The document provides an overview of the Mint Family (Lamiaceae), which contains over 6,900 species worldwide. It discusses the family's taxonomy and morphology, highlighting several genera found in the Philippines like Pogostemon, Plectranthus, and others. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution and centers of diversity in the Mediterranean and Africa. Several critically endangered species are listed. The document focuses on the diversity of the Lamiaceae family in the Philippines.
Characters of Apiaceae:
Stem fistular, leaves alternate, much dissected mostly decompound, sheathing leaf base; inflorescence umbel or compound umbel occasionally simple; flowers epigynous, pentamerous, regular rarely zygomorphic, hermaphrodite; calyx superior, pentafid or 0; corolla five, polypetalous, often inflexed; stamens 5; carpels 2; syncarpous, bicarpellary with 2 pendulous ovules; honey-disc surrounding the stigmas – stylopodium is present; fruit cremocarp; seeds endospermic and oily.
A. Vegetative characters:
Habit:
Plants are mostly herbs which may be annual, biennial or perennial, the herbs may be large (Bupleurum, Heracleum, Agelica) rarely shrubs with aromatic odour due to the presence of oil ducts. Pseudocarum climbs by means of its petioles which are very sensitive to contact.
Pteridophyta or Pteridophytes are Vascular Plants (also known as "seedless plants") that reproduce and disperse via spores. They do not produce either seeds or flowers.
Additional info:
+ Division Equisetophyta (horsetails & scouring rushes)
+ Division Psilotophyta (whisk ferns)
(This is our report in Botany 2.)
Made by: Sharmine Ballesteros (BS Biology 2A2-1)
Characters of Apiaceae:
Stem fistular, leaves alternate, much dissected mostly decompound, sheathing leaf base; inflorescence umbel or compound umbel occasionally simple; flowers epigynous, pentamerous, regular rarely zygomorphic, hermaphrodite; calyx superior, pentafid or 0; corolla five, polypetalous, often inflexed; stamens 5; carpels 2; syncarpous, bicarpellary with 2 pendulous ovules; honey-disc surrounding the stigmas – stylopodium is present; fruit cremocarp; seeds endospermic and oily.
A. Vegetative characters:
Habit:
Plants are mostly herbs which may be annual, biennial or perennial, the herbs may be large (Bupleurum, Heracleum, Agelica) rarely shrubs with aromatic odour due to the presence of oil ducts. Pseudocarum climbs by means of its petioles which are very sensitive to contact.
Pteridophyta or Pteridophytes are Vascular Plants (also known as "seedless plants") that reproduce and disperse via spores. They do not produce either seeds or flowers.
Additional info:
+ Division Equisetophyta (horsetails & scouring rushes)
+ Division Psilotophyta (whisk ferns)
(This is our report in Botany 2.)
Made by: Sharmine Ballesteros (BS Biology 2A2-1)
Derived from the word latex meaning juice in latin. sometimes called lactiferous cells or vessels from the latin word for milk, lac
According to origin simple laticifer derived from a single cell or union of cells.
Laticifers can be defined as a specialized cell or a row of such cells that secrete the milky fluid termed latex. The word laticifer is used as a general term to denote the various latex-secreting structures latex cell, latex vessel, latex duct, latex tube and laticiferous duct. The laticiferous duct is a cavity into which latex is secreted.
Brassicaceae or Cruciferae is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family.. The Brassicaceae family includes broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, kale, mustard (greens), and collards. Collectively, these crops are referred to as cole crops or crucifers
The Arum Family“
The diversity of Aroids”
Dr DON J SCOTT BERIN G BHMS(MD)
DEPARTMENT OF MATERIA MEDICA
WHITE MEMORIAL HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL
COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL VEEYANOOR, ATTOOR, K K DIST.
ORDER ASTERALES
Family compositae (Asteraceae)
It is the largest family among angiosperms, containing about 1,620 genera and 23,600 species
Distributation
The member belonging to this family are found in everywhere on the surface of the earth (Cosmopolitan) in each possible type of habitat .Most of them are herbaceous but form tropical regions ,In Pakistan it is represented by many genera few are given as follows.
Scientific Name: Helianthus annus
Local Name: Surij Muki
Family: AsteraceaeScientific Name: Helianthus tuberosus
Local Name: Hatichuk
Family: AsteraceaeScientific Name: Carthanus tinctorius
Local Name: Kusum
Family: AsteraceaeScientific Name: Carthamus oxycanthus
Local Name: Kantiari
Family: AsteraceaeScientific Name: Aertmisia absinthium
Local Name: Vilaiti afsantin
Family: Asteraceae
etc .
