This document describes a nano-tech regenerative fuel cell that uses carbon nanotubes for onboard hydrogen storage. Hydrogen is fed into a fuel cell where it reacts with oxygen to produce electricity and water. The water is then electrolyzed to regenerate hydrogen, making this a renewable system. Integrating nanotechnology allows for easier hydrogen storage and higher fuel cell efficiency compared to internal combustion engines. This nano-tech regenerative fuel cell provides a pollution-free way to power vehicles.

1. NANO-TECH REGENERATIVE
FUEL CELL
SUBMITTED BY
SUBHRASREE DE
4th
yr electrical
NETAJI SUBHAS ENGG COLLEGE
Department of electrical
ENGINEERING

2. ABSTRAC
T
● Integration of NANO TECHNOLOGY and REGENERATIVE
FUEL CELL provides a better way for using hydrogen as a
fuel.
● By using this fuel cell with nano tech we can easily onboard
the hydrogen storage equipment on automobiles and it will
give more power without any harmful emissions.
● Water is obtained as a byproduct from fuel cell.
● Hydrogen is regenerated from the byproduct (water).
● Maximum efficiency will be obtained than internal
combustion engines.

3. INTRODUCTION
 NANO-TECH REGENERATIVE FUEL CELL refers to the effective
production of power in automobiles without undergoing into
combustion. It will overcome all the problems which are being faced
today.
 The integration of nanotechnology and fuel cell will lead to a new era in
alternative fuels. Nanotechnology is providing a key to improving the
fuel cell performance.
 We provide "Cooler, Cleaner, Greener" power and energy solutions that
also include "Pollution Free Power" and "Carbon Free Energy" systems,
and all provide "Renewable Energy Credits."
 The regenerative PEM fuel cell system that is combined with solar cells
can continuously produce electricity.

4. LAYOUT OF REGENERATIVE FUEL
CELL

5. FUEL CELL
 A fuel cell is an electrochemical conversion device. It produces
electricity from fuel (on the anode side) and an oxidant (on the
cathode side), which react in the presence of an electrolyte.
 In a fuel cell the fuel is also oxidized but the resulting energy takes
the form electricity.
 Anode side:
2H2  4H+ + 4e-
Cathode side:
O2 + 4H+ + 4e-  2H2O
Net reaction:
2H2 + O2  2H2O

6. FUEL CELL

7. CARBON NANOTUBES
 Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are allotropes of carbon with a
cylindrical nanostructure.
 since the diameter of a nanotube is on the order of a few
nanometers (approximately 1/50,000th of the width of a
human hair)
 The chemical bonding of nanotubes is composed entirely of
sp2 bonds, similar to those of graphite.

It also makes the onboard hydrogen storage easier.

8. CARBON NANOTUBES

9. NANO COMPOSITE
MATERIAL

10. REGENERATION OF
HYDROGEN
 The BY-PRODUCT from the fuel cell(water) is used to
regenerate the fuel
 A reversible fuel cell can accomplish “Electrolysis" through
the supply of electricity to the cell
 This allows one to consider the completely renewable
production of electricity by using a renewable energy supply
(e.g., solar, wind) to produce hydrogen and oxygen from
water.
 REGENERATION
2H2O(l) 2H2(g) + O2(g)→

11. REGENERATION BY ELECTROLYSIS

12. WORKING
 Hydrogen from carbon nanotube is entered into the fuel cell.
 Hydrogen reacts with oxygen in polymer electrolyte membrane and
the chemical energy is produced.
 In fuel cell, chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.
O2 + 4H+ + 4e-  2H2O 2H2  4H+ + 4e-
 Electrolysis of water is the decomposition of water (H2O) into
oxygen (O2) and hydrogen gas (H2) due to an electric current
being passed through the water.
 Water is obtained from the reaction.
 The byproduct water is used to regenerate the hydrogen by the
process of electrolysis.
2H2O(l) 2H2(g) + O2(g)→

13. OvERvIEW Of PROTOTYPE NANOTECh
REGENERATIvE fuEL CELL vEhICLE

14. FUEL CELL VEHICLE

15. BENEfITS
 High Power Densities
 Onboard storage of Hydrogen
 Pollution free power
 Efficiency is high, when compare with I.C.engine
 Low Operating Temperatures and Pressures
 Site Flexibility
 Eco-friendly
 Quick Response to Load Variations

16. conclusion
 The NANOTECH REGENERATIVE FUEL CELLS provides solutions
for the problems, which are effectively in internal combustion
engines.
 Here, developments in fuel cells are making it useful in ultimate
ways.
 It concludes that our environment and renewable resources will be
preserve.
 It will lead to a new evolution in automobiles.

17. bibliography
 NANO The Essentials,Tata McGraw-Hill Publishers- T.PRADEEP
 ENERGY SOURCES Khanna Publishers- G.D.RAI
 "Batteries, Supercapacitors, and Fuel Cells: Scope
 "Efficiency of Hydrogen PEFC, Diesel-SOFC-Hybrid and Battery
Electric Vehicles" (PDF). 2003-07-15
 "Fuel Cell Basics: Benefits". Fuel Cells 2000
 "Chemical Could Revolutionize Polymer Fuel Cells". Georgia
Institute of Technology
 http://www.nasa.gov/glenn/
 . Laurenczy, C. Fellay, P. J. Dyson, Hydrogen production from
formic acid