The document describes several fungal orders within the division Ascomycota. It provides details on the morphological characteristics of fungi in the orders Discomycetes, Taphrinales, Saccharomycetales, Eurotiales, Erysiphales, Sordariales, Xylariales, Hypocreales, Clavicipitales, and Pleosporales. Key characteristics mentioned include structure of the ascus and ascospores, presence of amyloid reactions, and growth habits such as budding, cleistothecia, or fruiting bodies.

1. Discomycetes
Helotiales
Geoglossaceae
-Microglossum
-Trichoglossum
Leotiaceae
-Leotia
Rhytismataceae
-Cudonia
-Rhytisma
-Lophodermium
Helotiaceae
-Chlorociboria

2. Discomycetes
Helotiales
Geoglossaceae
-Microglossum -Trichoglossum
Hymenium over the apothecium
Amyloid apical plug
Amyloid apIcal
plug
Septate ascospores

3. Discomycetes
Leotiaceae Helotiales
-Leotia Stipitate with apical apothecium
-Cudonia
Septate spores w/ globules
Branching paraphyses
Curved paraphyses
Skinny, sharp septate spores

4. Discomycetes
Helotiales
Rhytismataceae
-Rhytisma “maple leaf spot” -Lophodermium “needle scale casts”
Curved paraphyses,
Filiform spores

5. Discomycetes
Helotiales
Helotiaceae
-Chlorociboria
Blue apothecia
Ectal excipulum of Interwoven hyphae, medullary excipulum
Straight paraphyses

6. Discomycetes
Pezizales
Pezizaceae
-Peziza
Otideaceae
-Otidea
Humariaceae
-Scuttellinia
Sarcosomataceae
Morchellaceae -Psuedoplectaria
-Morchella
Tuberacea
-Tuber
Sarcoscyphaceae
-Sarcoscypha

7. Discomycetes
Pezizales
Sarcosomataceae
-Psuedoplectaria
Tight, interwoven medullary
Excipulum
Drk brwn psuedo. ectalpulum
Tuberacea
-Tuber
Hypogeous ascomata
Ascus globose
2/3 spiny spores
Sarcoscyphaceae
-Sarcoscypha
Small, red, amyloid paraphysis

8. Discomycetes
Pezizales
Pezizaceae
-Peziza
Amyloid wall over apex
Medullary and
ectal excipula
Psuedoparenchymatous
Otideaceae
-Otidea
Spores w/
2 oil drops
Interwoven medulla

9. Discomycetes
Pezizales
Humariaceae
-Scuttellinia Morchellaceae
-Morchella
apothecium discoid/cupulate w
Hairs on ectal excipulum
Pigments in
paraphyses

10. Archiascomycetes
Taphrinales
-Taphrina deformans -Taphrina occidentalis
“peach leaf curl”

11. Hemiascomycetes
Saccharomycetales
-Saccharomyces cerevisiea budding-asexual
-Monilia -Candida -Rhodotorula

12. Plectomycetes
Eurotiales
- Emericella nidulans conidiophore
ascospores cleistothecia
Hulle cells

13. Plectomycetes
Eurotiales
-Elaphomyces -Psuedotulostoma volvata

14. Plectomycetes -
Erysiphales “powdery mildews”
-Microsphaera Phyllactinia Unicula

15. Pyrenomycetes -
Sordariales
-perithecia
-Sordariaceae Sordaria -Chaetomiaceae Chaetomium

16. Pyrenomycetes -
Xylariales
Xylariaceae
Stroma w/
Perithecia on periphery
Perithecial ostiole
-Xylaria -Hypoxylon -Daldina

17. Pyrenomycetes -
Hypocreales
Hypocreaceae -Hypomyces Nectriceae -Nectria

18. Pyrenomycetes -
Clavicipitales
Clavicipitaceae
-Claviceps purpurea -Cordyceps

19. Loculoascomycetes -
Pleosporales
Not pleospora (kind of similar)
-bitunicate (dbl walled)
ascus w/ multi-septate
ascospores
psuedothecium
-Pleospora -Venturia “apple scab”