Erving Goffman was a Canadian-American sociologist born in 1922 in Alberta, Canada. He is considered one of the most influential microsociologists of the 20th century. Goffman studied chemistry and sociology at the University of Manitoba and the University of Toronto, receiving his PhD from the University of Chicago in 1953. He developed the theory of dramaturgy, likening social interaction to theatrical performance. He viewed individuals as actors who manage impressions through their performance and use of props, settings, and roles. Goffman made major contributions to the studies of the presentation of self, stigmatization, and total institutions with works like The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (1959) and A
Presentation of Erving Goffman`s dramaturgical approach.
SEMINAR FOR FIRST-YEAR PHD/EDD STUDENTS - FALL 2009 & WINTER 2010 University of Calgary
I will be happy to share the full text for this presentation if you need it. Contact me avatarnadezda@gmail.com
Presentation of Erving Goffman`s dramaturgical approach.
SEMINAR FOR FIRST-YEAR PHD/EDD STUDENTS - FALL 2009 & WINTER 2010 University of Calgary
I will be happy to share the full text for this presentation if you need it. Contact me avatarnadezda@gmail.com
this powerpoint presentation is for better understanding of Ethnomethodology. In this presentation ethnomethodology is compared with phenomenology and mainstream social science .the criticism of mainstream sociology by ethnomethodologist is also a part of the presentation. the last slide consist of criticism of enthomethodology
Symbolic Interactionism by George Herbert MeadAnne Cortez
This lecture discusses the Symbolic Interactionism theory of George Herbert Mead. It covers the following topics: interpersonal communication, symbolic interaction, and creation of the self.
it describes ethnomethodology as a method as well as a theory. This very concise and precise presentation helps one to understand the real meaning of ethnomethodology.
DRAMATURGICAL-THEORY.pptx (People are giving a performance, showing one of th...ejemjunrex
When an individual enters the presence of others, they commonly seek to acquire information about him or to bring into play information about him already possessed. They will be interested in his general socio-economic status, his conception of self, his attitude toward them, his competence, his trustworthiness, etc.
1- Discuss Cooley and his theory of socialization 2-Define the co.pdfinfo824691
1- Discuss Cooley and his theory of socialization ?
2-Define the concept of socialization in detail?
3- Discuss Goffman and his theory of socialization. Discuss four of the phrases he used in his
analysis of social structure.such as front stage ,back stage impression management
4- Discuss the concept of anticipatory socialization and relate it to your life on campus ?
Solution
Ans 1 :Cooley and his theory of socialization :
The looking-glass self is a social psychological concept, created by Charles Horton Cooley in
1902 (McIntyre 2006), stating that a person\'s self grows out of society\'s interpersonal
interactions and the perceptions of others. The term refers to people shaping their self-concepts
based on their understanding of how others perceive them. Cooley clarified that society is an
interweaving and inter-working of mental selves. The term \"looking glass self\" was first used
by Cooley in his work, Human Nature and the Social Order in 1902.
There are three main components of the looking-glass self:
1. First, we imagine how we must appear to others.
2. Second, we imagine the judgment of that appearance.
3. Finally, we develop our self through the judgments of others.
Ans 2 : Concept of socialization :
Socialisation is a term used by sociologists, social psychologists, anthropologists, political
scientists, and educationalists to refer to the lifelong process of inheriting and disseminating
norms, customs, values and ideologies, providing an individual with the skills and habits
necessary for participating within their own society. Socialization is thus \"the means by which
social and cultural continuity are attained\".
Socialisation describes a process which may lead to desirable outcomes—sometimes labeled
\"moral\"—as regards the society where it occurs. Individual views on certain issues, for instance
race or economics, are influenced by the society\'s consensus and usually tend toward what that
society finds acceptable or \"normal\". Many socio-political theories postulate that socialization
provides only a partial explanation for human beliefs and behaviors, maintaining that agents are
not blank slates predetermined by their environment; scientific research provides evidence that
people are shaped by both social influences and genes. Genetic studies have shown that a
person\'s environment interacts with his or her genotype to influence behavioral outcomes.
Ans 2 : Goffman and his theory of socialization :
Dramaturgy is a sociological perspective commonly used in microsociological accounts of social
interaction in everyday life. The term was first adapted into sociology from the theatre by Erving
Goffman, who developed most of the related terminology and ideas in his 1959 book,The
Presentation of Self in Everyday Life.
