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Animal kingdom for NEET UG by revand
- 1. STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION OF ANIMAL KINGDOM Dr. R. REVAND, M.B.B.S (JIPMER), H.D.C.P., House Surgeon, JIPMER Hospital, Puducherry, India.
- 2. CRITERIA FOR CLASSIFICATION • Symmetry – radial / bilateral • Coelom – acoelomates/ pseudocoelomates / eucoelomates • Tissue grading and tissue organisation • Layers of body wall
- 4. PROTOZOA • Unicellular • Contractile vacuoles for OSMOREGULATION • Food vacuoles for DIGESTION • VORTICELLA – bell animalcule • PARAMOECIUM – slipper animalcule
- 5. PARAMOECIUM
- 6. TRYPANOSOMA
- 7. TRYPANOSOMIASIS (Sleeping sickness) • American (CHAGAS) – Reduviid bug • African – TSE TSE fly - Adenotrophic viviparity – milk glands
- 8. • Plasmodium – malaria (hemozoin pigment) – F. ANOPHELES 1. P. Falciparum ( most abundant, severe, black water, tertian malaria) 2. P. Vivax 3. P. Malariae 4. P. Ovale • Entamoeba histolytica – intestinal amoebiasis / amebic dysentery • Giardia lambia – giardiasis
- 10. STRUCTURE – tissue grading
- 11. • Ostia / oscula • Collar cells / COLLOBLASTS • Spicules – scleroblasts (CaCO3) exoskeleton • Water canal system – no pumping system • LAYERS 1. PINACODERM 2. MESENCHYME (MESOHYLE) 3. CHOANODERM
- 12. CHOANOCYTES Inner layer cells AMEBOCYTES phagocytic MYOCYTES contractile SCLEROBLASTS Forms spicules THESOCYTES storage ARCHAEOCYTES totipotent
- 13. TYPES OF SPONGES • ASCANOID – leucosolenia, Olynthus • SYCANOID – sycon • LEUCANOID – leucilla, stellata, oscarella • RHAGON – spongilla
- 14. LARVAE • AMPHIBLASTULA – sycon • PARENCHYMULA – leucosolenia • RHAGON – spongilla
- 15. SYCON – urn / crown sponge
- 17. HYALONEMA – glass rope sponge
- 18. HILOCHONDRIA – bread crumb sponge
- 19. CLIONA – boring sponge
- 20. CHALINA – dead man’s finger
- 21. Euspongia / spongilla – fresh water sponge
- 22. PHYLUM : COELENTERATA / CNIDARIA
- 23. TISSUE ORGANISATION BODY WALL ECTODERM MESOGLIA Ganglia - nervous ENDODERM
- 24. Nematocyst/ cnidoblast/ stinging cells
- 26. TYPES • HYDRAZOA – hydra ( fresh water polyp) , obelia (sea fur)
- 27. • Scyphazoa – Aurelia (jelly fish) • Anthazoa – mesenteries . Metridium, adamsia (sea anemone)
- 28. LARVAE • HYDRA – hydrula • OBELIA – planula • Aurelia – hydratuba /ephyra (ephyrula)/ scyphistoma (scyphula)
- 29. Sea pansy – RENILLA
- 30. Portuguese man of war – PHYSALIA
- 31. Sea fan – GORGONIA
- 32. Sea pen - PENNATULA
- 33. Red coral – CORALLIUM
- 34. Pipe coral – TUBIPORA
- 35. Brain coral – DIPLORIA
- 36. Sea wasp – CHIROPSALMUS
- 37. Sea walking stick - VIRGULARIA
- 39. • Sea walnuts • Comb jellies • Sea gooseberries • Bioluminescence • 8 chitin comb plates • Exclusively marine
- 40. ORGANS OF EQUILIBIRIUM / BALANCE • Lasso cells of colloblast • Balancer cilia • Statolith in statocyst
- 41. MEMBERS OF THE PHYLUM • Ctenoplana • Pleurobrachia • NUDA – BEROE – sea thimble / sea mitre / swimming cat • TENTACULATA – CESTUM – venus girdle • Larva : CYDDIPID
