An ecHocardiogram is a test in which ultrasound is used to examine the heart. Displaying a cross-sectional "slice" of the beating heart, including the chambers, valves and the major blood vessels that exit from the left and right ventricle
An ecHocardiogram is a test in which ultrasound is used to examine the heart. Displaying a cross-sectional "slice" of the beating heart, including the chambers, valves and the major blood vessels that exit from the left and right ventricle
Ultrasonography of Heart or Cardiac ultrasonography or Echocardiogram or ultrasound of the heart is the production of two-dimensional cross-sectional images of intracardiac anatomy by stop-action compound scan pulse-echo ultrasound.
The images show the size and shape of the cardiac chambers in systole and diastole, the appearance of heart valves, and the orientation of the great vessels.
The stop-action display is created by repetitively activating the recording oscilloscope for a selected short segment of each cardiac cycle.
The activating signal is timed by the patient's electrocardiogram.
The asynchronous motion of the scanner accumulates additional echoes with each cycle.
As a non-invasive technique, it is without risk or morbidity.
Ultrasonography of Heart or Cardiac ultrasonography or Echocardiogram or ultrasound of the heart is the production of two-dimensional cross-sectional images of intracardiac anatomy by stop-action compound scan pulse-echo ultrasound.
The images show the size and shape of the cardiac chambers in systole and diastole, the appearance of heart valves, and the orientation of the great vessels.
The stop-action display is created by repetitively activating the recording oscilloscope for a selected short segment of each cardiac cycle.
The activating signal is timed by the patient's electrocardiogram.
The asynchronous motion of the scanner accumulates additional echoes with each cycle.
As a non-invasive technique, it is without risk or morbidity.
A moderately frequent illness called congestive heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's demands. It frequently happens as a result of a chronic illness or aging. The body makes an effort to make up for this by boosting blood salt levels and fluid retention.
Swelling, weight gain, and shortness of breath may result from this. Diabetes and high blood pressure are other conditions linked to congestive heart failure. Congestive heart failure, however, is most frequently brought on by coronary artery disease (CAD). This occurs when the arteries that carry blood to the heart start to constrict and narrow.
When calling a doctor is important to question Dr. Sumit shejol Cardiologist from Hrudaysparsh Clinic Suggests that if you recognize the majority of the symptoms of heart failure. Certain signs and symptoms, such as chest pain, acute breathlessness, an irregular heartbeat, extreme weakness, or fainting, demand rapid medical attention. Do not delay in seeking assistance, do not self-diagnose, and do not self-medicate if you feel any of that. Some of these symptoms may also be a sign of heart failure or another serious lung, heart, or cardiovascular disease. Your condition is stabilized as emergency room doctors try to identify the source of your symptoms. Call your doctor right away if you've already been given a heart failure diagnosis and you realize that your symptoms have gotten worse or a new symptom has appeared.
Congestive heart failure is a fatal condition with a high mortality rate. Congestive heart failure has a wide range of risk factors. Smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, being obese, and having experienced a heart attack in the past are some of them. It can also be brought on by a hereditary condition like cardiomyopathy. The condition can cause the heart muscle to expand and become excessively thick, which can result in heart failure. Congestive heart failure can be exacerbated by lifestyle choices including smoking, excessive alcohol intake, or tobacco use.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2. 1. Echocardiography Echocardiography is a diagnostic test that uses ultrasound waves to create an image of the heart muscle. Ultrasound waves that rebound or echo off the heart can show the size, shape, and movement of the heart's valves and chambers as well as the flow of blood through the heart. Echocardiography may show such abnormalities as poorly functioning heart valves or damage to the heart tissue from a past heart attack.