In dramaturgical sociology it is argued that the elements of human interactions are dependent
upon time, place, and audience. In other words, to Goffman, the self is a sense of who one is, a
dramatic effect emergin.
this powerpoint presentation is for better understanding of Ethnomethodology. In this presentation ethnomethodology is compared with phenomenology and mainstream social science .the criticism of mainstream sociology by ethnomethodologist is also a part of the presentation. the last slide consist of criticism of enthomethodology
Symbolic Interactionism by George Herbert MeadAnne Cortez
This lecture discusses the Symbolic Interactionism theory of George Herbert Mead. It covers the following topics: interpersonal communication, symbolic interaction, and creation of the self.
it describes ethnomethodology as a method as well as a theory. This very concise and precise presentation helps one to understand the real meaning of ethnomethodology.
DRAMATURGICAL-THEORY.pptx (People are giving a performance, showing one of th...ejemjunrex
When an individual enters the presence of others, they commonly seek to acquire information about him or to bring into play information about him already possessed. They will be interested in his general socio-economic status, his conception of self, his attitude toward them, his competence, his trustworthiness, etc.
1- Discuss Cooley and his theory of socialization 2-Define the co.pdfinfo824691
1- Discuss Cooley and his theory of socialization ?
2-Define the concept of socialization in detail?
3- Discuss Goffman and his theory of socialization. Discuss four of the phrases he used in his
analysis of social structure.such as front stage ,back stage impression management
4- Discuss the concept of anticipatory socialization and relate it to your life on campus ?
Solution
Ans 1 :Cooley and his theory of socialization :
The looking-glass self is a social psychological concept, created by Charles Horton Cooley in
1902 (McIntyre 2006), stating that a person\'s self grows out of society\'s interpersonal
interactions and the perceptions of others. The term refers to people shaping their self-concepts
based on their understanding of how others perceive them. Cooley clarified that society is an
interweaving and inter-working of mental selves. The term \"looking glass self\" was first used
by Cooley in his work, Human Nature and the Social Order in 1902.
There are three main components of the looking-glass self:
1. First, we imagine how we must appear to others.
2. Second, we imagine the judgment of that appearance.
3. Finally, we develop our self through the judgments of others.
Ans 2 : Concept of socialization :
Socialisation is a term used by sociologists, social psychologists, anthropologists, political
scientists, and educationalists to refer to the lifelong process of inheriting and disseminating
norms, customs, values and ideologies, providing an individual with the skills and habits
necessary for participating within their own society. Socialization is thus \"the means by which
social and cultural continuity are attained\".
Socialisation describes a process which may lead to desirable outcomes—sometimes labeled
\"moral\"—as regards the society where it occurs. Individual views on certain issues, for instance
race or economics, are influenced by the society\'s consensus and usually tend toward what that
society finds acceptable or \"normal\". Many socio-political theories postulate that socialization
provides only a partial explanation for human beliefs and behaviors, maintaining that agents are
not blank slates predetermined by their environment; scientific research provides evidence that
people are shaped by both social influences and genes. Genetic studies have shown that a
person\'s environment interacts with his or her genotype to influence behavioral outcomes.
Ans 2 : Goffman and his theory of socialization :
Dramaturgy is a sociological perspective commonly used in microsociological accounts of social
interaction in everyday life. The term was first adapted into sociology from the theatre by Erving
Goffman, who developed most of the related terminology and ideas in his 1959 book,The
Presentation of Self in Everyday Life.
In dramaturgical sociology it is argued that the elements of human interactions are dependent
upon time, place, and audience. In other words, to Goffman, the self is a sense of who one is, a
dramatic effect emergin.
48-110 (Foundations of Social Life) - Lesson Objectives:
1. Define the processes of socialization and resocialization;
2. Describe how we come to develop a social self;
3. Explain Goffman's theory of dramaturgy;
4. Identify the primary agents of socialization;
5. Relate examples of re/socialization that fall within the disciplinary field of criminology
SocializationWhat is SocializationSocializa.docxsamuel699872
Socialization
What is Socialization?
Socialization
Socialization is the lifelong process through which people learn attitudes, values and behaviors to a particular culture. Internalizing culture = socialization
In short, socialization is a constant learning process.
Socialization (or learning) is both formal and informal.
Formal: Police officers are formally taught in the academy.
