart. Stress Testing

6. Stress Testing (continued) Below is an example of a patient undergoing a regular stress echo while the technician is monitoring his heart rate levels.

7. This is one of the most widely used diagnostic tests to determine whether a patient has cardiovascular disease. What it can detect: Blood pumping capacity Size and shape of heart Location and extent of any damage to the heart tissue Asseses heart valve disease Detects pattern of heart flow Asseses motion of the heart wall Determines if chest pain is related to heart disease Echocardiography

8. Echocardiography (Continued) Below is an example of a technician performing an echocardiogram on a patient. As you can see, it is completely non-invasive. Best of all, there are little known side effects.