Tunnel surveying is a type of underground surveying used to construct tunnels. It involves aligning the tunnel center line underground and transferring it to the tunnel. Leveling of the surface and internal tunnel is also done. There are different types of tunnels based on use such as traffic, hydro power, and public utility tunnels. Construction methods include cut-and-cover, bored tunnel, pipe jacking, and box jacking. Tunnel shapes are commonly circular or horseshoe. A gyroscope is a device that measures rotational changes and is used during tunnel construction in the absence of GPS to help with orientation underground.

2. TUNNEL SURVEYING
&
USES OF GEOROSCOPE

3. TUNNEL SURVEYING
WHAT IS A TUNNEL ?
• A tunnel is an underground passa
ge through a mountain, beneath
a city or under a waterway.
• A tunnel is an underground pass
ageway, dug through the surroun
ding soil/earth/rock and enclosed
except for entrance and exit, com
monly at each end.
• A tunnel may be for foot or vehic
ular road traffic, for rail traffic, or
for a canal.

4. TUNNEL SURVEYING CONT:
TUNNEL SURVEYING
• Tunnel surveying is a type of underground surveying
for the construction of tunnels.
• The basic procedure of tunnel surveying is to align
the center line in the ground and transfer that to
the tunnel.
• This also involves leveling the surface on the ground
and the internal of the tunnel

5. Types of tunnel on the
bases of use
 Trafic tunnel
 Hydro power tunnel
1. Diversion tunnel
2. Pressure tunnel
 Public utility tunnel

6. Types of tunnel on the bases of
construction
• Cut and cover method
• Bored tunnel method
• Pipe jacking method
• Box jacking method

9. Shapes of tunnels

10. basic types of tunnel construction
There are some basic types of tunnel construction in commo
n use:
1. Cut-and-cover tunnel
2. drill and blast method of tunnel
3. tunnel boring machine
4. immersed tunnel
5. covered over
a) Bored tunnel
b) without removing the ground above.
They are usually of circular or horseshoe cross-section; Immer
sed tube tunnel, sunk into a body of water and laid on or bur
ied just under its bed.

11. covered over

12. Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM)

13. Drill And Blast Method Of Tunnel

14. without removing the ground
above the earth surface

15. Bored tunnel

16. Cut-and-cover
tunnel

17. Immersed Tunnel

18. types for the
construction of

19. Hard Rock Tunnelling

20. Soft Ground Tunnelling

21. Soft Ground Tunnelling

22. Micro tunnelling

24. USES OF A GYROSCOPE
WHAT IS A GYROSCOPE ?
• A gyroscope (from Greek, gyro means "circle" and s
cope means "to look") is a device used for measurin
g rotational changes.
• A typical type of Gyroscope is made by suspending
a massive rotor/disc inside three rings called gimbal.

25. USES OF GYROSCOPE
TYPES OF GYROSCOPE
• A MECHANICAL GYROSCOPE can be used to detect
rotations by using the inner gyroscope’s axis as a ref
erence point.

26. USES OF GYROSCOPE
TYPES OF GYROSCOPE
• OPTICAL GYROSCOPES use the constancy of the sp
eed of light to detect rotational changes.
• the main advantage of optical gyroscopes is they ha
ve zero moving parts.

27. USES OF GEOROSCOPE
USES
• Gyroscopes are primarily used in the absence of astr
onomical star sights and GPS.
• It is used during the construction of tunnels.
• It is used in Airplanes and ships.

28. That’s All