Maßnahmen gegen den Fachkräftemangel in Europa in den Bereichen Mathematik, Informatik, Naturwissenschaft und Technik: Warum eine Strategie der Inklusion entscheidend ist.
Wenn wir den massiven Fachkräftemangel in den MINT-Berufen (Mathematik, Informatik, Naturwissenschaft und Technik) in Europa lindern wollen, müssen wir schleunigst damit beginnen, mehr Frauen einzustellen. Und wir müssen dabei an einem Strang ziehen. Zur Optimierung des MINT-Talentepools durch größere Diversität bedarf es jedoch mehr als nur ein wenig zusätzlicher Mühe bei der Personalanwerbung. Vor allem gilt es, ein Klima der Inklusion zu schaffen, das die Einstellung und Bindung von Frauen in der MINT-Branche begünstigt. Gleichzeitig müssen Unternehmen die Beseitigung von Vorurteilen und Barrieren zur Priorität erheben und zur Chefsache erklären; Führungskräfte müssen aktive Unterstützung leisten und institutionelle Verantwortung übernehmen. Des Weiteren ist es von wesentlicher Bedeutung, Frauen in diesen Berufen ein besseres Mentoring zu bieten und die Diversität weiter zu erhöhen. Denn es steht eine ganze Menge auf dem Spiel – und das betrifft nicht nur Ihr Unternehmen, sondern die Zukunft der Branche in ganz Europa.
Als Pionier auf dem Gebiet der Personaldienstleistungen und der Erforschung von Arbeitnehmervorlieben bietet Kelly Services eine umfassende Analyse, die verdeutlicht, weshalb es so wichtig ist, gegen die Unterrepräsentation von Frauen in Europas MINT-Branche anzugehen. Dabei untersuchen wir auch, welche Faktoren Unternehmen berücksichtigen müssen, um diese Spezialistinnen langfristig zu binden.
Neben der Analyse von Arbeitnehmervorlieben und psychographischen Einblicken auf Grundlage der Umfrageergebnisse aus dem Kelly Global Workforce Index von 2014 und 2015 werden in diesem Bericht auch Erkenntnisse aus der Kelly Free Agent Research-Studie von 2015 und sekundären Quellen berücksichtigt. Sofern nicht anders angegeben, stammen alle Statistiken aus aktuellen Arbeitsmarktstudien von Kelly.
Derived from the word latex meaning juice in latin. sometimes called lactiferous cells or vessels from the latin word for milk, lac
According to origin simple laticifer derived from a single cell or union of cells.
Laticifers can be defined as a specialized cell or a row of such cells that secrete the milky fluid termed latex. The word laticifer is used as a general term to denote the various latex-secreting structures latex cell, latex vessel, latex duct, latex tube and laticiferous duct. The laticiferous duct is a cavity into which latex is secreted.
Brassicaceae or Cruciferae is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family.. The Brassicaceae family includes broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, kale, mustard (greens), and collards. Collectively, these crops are referred to as cole crops or crucifers
The Arum Family“
The diversity of Aroids”
Dr DON J SCOTT BERIN G BHMS(MD)
DEPARTMENT OF MATERIA MEDICA
WHITE MEMORIAL HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL
COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL VEEYANOOR, ATTOOR, K K DIST.
ORDER ASTERALES
Family compositae (Asteraceae)
It is the largest family among angiosperms, containing about 1,620 genera and 23,600 species
Distributation
The member belonging to this family are found in everywhere on the surface of the earth (Cosmopolitan) in each possible type of habitat .Most of them are herbaceous but form tropical regions ,In Pakistan it is represented by many genera few are given as follows.
Scientific Name: Helianthus annus
Local Name: Surij Muki
Family: AsteraceaeScientific Name: Helianthus tuberosus
Local Name: Hatichuk
Family: AsteraceaeScientific Name: Carthanus tinctorius
Local Name: Kusum
Family: AsteraceaeScientific Name: Carthamus oxycanthus
Local Name: Kantiari
Family: AsteraceaeScientific Name: Aertmisia absinthium
Local Name: Vilaiti afsantin
Family: Asteraceae
etc .
Maßnahmen gegen den Fachkräftemangel in Europa in den Bereichen Mathematik, Informatik, Naturwissenschaft und Technik: Warum eine Strategie der Inklusion entscheidend ist.