Informal: Police officers learn informal behavior from the streets and their veteran partners.
Isolation & Socialization
Isolation: To cut off from groups and individuals.
To what extent was Isabelle cut off from others?
For her first 6 years, Isabelle lived in a dark room, a storage room.
Isabelle’s mother could not speak or hear.
Isabelle’s grandparents were ashamed and kept her hidden.
When found, Isabelle could not speak, laugh, cry or smile.
She had no verbal, and few non-verbal skills.
Isabelle’s case reveals that w/out social experience, an individual remains more of an object than a person.
Emotionless
Emotional
Socialization and Isolation
Note the cases of isolation with Genie and Danielle.
Such children have difficulty recovering from the lack of socialization.
Genie (13 years) was discovered by California authorities in 1970.
Genie had been kept in isolation since she was 20 months old.
In Plant City, Florida (2005), Danielle was discovered.
Danielle lived was in a trash-filled house, in a room filled with dirty diapers.
When found, she was almost 7 and weighed 46 pounds
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_IBGS1FQw4
Oprah update on Danielle
Danielle
Danielle & Socialization
Danielle represents the importance of socialization, the importance of social interaction.
Isolation raises questions of child abuse and ethics.
It is difficult to be socialized in a state of isolation.
What should be done with parents who isolate children?
Danielle & Genie reveal that w/out social experience, an individual remains more of an object than a person.
Babies Experimenting with Sound
Babies mimick what they hear even before they know any words.
See YouTube video “Talking Twin Babies – Part 2.”
Two 17-month-olds “talk” back and forth, saying little more than “da da da”.
They “talked” with expression, hand gestures, turn taking and laughter.
They knew what language sounded like.
They learned (socialization) through interaction with family, friends and others. Page 71…
Nature and Nurture
Nature: Human behavior is instinctive. Significance of Heredity.
Charles Darwin supports naturalistic explanations (instinctive human competitiveness).
Examples: People are born criminals, women are naturally emotional & men are naturally rational.
Nurture: Human behavior is learned.
John B Watson supports nurture; he developed a theory called behaviorism.
Behaviorism suggest that human behavior is learned, not instinctive.
Human behavior is shaped by people’s environments.
Nature/Nurture Interplay
What role does biology play in human development?.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2. Born in 1922 in Mannville, Alberta
From Ukrainian Jewish parents
From 1937 Goffman
attended St. John's
Technical High
School in Winnipeg
In 1939 he enrolled
at the University of
Manitoba,
majoring in
chemistry
Early 1940s – first
encountours with
sociology (Dennis
Wrong)
He interrupted his
studies and moved
to Ottawa to work
in the film industry
1945 – BA in
sociology and
anthropology
graduated at
University of Toronto
1949 – MA
1951 _ PhD in
sociology
1952 married Angelica Choate
3. 1958 Became a faculty member at the University of California in Berkley
1959 The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life
•He used the imagery of the theater to portray the importance of human and social
action
1961 Asylum: Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates
• examined the nature and effects of being hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital
1962 Full professor
1964 His wife commited suicide
1968 Received Benjamin Franklin Chair in Sociology and anthropology at the
university of Pennsylvania
1971
&
1974
Relations in Public (his ideas about everyday life, seen from a sociological
perspective
Frame Analysis (The study of the organization of social experiences)
1981 73rd president of American Sociological Association
Forms of Talk (includes five essays Each addresses both verbal and nonverbal
communication through a sociolinguistic model)
Goffman married sociolinguist Gillian Sankoff. The following year, their
daughter Alice was born
5. Goffman’s Prominent Theories
•Dramaturgy
•Self
•Impression management
•Interaction order
•Total institutions
•Symbolic interactions
-Emphasises the conscious involvement of the actor in social life
-Recognises that social contact is meaningful
-Identifies the need for understanding action in social situations
•Social stigma:
an attribute, behavior, or reputation which is socially discrediting in a particular way: it
causes an individual to be mentally classified by others in an undesirable, rejected
stereotype rather than in an accepted, normal one.
•Roles
•Gender
6. GOFFMAN, ERVING (1922–82)
the best known and most accessible micro sociologist.
Goffman’s approach centered on his analysis of dramaturgy
a view of social life as a series of dramatic performances, and he was
interested in how the self is shaped by the dramatic interactions between
social actors and their audiences.