3. Echocardiography Echocardiography is used to diagnose certain cardiovascular diseases. In fact, it is one of the most widely used diagnostic tests for heart disease. It can provide a wealth of helpful information, including the size and shape of the heart, its pumping strength, and the location and extent of any damage to its tissues. It is especially useful for assessing diseases of the heart valves. It not only allows doctors to evaluate the heart valves, but it can detect abnormalities in the pattern of blood flow, such as the backward flow of blood through partly closed heart valves, known as regurgitation. By assessing the motion of the heart wall, echocardiography can help detect the presence and assess the severity of coronary artery disease, as well as help determine whether any chest pain is related to heart disease. Echocardiography can also help detect hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, in which the walls of the heart thicken in an attempt to compensate for heart muscle weakness. The biggest advantage to echocardiography is that it is noninvasive and has no known risks or side effects.
4. Echocardiography Echocardiography creates an image of the heart using ultra-high-frequency sound waves-sound waves that are too high in frequency to be heard by the human ear. The technique is very similar to ultrasound scanning commonly used to visualize the fetus during pregnancy. An echocardiography examination generally lasts between 15-30 minutes. The patient lies bare-chested on an examination table. A special gel is spread over the chest to help the transducer make good contact and slide smoothly over the skin. The transducer, a small hand-held device at the end of a flexible cable, is placed against the chest. Essentially a modified microphone, the transducer directs ultrasound waves into the chest. Some of the waves get echoed (or reflected) back to the transducer. Since different tissues and blood all reflect ultrasound waves differently, these sound waves can be translated into a meaningful image of the heart, which can be displayed on a monitor or recorded on paper or tape. The patient does not feel the sound waves, and the entire procedure is painless. In fact, there are no known side effects. Occasionally, variations of the echocardiography test are used. For example, Doppler echocardiography employs a special microphone that allows technicians to measure and analyze the direction and speed of blood flow through blood vessels and heart valves. This makes it especially useful for detecting and evaluating regurgitation through the heart valves. By assessing the speed of blood flow at different locations around an obstruction, it can also help to precisely locate the obstruction.
5. Echocardiography An echocardiogram may show a number of abnormalities in the structure and function of the heart, such as: thickening of the wall of the heart muscle (especially the left ventricle) abnormal motion of the heart muscle blood leaking backward through the heart valves (regurgitation) decreased blood flow through a heart valve (stenosis)
6. 2. Doppler ultrasound Doppler ultrasound is a noninvasive test that can be used to measure your blood flow and blood pressure by bouncing high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) off circulating red blood cells. A regular ultrasound uses sound waves to produce images, but can't show blood flow. A Doppler ultrasound can estimate how fast blood flows by measuring the rate of change in its pitch (frequency). During a Doppler ultrasound, a technician trained in ultrasound imaging (sonographer) presses a small hand-held device (transducer), about the size of a bar of soap, against your skin over the area of your body being examined, moving from one area to another as necessary. This test may be done as an alternative to more-invasive procedures such as arteriography and venography, which involve injecting dye into the blood vessels so that they show up clearly on X-ray images.
7. Doppler ultrasound A Doppler ultrasound may help diagnose many conditions, including: Blood clots Poorly functioning valves in your leg veins, which can cause blood or other fluids to pool in your legs (venous insufficiency) Heart valve defects and congenital heart disease A blocked artery (arterial occlusion) Decreased blood circulation into your legs (peripheral artery disease) Bulging arteries (aneurysms) Narrowing of an artery, such as those in your neck (carotid artery stenosis)
9. 3. Holter Monitor Holter monitor (often simply "Holter" or occasionally ambulatory electrocardiography device) is a portable device for continuously monitoring various electrical activity of the central nervous system system for at least 24 hours. Holter’s most common use is for monitoring heart activity (electrocardiography or ECG), but it can also be used for monitoring brain activity (electroencephalography or EEG). It is used for observing occasional cardiac arrhythmias or epileptic events which would be very difficult to identify in a short period of time.
10. Holter monitor The Holter monitor is named for physicist Norman J. Holter, who invented telemetric cardiac monitoring in 1949. When used for the heart, much like standard electrocardiographythe Holter monitor records electrical signals from the heart via a series of electrodes attached to the chest. Electrodes are placed over the bones to minimize artifacts from muscular activity. The recorded data made will be analyzed by an technician.
