Hello friends i am BSc Nursing intern.This presentation of mine covers almost each and every aspect related to swine flu.Hope it will help you to increase your knowledge regarding the topic.Looking forward to your feedback.Thank you
coronavirus disease (COVID-19),origin,epidemiology,risk factors and causes,mode of transmission,pathophysiology,signs and symptoms,management,comlication,preventive measures
Swine flu is a respiratory disease. It is caused by the influenza viruses that infect the respiratory tract of pigs. It can lead to symptoms such as a barking cough, decreased appetite, nasal secretions, and listless behaviour; the virus can be transmitted to humans. The Swine flu vaccination or H1N1 vaccination is crucial to provide immunity against swine flu.
The new virus has made the jump from pigs to humans and has demonstrated it can also pass from human to human. This is why it is demanding so much attention from health authorities. The virus passes from human to human like other types of flu, either through coughing, sneezing, or by touching infected surfaces, although little is known about how the virus acts on humans.
coronavirus disease (COVID-19),origin,epidemiology,risk factors and causes,mode of transmission,pathophysiology,signs and symptoms,management,comlication,preventive measures
Swine flu is a respiratory disease. It is caused by the influenza viruses that infect the respiratory tract of pigs. It can lead to symptoms such as a barking cough, decreased appetite, nasal secretions, and listless behaviour; the virus can be transmitted to humans. The Swine flu vaccination or H1N1 vaccination is crucial to provide immunity against swine flu.
The new virus has made the jump from pigs to humans and has demonstrated it can also pass from human to human. This is why it is demanding so much attention from health authorities. The virus passes from human to human like other types of flu, either through coughing, sneezing, or by touching infected surfaces, although little is known about how the virus acts on humans.
What is influenza ,ethology ,types ,presentations signs and symptoms ,epidemic influenza ,laboratory investigations , management , the WHO guidelines in dealing with cases and contact
Rabies is a viral disease that causes acute encephalitis
(inflammation of the brain) in warm blooded animals. Rabies is a zoonotic disease (a disease that is transmitted to humans from animals) that is caused by a virus
General principles and epidemiology of airborne diseases. Most of the airborne diseases are vaccine preventable. Overall mortality due to airborne diseases is increased due to Covid 19. Quality of air is important in case of airborne infections.
What is influenza ,ethology ,types ,presentations signs and symptoms ,epidemic influenza ,laboratory investigations , management , the WHO guidelines in dealing with cases and contact
Rabies is a viral disease that causes acute encephalitis
(inflammation of the brain) in warm blooded animals. Rabies is a zoonotic disease (a disease that is transmitted to humans from animals) that is caused by a virus
General principles and epidemiology of airborne diseases. Most of the airborne diseases are vaccine preventable. Overall mortality due to airborne diseases is increased due to Covid 19. Quality of air is important in case of airborne infections.
Swine flu, also known as H1N1 virus and pig flu, is fast spreading and very infectious. A lot of cases have been registered lately not only in India but all over the world and it is very important to be informed about this infection.
The H1N1 flu, sometimes called swine flu, is a type of influenza A virus.
During the 2009-10 flu season, a new H1N1 virus began causing illness in humans. It was often called swine flu and was a new combination of influenza viruses that infect pigs, birds and humans.
The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the H1N1 flu to be a pandemic in 2009. That year the virus caused an estimated 284,400 deaths worldwide. In August 2010, WHO declared the pandemic over. But the H1N1 flu strain from the pandemic became one of the strains that cause seasonal flu.
Swine influenza has many names like swine flu, pig influenza, pig flu and hog flu.Swine flu is an infection in pigs which is caused by any one of the swine influenza viruses.This infection got the name Swine flu because the first outbreak was seen mainly in people associated with pigs.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
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2. Introduction Swine flu (swine Influenza) is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza that regularly cause outbreaks of influenza among pigs. Swine influenza (also called swine flu, hog flu, and pig flu) is an infection by any one of several types of swine influenza virus. It is pandemic flu. Its first case was detected in United states.
3. Swine flu in India According to mass media the first cases of swine [h1N1] flu in India was found in Maharashtra and the reality is this that it was carried by the persons staying in the infected countries. From then till now, many a peoples were infected by this hazardous disease and just because this virus frequently travels in air and affects through respiratory system, most of all India is now became infected by this virus….
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5. In1918,its first case was detected. In 1918 pandemic received its nickname "Spanish flu“ .Recently, it has re-appeared in April,2009 in United States, and another countries like India, Mexico, Canada etc.
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8. SWINE FLU VIRUS
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12. They are dressed in such a way that their whole body is covered, therefore less chances of getting infection.
15. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS The symptoms of swine flu in people are similar to the symptoms of regular human flu and include shortness of breath,bodyaches,headache, chills and fatigue. Symptoms of swine flu are more severe than seasonal flu. Like seasonal flu, swine flu may cause a worsening of underlying chronic medical conditions.
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17. Sometimes people may become infected by touchingsomething with flu viruses on it and then touching their mouth or nose.