Wenn wir den massiven Fachkräftemangel in den MINT-Berufen (Mathematik, Informatik, Naturwissenschaft und Technik) in Europa lindern wollen, müssen wir schleunigst damit beginnen, mehr Frauen einzustellen. Und wir müssen dabei an einem Strang ziehen. Zur Optimierung des MINT-Talentepools durch größere Diversität bedarf es jedoch mehr als nur ein wenig zusätzlicher Mühe bei der Personalanwerbung. Vor allem gilt es, ein Klima der Inklusion zu schaffen, das die Einstellung und Bindung von Frauen in der MINT-Branche begünstigt. Gleichzeitig müssen Unternehmen die Beseitigung von Vorurteilen und Barrieren zur Priorität erheben und zur Chefsache erklären; Führungskräfte müssen aktive Unterstützung leisten und institutionelle Verantwortung übernehmen. Des Weiteren ist es von wesentlicher Bedeutung, Frauen in diesen Berufen ein besseres Mentoring zu bieten und die Diversität weiter zu erhöhen. Denn es steht eine ganze Menge auf dem Spiel – und das betrifft nicht nur Ihr Unternehmen, sondern die Zukunft der Branche in ganz Europa.
Als Pionier auf dem Gebiet der Personaldienstleistungen und der Erforschung von Arbeitnehmervorlieben bietet Kelly Services eine umfassende Analyse, die verdeutlicht, weshalb es so wichtig ist, gegen die Unterrepräsentation von Frauen in Europas MINT-Branche anzugehen. Dabei untersuchen wir auch, welche Faktoren Unternehmen berücksichtigen müssen, um diese Spezialistinnen langfristig zu binden.
Neben der Analyse von Arbeitnehmervorlieben und psychographischen Einblicken auf Grundlage der Umfrageergebnisse aus dem Kelly Global Workforce Index von 2014 und 2015 werden in diesem Bericht auch Erkenntnisse aus der Kelly Free Agent Research-Studie von 2015 und sekundären Quellen berücksichtigt. Sofern nicht anders angegeben, stammen alle Statistiken aus aktuellen Arbeitsmarktstudien von Kelly.
Malpighiaceae luonanthaceae Ochnaceae Flacourtiaceae O Monilophytes G.pdfmumnesh
Malpighiaceae luonanthaceae Ochnaceae Flacourtiaceae O Monilophytes Gymnosperms O
Basal Angiosperms Monocots Basal Eudicots Asterids Rosids All Plots Escaloniacea
Pittosporaceae Araliaceae Caprifoliaceae Adoxaceae Garry aceae Rubiaceae Apocynaceae
Solution
There are 7 groups present in the legend around the phylogeny.Monophyletic taxon is one that
include a group of organism desecended from a single ancestor.A monophyletic taxon is called a
clade.Monophyletic groups are important to understand how animals are classified. It is
commonly known that all animals evolved over time.
The monophyletics in the legends are Cyatheaceae Commonly known as the scaly tree
ferns,Poaceae,Arecaceae are a botanical family of perennial climbers, shrubs, acaules and trees
commonly known as palm tree,Liliaceae are mostly perennial herbs from starchy rhizomes,
corms, or bulbs comprising about 280 genera and 4,000 species. earthworms, birds, and snakes
all have a common ancestor. Since all these organisms share a common ancestor, they also share
a synapomorphy, which is that earthworms, birds, and snakes all reproduce sexually. These are
all come under phylogeny of monophyletic..
The Fabaceae or Leguminosae, commonly known as the legume, pea, or bean family, are a large and economically important family of flowering plants. It includes trees, shrubs, and perennial or annual herbaceous plants, which are easily recognized by their fruit and their compound, stipulate leaves.
Cosmopolitan, but most adundantly in tropical and subtropical region,
but a few are distributed in temperate regions.
Leaves-Simple, entire, opposite decussate or alternate (Thevetia) or in whorls of 3.
Flower: Bisexual, actinomorphic, bracteate, bracteolate,
pentamerous, hypogynous.
Stamens as many as corolla lobes, inserted at their throat and alternate with them.
Gynoecium: Usually bicarpellary. The ovaries are two in number, distinctly separate but with a common
style and stigma.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
3. Lamiaceae, also called Labiatae, is the mint
family of flowering plants.
The enlarged Lamiaceae family contains
about 239 genera and 6,900 to 7,200 species,
the largest family of the order Lamiales.
4. The family was established by De Jussieu in
1789 as the order Labiatae. The name
Labiatae alludes to the flowers typically
having petals fused into an upper and lower
lip, the flower thus having an open mouth!
Although Labiatae is an acceptable, alternate
name, botanists more often use Lamiaceae
after the genus Lamium.
5. The majority of the Family Lamiaceae are
annual or perennial herbs. The plants are
frequently aromatic in all parts and contain
volatile oils. The family includes many widely
used culinary herbs, such as basil, mint,
rosemary, sage, savory, marjoram, oregano,
thyme, lavender, and perilla. Some are
shrubs, trees, such as teak, or rarely, vines.
