Stress tests monitor a patient's heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, and tiredness levels as they exercise on a treadmill or bike to increasingly difficult intensities. This helps doctors diagnose conditions like coronary artery disease, chest pain, and shortness of breath, determine safe exercise levels, and predict heart attack risk. Extracorporeal circulation reroutes blood to an external heart-lung machine during open heart surgery, oxygenating and pumping the blood back into the body. Echocardiograms use ultrasound to produce images of the heart's internal structures like chambers and valves to evaluate pumping function and identify muscle issues from conditions like poor blood flow or prior heart attacks.

1. Cardiovascular Procedures Christina Wilbur Prof. R Abdullah Spring 2011

2. Stress Test Procedure used to help doctors measure cardiovascular fitness by seeing how your heart handles work Patients wear a blood pressure cuff and electrocardiogram(EKG) while asked to walk on a treadmill or bike that steadily increases intensity . The patient is monitored for the following: Heart Rate Breathing Blood Pressure Level of Tiredness

3. Stress Test What are Stress Tests used for? Diagnose coronary artery disease Diagnose heart-related symptoms such as chest pain, lightheadedness and shortness of breath Determine safe levels of exercise Check effectiveness of a procedure done to improve blood circulation Predict risk of heart related conditions such as heart attack

4. Extracorporeal Circulation Procedure used during open heart surgeries During surgery, blood is rerouted to a heart-lung machine outside the body. Blood circuit is continuous with bodily circulation Blood is oxygenated and repumped into the body

5. Extracorporeal Circulation Blood circuit through a heart-lung machine

6. Echocardiography Noninvasive procedure used to see internal cardiac structures Heart is assessed via one and two dimensional images produced by an ultrasound machine Cardiac valve activity often evaluated with this method

7. Echocardiography What is an echocardiography used for? See how the chambers and valves are working Evaluate pumping function Identify areas of the heart muscle that are not functioning properly May be due to poor blood flow or injury from previous heart attacks Detect possible blood clots, fluid buildup and problems with the aorta