Benazir Bhutto, (born June 21, 1953, Karachi, Pak.—died Dec. 27, 2007, Rawalpindi), Pakistani politician, the first woman leader of a Muslim nation in modern history. After receiving an education at Harvard and Oxford, she led the political opposition to Pres. Zia-ul-Haq after the execution of her father, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, in 1979. She subsequently endured frequent house arrest (1979–84) and was exiled (1984–86). When Zia died in a plane crash in 1988, she became prime minister of a coalition government. She was unable to do much to combat Pakistan’s widespread poverty, governmental corruption, and increasing crime, and her government was dismissed in 1990 on charges of corruption and other malfeasance. A second stint as prime minister (1993–96) ended similarly. In 1999 she was convicted of taking kickbacks from a Swiss company and sentenced in absentia to five years in prison. In October 2007 Bhutto was granted a long-sought amnesty and returned to Pakistan. In December she was killed while campaigning for upcoming election

1. Benazir Bhutto's
First Term 1988-
90

2. THE END OF ZIA GOVERNMENT
General Zia-ul-Haq along with his companions died in a plane crash on August17, 1988 on their way back from Bahawalpur.
Thus, the General Zia-ul-Haq 11 years rule ended. Senate Chairman Ghulam Ishaq Khan immediately took over as President
and resolved the leadership crisis in the country. President Ghulam Ishaq Khan held party-based elections in 1988. A large
number of political parties, including the Pakistan people's party, participated in the elections. In the elections, the PPP led by
Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto won in the center, Sindh Province and NWFP (Khyber Pukhtoon Khwa). Thus, the PPP government
was formed in the center and in the two provinces. Benazir Bhutto was sworn in as the first female Prime Minister of the
Islamic world on 2 December 1988. The Islamic Democratic Union formed the government in Punjab. The formation of the
government of Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto was termed as the restoration of the people's government in the true sense of the word

3. BENAZIR BHUTTO POLITICAL CAREER
(1988-2007)
Benazir Bhutto, (born June 21, 1953, Karachi, Pak.—died Dec. 27, 2007, Rawalpindi), Pakistani politician, the first
woman leader of a Muslim nation in modern history. After receiving an education at Harvard and Oxford, she led the
political opposition to Pres. Zia-ul-Haq after the execution of her father, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, in 1979. She subsequently
endured frequent house arrest (1979–84) and was exiled (1984–86). When Zia died in a plane crash in 1988, she became
prime minister of a coalition government. She was unable to do much to combat Pakistan’s widespread poverty,
governmental corruption, and increasing crime, and her government was dismissed in 1990 on charges of corruption and
other malfeasance. A second stint as prime minister (1993–96) ended similarly. In 1999 she was convicted of taking
kickbacks from a Swiss company and sentenced in absentia to five years in prison. In October 2007 Bhutto was granted
a long-sought amnesty and returned to Pakistan. In December she was killed while campaigning for upcoming election

4. BENAZIR BHUTTO'S FIRST TERM 1988-90
11th Prime Minister of
Pakistan
2 December 1988 – 6
August 1990
President Ghulam
Ishaq Khan
Succeeded by
Nawaz Sharif
Preceded
by M.
Khan
Junejo

5. (ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS)
BENAZIR BHUTTO'S FIRST TERM 1988-90
1. The dissolution of the Balochistan Assembly(Administrative
Reforms)
The Chief Minister of Balochistan, Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali, had just
not gained the vote of confidence from the Balochistan Assembly in 1988
that the Benazir Bhutto government dismissed it. The Balochistan High
Court took up the case, declared it as unconstitutional and restored the
house.
2. Presidential elections(Administrative Reforms)
Ghulam Ishaq Khan won the presidential elections against Nawabzada
Nasrullah Khan in Dec 1988 and took the oath for the office.
3. Pakistan rejoins Commonwealth(Administrative Reforms)
After separation from the Commonwealth in 1972, Pakistan rejoined it in
1989.

6. BENAZIR BHUTTO'S FIRST TERM 1988-90
4. Foreign Policy(Administrative Reforms)
The Govt. of Benazir Bhutto adopted a ‘no-
confrontation policy’ with India. When
Rajiv Gandhi visited Pakistan to participate in the
fourth SAARC Conference, Benazir Bhutto joined
hands for establishing good relations with him.
Benazir Bhutto was a gracious host when Rajiv Gandhi, her
Indian counterpart, came visiting. The two at the time had
tragic family histories behind them and, unbeknown to
them, future gruesome and fatal tragedies awaiting them. |
Photo: The Press Information Department, Ministry of
Information, Broadcasting & National Heritage, Islamabad.

7. BENAZIR BHUTTO'S FIRST TERM 1988-90
Constitutional Reforms
The Eleventh Amendment was introduced in 1989 during the first term of Benazir Bhutto's government. It was about women's
seats in National and Provincial Assemblies
5. Social Welfare(social Reforms)
The government had launched the Peoples Works Programme for development and social welfare of the country. For providing
employment to the public, a department, Benazir Bhutto Placement Bureau, was set up. Thousands of people got employment
through it. which provided thousands of jobs.
The dismissal of the Benazir Bhutto government
President Ghulam Ishaq Khan using the powers under Section 58-2-B of the constitution dismissed the Benazir Bhutto
government on the charges of corruption and dissolved the National Assembly on 6th August 1990. Her first government lasted
for about 20 months.