- 42. CESTUM – venus girdle
- 43. BEROE – sea thimble/ sea mitre
- 44. PHYLUM : PLATYHELMINTHES தட்டைப் புழுக்கள்
- 45. • Tripbloblastic – ectoderm + mesoderm + endoderm • Acoelomates • Flame cells / protonephridia / solenocytes / potato cells • MEHLI’S GLANDS – reproduction
- 47. CLASSIFICATION • TURBELLARIA – planaria (dugesia) - total regeneration • TREMATODA – flukes • CESTODA - tapeworms
- 48. TREMATODA (flukes) • FASCIOLA HEPATICA – liver fluke • SCHISTOSOMA HEMATOBIUM – blood fluke • FASCIOLOPSIS BUSKI – intestinal fluke • CHLONORCHIS SINENSIS – Chinese liver fluke
- 49. CESTODA ( tapeworms) • TAENIA SOLIUM – pork tapeworm • TAENIA SAGINATA – beef tapeworm
- 50. LARVAE • M – miracidium • R – redia • S – sporocyst • C – cercaria • M – metacercaria • C – cysticercus • H – hexacanth • O – oncosphere • G - gotte’s larva • C – cephalotrocha • M – Muller’s larva “MRS. Chemistry Mayil teaches CHO we became Great CM” T R E M A T O D A T U R B E L L A R I A CESTODA
- 51. PHYLUM : ASCHELMINTHES NEMATHELMINTHES / NEMATODA உருடைப் புழுக்கள்
- 52. • Cuticle – syncytial epidermis • Pesudocoelomates • Sexes are separate • Tubular pharynx and GIT • RENETTE CELLS / COBB CELLS sphincter (analogous)
- 53. Ascaris lumbricoides (round worm)
- 54. Trichuris trichura (whip worm)
- 55. Enterobius vermicularis (pin / seat worm)
- 56. Loa loa (eye worm)
- 57. Ancylostoma duodenale [old] Necator americanus [new] (Hook worms)
- 58. Wuchereria bancrofti [TN] Brugia malayi [KL] (filarial worms) • L3 microfilaria • Female culex mosquito
- 59. Dracunculus medinensis (guinea / serpent worm)
- 60. LARVAE • HOOKWORM – filariform / rhabtidiform • FILARIAL WORM – microfilaria (L3)
- 61. PHYLUM : ANNELIDA வரிப் புழுக்கள்
- 62. • Cephalisation – first brain • Metamerically segmented • Monoecious Pseudohermaphrodites – PROTANDRY • MONOECIOUS vs DIOECIOUS vs HERMAPHRODITE • LARVA : TROCHOPHORE
- 64. CHLOROGOGEN CELLS • Yellow cells • Analogous to HUMAN LIVER • Excretion /metabolism / detoxification • Pharynx • Analogous to HUMAN SALIVARY GLANDS CHROMOPHIL CELLS
- 65. ANNELIDA POLYCHETA Nereis (sand /rug /clam) PARAPODIA OLIGOCHETA (Phertima,lampito, megasolex,dravida) Body setae – locomotion Penial setae – copulation HIRUDINIA Leech Hirudin Suckers ectoparasites
- 66. ARENICOLA – lug worm
- 67. ODONTOSYLLIS – FIRE WORM
- 68. APHRODITE – sea mouse
- 70. • Largest phylum • Jointed legs • Chitin exoskeleton • OMMATIDIA – compound eye • OCELLI – simple eye • Moulting of ecdysis (ECDYSONE) • Paurometablolic metamorphosis • Hemolymph
- 71. “Our Captain Mahi Is Awesome” • ONYCHOPHORA – peripatus (connecting link – annelida / arthropoda) • CRUSTACEA – crab, prawn (green glands / antennal glands) • MYRIAPODA – centipede, millipede • INSECTA – 6 legged • ARACHNIDA – 8 legged, cephalothorax
- 72. REPRODUCTIVE GLANDS • COLLATERIAL GLANDS – females • MUSHROOM GLANDS / PHALLIC GLANDS – males • “Boys usually have mushroom cuts”