Basic unit of
analysis
team
any set of individuals who
cooperate in staging a
single act or routine.
the ways in which people routinely monitor the presentation of their
selves – almost like actors on a stage – in social situations.
7. Stigma
when there is a gap between a
person's virtual social identity and
actual social identity.
emerges
Frames
rules that constrain social
action and function to
organize experience.
Central theme
impression
management
The techniques that social
actors use to maintain
particular images of
themselves when they
encounter problems during
interactions
We control the view the audience
have of us because we are worried
what they will think of us
8. Goffman's Books
The Presentation of
Self in Everyday Life
1959
Asylum
1961
Relations in
public 1971
Frame analysis
1974
Forms of Talk
1981
9. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life
Life is a dramatic performance
for us
We ‘perform’ for others.
We present a kind of ‘act’ to
them.
We perform differently in
different situations - and the
world is our ‘stage.
“Life itself is a dramatically enacted thing”
10. In social interactions, humans are actors on a stage playing
a performance for an audience. The only time that
individuals can be themselves and get rid of their role or
identity in society is backstage where no audience is present.
“The World is like a stage”
No matter where you are,
you always “put a mask” to
get where you want and to
be part of something.
11. Politeness developed by Brown and Levinson, who extended Goffman's
dramaturgical approach by proposing a heuristic of politeness strategies people
use to manage face-threatening acts
Face: How people manage their public identities.
Goffman Facework: The process by which people maintain face
Impression Management/ Self Presentation
Face Lose face: To have one's face invalidated by others
Have face: To have it sanctioned
When in the presence of others, one's face is always
on display and others will form impressions and
respond to these impressions
Cooperative
mechanism
Interaction
order
12. BACK STAGE OR REGION
In Erving Goffman’s dramaturgy
Back stage Front stage
Ex: In a restaurant, the kitchen is the back stage area in which waiters can joke,
mock customers and toy with the food. When they come through the door into
the restaurant’s front stage, they are supposed to slip effortlessly into the
controlled performance of the attentive waiter.
13. We present ‘ourselves’ in
six different ways:
Persona Performance staging teams role
Personal
style
14. Persona
“The aspect of someone’s character that is presented to or
perceived by others” or “a role or character adopted by an
author or an actor”
The different personality ‘masks’ we wear in
different situations, for different people.
Formal: Job interviews, meetings
These could include Informal: Being surrounded by friends,
Family: Parent, child, sibling, long
distant relative, etc.
Ex: For instance, the way we behave with our
family on a picnic is different to how we would
behave with prisoners if we worked as a Prison
Warden.
15. Performance
This refers to how we wear our persona or
personality mask.
for example: we could be deadly serious or
likewise laugh with joy.
Performance describes the extent to which the
core self is engaged in the act of self
presentation.
We might be ‘sincere’ in how we behave. We are
honest in what we say and do.
or
We might be ‘cynical’ – and not really believe in
our performance.
16. Staging/ Dramaturgy
Goffman insinuated that people could use
their surroundings when ‘staging’ our
performance of our personae.
What do we need for our ‘performance’?
1. A physical locations.
2. Props/objects.
3. Costume/uniform.
These form the context for our performance.
17. Teams
The group of people we associated in a
social interaction or likewise support in an
event/ circumstance1
Goffman’s suggested that our teams’ are the
company we enlist or support; our friends
and fellow actors
18. Role‘The function assumed or part played by a person or
thing in a particular situation’.
Our social role plays a massive part of the persona we
give off and the way we perform. It allows us to fit into
the social norms of society, through our primary and
secondary socialisation.
Roles could include; parent, child, sibling, friend,
enemy, teacher, etc.
He argued that we moved from role to role depending
on who we were speaking to, especially given the fact
we had to respect the social hierarchy.
This refers to the individual ‘jobs’ or
responsibilities we have in a ‘team’.
19. Personal style
Personal Style takes into account our own individual
styles. Rather than conforming to the social norms
of a situation or group.
“If we accept everything as it is, we would not leave
room for individuality”
Goffman argues, personal style acts as a glue that
ties and supports together all the rest of the elements
• Without personal style, our performance loses the
chance will have no fluidity and no confidence - we
would become ‘bad actors’
This is what makes you different to others
20. Unusual approach
Unsystematic collection
of his materials
(Small groups)
Insufficient detail to let
others check his
observations
Avoided theory but in
Frame Analysis he set
out the basis for a
systematic framework
Short comings