8. MUHAMMAD NAWAZ SHARIF'S FIRST TERM
1990-93
After the dismissal of Benazir Bhutto's first government, caretaker governments
were formed in the country and elections were held in 1990. Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi
was a Pakistani politician who served as the Caretaker Prime Minister of Pakistan
for three months, from 6 August 1990 to 6 November 1990.
In these elections, Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif of the Islami Jamhoori Ittehad
(IJI) was elected Prime Minister, Despite various measures taken by Nawaz Sharif
government, he could not complete its term. The political situation in Karachi and
interior Sindh was deteriorated. Relations between Prime Minister Mian
Muhammad Nawaz Sharif and President Ghulam Ishaq Khan became also strained,
with the result that President Ghulam Ishaq Khan dismissed the government of
Muhammad Nawaz Sharif on April 18, 1993, , using Article 58-2B of the
Constitution and dissolved the government

9. CARETAKER GOVERNMENT TILL NEXT
ELECTION
The End of
Muhammad Nawaz
Sharif's first term 1990-93
In
1993Moeenuddin
Ahmad Qureshi
(caretaker)

10. BENAZIR BHUTTO'S SECOND TERM 1993-96
13th Prime Minister of Pakistan
In office
18 October 1993 – 5 November
1996
Former President of Pakistan Farooq Leghari

11. BENAZIR BHUTTO'S SECOND TERM 1993-96
In the 1993 general election, the Pakistan People's Party won a majority. The Pakistan People's Party, along with other allies,
formed governments in the center, Sindh,Punjab and NWFP (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa). The government of Benazir Bhutto was
more confident and stable this time. BENAZIR Bhutto occupied a unique place in the political history of Pakistan

12. ERA
(OCT. 1993 TO NOV. 1996)
Benazir Bhutto was elected Prime Minister of Pakistan for the second time in October 1993.
The following are the important events of the second term.
Administrative Reforms
Presidential elections were held in 1993, in which Pakistan People's Party leader Sardar Farooq Ahmad Khan Leghari was
elected President. Thus, both the Prime Minister and the President belonged to the same political party. Steps were taken to
establish good relations with other countries.
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government (Administrative Reforms)
The government of the Chief Minister, Pir Sabir Shah of the Muslim League and the Assambly were dissolved in 1994 in
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Aftab Ahmad Sherpao of the People’s Party was elected as Chief Minister.
Industrial Reforms
Many concessions were announced for setting up industries in the country, but heavy taxes were imposed on the people. Thus,
the country remained a victim of industrial and economic crisis.
Development Programmes
During Benazir Bhutto’s second term, construction of Karachi Flyover Bridge and Lahore Bypass was started.

13. REFORMS
TO ACHIEVE THE TARGETS
Plans for farmers and women Agricultural Reforms
In the second term of Benazir Bhutto's government, Kisan Bank was set up to
provide loans to farmers and tractors were provided to farmers through Public Tractor
Scheme. Agricultural Development Bank and other commercial banks also issued
agricultural loans. Farmers were able to buy seeds, fertilizers and pesticides with these
loans. Social and health policies were framed for women. Women police stations and courts were set up for providing legal
facilities to this class
Foreign visits and the Kashmir issue
P.M. Benazir Bhutto made successful visits to Iran and Turkey. She gained moral support of these countries on the Kashmir
issue. Many agreements of cooperation in different fields were signed.

14. REFORMS
TO ACHIEVE THE TARGETS
Educational Reforms
Primary Education and Women (girls) Education were area of attention during this period. Steps were taken for the benefit of
teachers. Government made an effort to increase facilities in educational institutions.
Economic Reforms (8th 5 -Year Plan)
The government launched eighth Development Plan. It aimed at accelerating economic growth rate in the country. The
government announced a new energy policy in 1994 to overcome energy shortage and load shedding issues. A large number of
gas connections were provided to large number of people. Pakistan steel mills became a profitable organization. Port Qasim in
Karachi was extended .
Constitutional Reforms
In Benazir Bhutto's second term, no significant constitutional reforms took place
.

15. REFORMS
TO ACHIEVE THE TARGETS
Social Reforms
People’s Works Programme was launched with the objective of social uplift and improvement in standard of living. Special
targets were set for the welfare of women.Women Police stations and First Women Bank were established.
Health Reforms
Public Health Scheme was introduced in this period. Under this scheme Lady Health Workers were recruited. They were given
the task to visit the women at their homes and give them information on health-related issues. Under the social security scheme,
many dispensaries were set up in the country. Polio eradication campaign was started in this term.

16. THE END OF THE GOVERNMENT BENAZIR
BHUTTOSECOND TERM 1993-96
The dismissal of the government of Benazir Bhutto
Differences on different matters were developed between President Mr. Farooq Ahmed Leghari and Prime Minister Benazir
Bhutto. He dismissed the government on charges.
Although, Benazir Bhutto's second term was more confident and better but even this time, his government did not last long.
This time, Sardar Farooq Ahmad Khan Leghari, the self-elected president of the Pakistan People's Party, made several
allegations and using Article 58-2B of the Constitution overthrew the government of Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto on November
5, 1996, dissolved the National and Provincial Assemblies and announced new elections