Invasive blood pressure monitoring (IBP) is a technique used primarily in intensive care units and operating theatres that allows for accurate, continuous, beat-to-beat blood pressure readings, especially in critical conditions. The procedure involves the insertion of a catheter into an artery and has roots tracing back to Stephen Hales' first attempt in 1733. Advantages of IBP include real-time monitoring and the ability to obtain arterial blood samples, although the method carries risks and complexities.

1. Blood Pressure Measurement

2. Introduction
• This technique involves direct
measurement of arterial pressure
by inserting a catheter (thin,
hollow, and flexible tube).
• Invasive (intra-arterial) blood
pressure (IBP) monitoring is a
commonly used technique in the
Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and
in the operating theatre.

3. Cont. Introduction
• IBP technique also allows accurate blood
pressure readings specially the very low
pressures, for example in shocked patients.
• It allows continuous ‘beat-to-beat’ blood
pressure monitoring.
• Its complex procedure involves many risks.

4. The first invasive blood
pressure measurement
• The first invasive
attempt to measure
blood pressure was
made by Stephen
Hales in 1733.
• He inserted a glass
tube directly into the
artery of a horse

5. Catheterization method types
• Generally, this Invasive technique can be divided
into two division:
 Extravascular Sensor System
 Intravascular Sensor System

6. Extravascular Sensor System
• The sensor is located behind the catheter and
the vascular pressure is transmitted by
hydraulic connection.

7. catheter

8. Invasive BP transducer kit

9. IBP sensor

13. Percutaneous radial artery cannulation

14. Steps to: Percutaneous radial artery
cannulation
(A) The wrist is positioned and the artery identified by
palpation.
(B) The catheter-over-needle assembly is introduced through
the skin and advanced toward the artery.
(C) Entry of the needle tip into the artery is identified by the
flash of arterial blood in the needle hub reservoir.
(D) Needle-catheter assembly is advanced at a lower angle to
assure entry of the catheter tip into the vessel.
(E) If blood flow continues into the needle reservoir, the
catheter is advanced gently over the needle into the artery.
(F) The catheter is attached to pressure monitoring tubing
while maintaining proximal occlusive pressure on the
artery.

15. Specification
• Anesthetic solution (typically 1% lidocaine) is
injected intradermally and subcutaneously
alongside the artery, using a 25- or 26- gauge
needle
• A 3-mL syringe with the plunger removed should
be used as a blood reservoir
• Teflon catheter is the most common one used for
radial artery cannulation
• The size (20- or 18-gauge) of the catheter
• The catheter is advanced at an angle of 30 to 45
degree and lowering with each advance to ensure
that catheter enters the vessel lumen

18. Advantages of direct arterial blood
pressure measurement
• Arterial blood sampling
• Continuous real-time monitoring
• Intentional pharmacologic or mechanical
cardiovascular manipulation
• Failure of indirect blood pressure
measurement
• Supplementary diagnostic clues.

19. Implantation technique for blood
pressure measurement
• A novel less-invasive blood pressure
monitoring system involve the principle:
if a blood vessel is pressed against a flat
surface of a pressure sensor diaphragm until
vessel flattening occurs, according to
Laplace’s law the pressure measured by the
sensor will be approximately equal to the
pressure inside the vessel

20. Implantable blood pressure
monitoring system

21. Prototype implantable blood pressure
monitoring
cuff with rigid isolation ring

23. Implant electronic system architecture

24. Blood
pressure