29. In children emergency warning signs that need urgent medical attention include: Fast breathing or trouble breathing Bluish or grey skin color Not drinking enough fluids Not waking up or not interacting Being so irritable that the child does not want to be held Flu-like symptoms improve but then return with fever and worse cough Fever with a rash
30. In adults, emergency warning signs that need urgent medical attention include: Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath Pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen Sudden dizziness Confusion Severe or persistent vomiting Severe symptoms like high fever and worsening of cough.
32. COMPLICATIONS Respiratory failure Pneumonia High fever leading to neurological problems Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance Fatalities are common in young
34. WHAT SHOULD I DO TO KEEP FROM GETTING THE FLU ? Wash your hands. Try to stay in good general health. Get plenty of sleep, be physically active, manage your stress. Drink plenty of fluids. Eat nutritious food. Try not to touch surfaces that may be contaminated with the flu virus. Avoid close contact with people who are sick.
35. WHAT SHOULD I DO TO KEEP FROM GETTING THE FLU ? SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 9 Avoid live animal markets, poultry and pig farms in affected countries 9Always maintain high levels of personal hygiene, especially before and after food preparation and in-out of toilets. Regular wash your hands 9 Cook pork thoroughly 9 Do not consume half-cooked pork 9 While in an affected region, seek immediate medical attention if you develop influenza-like symptoms. (High Fever, body pain, coughing and red nose)
47. IS IT SAFE TO EAT PORK ? XSwine influenza viruses does not spread by food. You cannot get swine influenza from eating pork or pork products. Eating properly handled and cooked pork products is safe.
48. TRAVEL HEALTH 9 WHO does not recommend any travel restrictions to areas experiencing outbreaks, including countries, which have reported, associated cases of human infection. 9 WHO does not, at present recommend the routine screening of travelers coming from affected areas.
49. Is there a vaccine for Pandemic Flu? Because the virus is new, there will be no vaccine ready to protect against pandemic flu. Vaccine against Swine Flu virus H1N1 needs at least 6-12 months to be produced. Seasonal flu vaccine or past flu immunization will not provide protection.
50. Vaccination Vaccine for human seasonal influenza does not protect against H1N1 swine flu viruses due to antigenic differences, but may provide partial protection against swine H3N2 virus A vaccine has been developed, tested, and now FDA approved and an increasing supply of doses are arriving at doctor's office and clinics to help prevent infections from the 2009 H1N1 strain of the flu.
51. Vaccination These vaccines either contain inactivated (killed) influenza virus, or weakened live virus that cannot cause influenza. The killed vaccine is injected, while the live vaccine is given as a nasal spray. Both these types of vaccine are usually produced by growing the virus in chicken eggs. Around three billion doses will be produced annually, with delivery from November 2009.
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55. TREATMENT INDICATIONS * Household close contacts (of confirmed, probable, or suspected case) at high-risk for complications of influenza + chronic medical conditions + aged ≥ 65 years + aged ≤ 5 years + pregnant women * School children or children in daycare at high-risk for complications of influenza (certain chronic medical conditions) who had close contact (face-to-face) with confirmed, probable, or suspected case
56. INDICATIONS * Any healthcare worker at high-risk for complications of influenza (persons with certain chronic medical conditions, elderly) working in area with confirmed swine influenza A (H1N1) cases, or who is caring for patients with any acute febrile respiratory illness * Non-high risk travelers to Mexico, first responders, or border workers who are working in areas with confirmed cases of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection
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58. DOSING OF ANTIVIRALS Zanamivir ( Relenza ) 10 mg (2 inhalations) once daily for adults and children ≥ 5 years old Oseltamivir( Tamiflu ) orally adults and children ≥ 13 years old - 75 mg once daily children aged 1-12 years - dose based on weight ≤ 15 kg 30 mg once daily 15-23 kg 45 mg once daily 23-40 kg 60 mg once daily > 40 kg 75 mg once daily
59. AYURVEDIC TREATMENT FOR SWINE FLU According to “baba ramdev” treatment for swine flu includes : INGREDIENTS : Take GILOY, one foot long branch and 7 leaves of TULSI. PROCEDURE : Mix it and collect juice of this mixture in a pot. Now boil the juice and drink it. This herbal juice increases our body’s resistance up to 3 times.
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62. NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES Educating themselves and their communities about the disease and its prevention. Each nurse must have capability to develop comprehensive plans and interventions to tackle the disease. Nurses should update their knowledge from time to time. Nursing superintendent should motivate and facilitate their staff to get pertinent information, clinical guidance and recommendations to handle disease. Follow strict standard infection control measures while attending the confirmed and suspected cases of swine flu. Isolating the suspected and confirmed cases. Nurse should prepare themselves not only for patients with illness but also for questions and concerns from public.
63. NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES Keep practicing same precautions. Instruct the clients for who are coughing and sneezing to wear mask, wiping down surfaces and frequent hand washing. Nurses should collect detailed history. Attend the suspected or confirmed client in isolated rooms. Nurses should protect themselves by personal protective equipments (PPE) like mask, gloves , gown and eye protection goggles while attending clients. Collect the sample for examination of suspected cases with caution. Nurses who are not using PPE should take antiviral drugs as prophylaxis. Nurses should be aware of plans of their institutions. Nurses should have knowledge of microbiology.