6. Philippine Diversity of the Family Lamiaceae
Morphology
and
Anatomy
Taxonomy Diversity
Importance
and
Conservation
8. Members of the family Lamiaceae are mostly
annual or perennial herbs or shrubs with opposite
leaves, when crushed the foliage usually emitting
various, mostly pleasant odors.
The stems are usually square, especially when
young, erect or procumbent (lying on the ground).
Life cycles of the herbaceous members may be
annular or perennial.
Stem of a member of
Lamiaceae
9. The leaves are opposite or whorled,
decussate and gland-dotted.
The leaves are often strongly aromatic due to
ethereal oils located in the glandular hairs.
The leaf blades are simple, rarely pinnately
lobed (Teucrium) or digitately compound
(Cedronella, Vitex), with entire or toothed
margins.
10. Flowers usually abundant and quite attractive,
with the sepals and corollas variously united.
Arranged in compact axillary cymes
(verticillasters) or are sometimes single in the
axils of the leaves. Sometimes the
inflorescences are congested as in
Pycnostachys.
Usually zygomorphic, rarely actinomorphic.
11. Calyx 2-lipped or not and are usually
persistent with 5 teeth or lobes.
Corollas strongly 2-lipped (labiate, hence the
family name), rarely 1-lipped.
Stamens 2 or4(didynamous), epipetalous
Ovaries superior, deeply 4-lobed, rarely not,
with the style mostly arising from the middle of
the 4 lobes.
12. Fruit comprised of 4 nutlets, although some of
these are not maturing, each containing a
single seed. It may also be a drupe with 1-4
pyrenes, subtended by or enclosed within a
persistent calyx.
The outer surface of the nutlets may be
smooth or rugose (wrinkled). Occasionally the
nutlets are winged (Tinnea).
http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantklm/lamiaceae.htm
15. Lamiaceae
(239)
Ajugoideae (27)
Lamioideae (61)
Nepetoideae (109)
Elsholtzieae (5)
Mentheae (69)
Ocimeae (34)
Prostantheroideae
(17)
Chloantheae (10)
Westringeae (7)
Scutellarioideae (5)
Symphorematoideae
(3)
Viticoideae (7)
Number in parentheses
indicates number of genera.
http://www.ars-grin.gov/
16. The family is divided into several subfamilies and tribes of
which subfamily Nepetoideae has the most genera.
The largest genera are Salvia (900), Scutellaria (360),
Stachys (300), Plectranthus (300), Hyptis (280), Teucrium
(250), Vitex, (250) Thymus (220), and Nepeta (200).
The Lamiaceae is closely related to the family
Verbenaceae. Several recent, phylogenetic studies have
shown that some genera classified in Verbenaceae
belong, however, in Lamiaceae, for example, Vitex and
Clerodendrum.
17. Salvia is the largest
genus of the family,
representing ± 1,000
species, differing
remarkably in their
morphology.
Flowers of Salvia officinalis
18. List of Genera
Acanthomintha· Achyrospermum· Acinos ·
Acrocephalus· Acrotome· Acrymia· Adelosa·
Aegiphila· Aeollanthus · Agastache· Ajuga·
Ajugoides· Alajja· Alvesia· Amasonia·
Amethystea· Anisochilus· Anisomeles·
Archboldia · Asterohyptis· Ballota
http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/genera/lamiaceaegen.html
27. Distribution
The family has a cosmopolitan
distribution.The main centre of diversity is the
Mediterranean region to central Asia.
Members are found in tropical and temperate
regions.
28. About 60 genera with ± 980 species occur in
the Sub-Saharan African region (Klopper et
al. 2006). In South Africa, there are ± 255
species in 35 genera. The species occur
predominantly in the summer rainfall areas,
but are also found in the winter rainfall areas.
The habitats vary to a great extent. The
species inhabit not only dry, often rocky,
woodland or grassland, but also occur along
forest margins and in fynbos.
29. Specimen and observational data for Lamiaceae
from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility Network
33. Pogostemon cablin
P. cablin syn. P. patchouli
Native to Malaysia and the Philippines, Patchouli
is now cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical
regions around the world.
Patchouli has been used extensively in Asian
medicine, apperaring in the Chinese, Indian and
Arabic traditions.
The oil is widely employed as a fragrance and, in
India, as an insect repellent. Patchouli is used in
herbal medicine in Asia as an aphrodisiac,
antidepressant and antiseptic.
It is also employed for headaches and fever.
Patchouli essential oil is used in aromatherapy
to treat skin complaints. It is thought to have a
regenerative effect on skin tone and to help clear
conditions such as eczema and acne. The oil
may also be used for varicose veins and
hemorrhoids.