- 73. CORPORA ADIPOSA CELLS • OENOCYTES • MYCETOCYTES • URATE CELLS • TROPHOCYTES FUNCTIONS • Moulting • Houses symbiotic bacteria • Excretion • Storage
- 74. FALSE FISHES CRAY FISH (ASTACUS) SILVER FISH (LEPISMA)
- 75. LARVAE • PRAWN • CRAB • SILKWORM (BOMBYX) • HONEY BEE(APIS) • HOUSEFLY (MUSCA) • ANOPHELES, CULEX • Nauplius • Zoe • Chrysalis • Grub • Maggots • wriggler
- 77. • 2nd largest phylum • Mantle • Gill slits – CTINIDIA • Perioral rasping organs – RADULA • Chemoreceptors – OSPHARIDIUM • KEBER’S ORGAN OF BOJANUS - excretion • HEMOCYANIN • INK / MANTLE GLANDS – smoke screen – protective camouflage
- 78. MOLLUSCA GASTROPODA Pila (apple snail) CEPHALOPODA Sepia(cuttle fish) Loligo(squid,sea arrow) Octopus(devil fish) BIVALVIA Unio(fresh water mussel) Mytilus(sea water mussel) Pinctada(pearl oyster)
- 79. DENTALIUM – elephant tusk shell
- 80. PTEROPOD – sea butterfly
- 81. CHITON – sea mica
- 82. DORIS – sea lemon
- 83. EOLIS – sea slug
- 84. APLYSIA – sea hare
- 85. LARVAE • DENTALIUM – loven’s larva • UNIO – glochidium, veliger
- 87. • Water vascular system – circulation • Tube feet – locomotion • Oral groove – ingestion and excretion • Ambulacral grooves – digestion and nutrition • LARVA : BIPINNARIA
- 89. ANTEDON – sea lily
- 90. GORGONOCEPHALUS – basket fish
- 91. ASTERIAS – star fish
- 92. ECHINUS – sea urchin
- 94. • Proboscis glands • TORNARIA LARVA • Balanoglossus ( tongue worm / acorn worm)
- 96. • AMPHIOXUS (branchiostoma) – Lancet worm
- 98. • Tunicata • Atripore • Ascidian, doliolum, salpa • HERDMANIA – sea squirt • RETROGRESSIVE METAMORPHOSIS
- 99. TRUE CHORDATES
- 100. FISHES CYCLOSTOMATA (round mouthed, jawless fishes) • Ectoparasites • PETROMYZON – lampreys • MYXINE – hag fish CHONDREICHTYES • Cartilagenous fishes • Placoid scales • SCOLIODON – dog fish (shark) OSTEICHTHYES • Bony fishes • Ctenoid, cycloid scales • WEBERIAN OSSICLES – hearing and air bladder to amplify sound • Venous heart – 2 chambers • HIPPOCAMPUS ( SEA HORSE)
- 101. AMPHIBIANS • SINUS HEART – 3 chambers ( 2 atria + 1 ventricle+ 1 sinus venosus) • 10 pairs of cranial nerves only • NEOTENY – adult retaining fetal characters (slowing maturity) salamander in land -------- axolotl in water ( larval gills persists) • PEDOGENESIS (accelerated maturity)
- 102. REPTILES • Monocondylic skull • Only LIZARD (GINCKO) has vocal cords • All reptiles have 3 ½ chambers in heart (incompletely divided ventricles) • Except CROCODILE which has 4 chambers in heart
- 103. BIRDS • Uropigeal glands (preen glands) in tail – analogous to sebaceous glands of humans • Fused clavicle – FURCULA / WISHBONE / MERRY THROUGH BONE • SYRINX – voice box • Pneumatic bones
- 105. Disclaimer • These slides were prepared for the class room education purpose for students preparing for the NEET UG entrance examination for admission into MBBS in INDIAN MEDICAL COLLEGES • These information could be considered relevant from their point of view only • The author could not be held responsible for any unexpected errors in the contexts • Reader’s discretion is advised