3. When 2 or more persons, group
meet, there will be a mutual
awareness & response between
them, both verbal & non-verbal.
Exchange of messages is carried
on through the medium of
language.
5. The process by which people act and react in relation to others.
(Maciones, 2011)
Social perception-It begins with how we perceive others. We interpret
their behavior, facial expressions, body language, and verbal
communication to form impressions about them. This perception is
influenced by our past experiences, cultural background, and personal
biases.
Social cognition- Our thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes about others
also play a crucial role in how we interact with them. These cognitive
processes guide our understanding of social norms, roles, and
expectations within different social contexts.
What is Social Interaction?
6. CONT.
• Emotional Responses: Emotions are an integral part of social interactions. We
experience a range of emotions such as empathy, compassion, jealousy, anger, and
happiness in response to the actions and words of others. These emotions influence
how we behave towards them.
• Behavioral Adaptation: Based on our perceptions and emotional responses, we
adapt our behavior accordingly.
• Social Influence: We are constantly influenced by the behaviors and opinions of
others. Social influence can occur through conformity, obedience, persuasion, and
social comparison.
• Relationship Dynamics: The process of acting and reacting in relation to others also
contributes to the formation and maintenance of relationships. Positive interactions
foster trust, cooperation, and intimacy, while negative interactions can lead to
conflict, distrust, and disengagement.
7. What is Social Interaction?
Social interaction
refers to the mutual inter
stimulation & response
between 2 or more persons and
groups through symbols,
language, gestures, &
expression of ideas.
(PANOPIO,1997)
8. 3 TYPES OF SOCIAL INTERACTION
1. Person to Person
2. Person to-group
3. Group-to-group
9. Social Structure
refers to social patterns that guide our behavior in everyday life.
Humans rely on social structure to make sense out of everyday situations.
11. STATUS…
In every society, people build their everyday lives using the idea of status.
A status is a social position that a person holds.
In everyday use, the word status generally means “prestige,” as when we say
that a college president has more “status” than a newly hired assistant professor.
But sociologically speaking, both “president” and “professor” are statuses, or
positions, within the collegiate organization.
Status is part of our social identity and helps define our relationship to others.
As Georg Simmel (1950:307, orig. 1902), one of the founders of sociology, once
pointed out, before we can deal with anyone, we need to know who the
person is.
12. STATUS SET
Each of us holds many statuses at once. T
he term status set refers to all the statuses a person holds at a given time.
A teenage girl may be a daughter to her parents, a sister to her brother, a
student at her school, and a goalie on her soccer
Status sets change over the life course. A child grows up to become a parent, a
student graduates to become a lawyer, and a single person marries to become
a husband or wife, sometimes becoming single again as a result of death or
divorce. Joining an organization or finding a job enlarges our status set;
withdrawing from activities makes it smaller. Over a lifetime, people gain and
lose dozens of statuses.
13. Sociologists classify statuses in terms of how people attain
them.
1. ascribed status
2. achieved status
3. master status
14. CLASSIFICATION OF STATUSES
oAn ascribed status is a social position a person receives
at birth or takes on involuntarily later in life.
o Examples of ascribed statuses include being a daughter, a Cuban,
a teenager, or a widower.
o Ascribed statuses are matters about which we have little or no
choice.
15. CLASSIFICATION OF STATUSES
oBy contrast, an achieved status refers to a social
position a person takes on voluntarily that reflects
personal ability and effort
oAchieved statuses include honors student, Olympic
athlete, nurse, software writer, and thief..
16. CLASSIFICATION OF STATUSES
o In the real world, most statuses involve a combination of
ascription and achievement.
o That is, people’s ascribed statuses influence the statuses they
achieve.
o People who achieve the status of lawyer, for example, are likely to
share the ascribed benefit of being born into relatively well-off
families. By the same, many less desirable statuses, such as criminal,
drug addict, or unemployed worker, are more easily achieved by
people born into poverty
22. CONT.
• Subjective Interpretations: subjective nature of human perception and
interpretation; interpret situations based on their own beliefs, values, experiences,
and cultural backgrounds.
• Perceived Reality: People act based on what they believe to be true about a
situation, even if their beliefs are based on misconceptions, biases, or incomplete
information.
24. CONT.
• Everyday Social Rules: Ethnomethodology looks at how people make sense of the world and
interact with each other in their daily lives. It's interested in the informal, unspoken rules that
govern social interactions, like how we know when to start and end a conversation, or how
to act in a classroom versus at a party.
• Making Sense of Social Life: Ethnomethodologists study how people make sense of the
world by observing how they interact with others. They're interested in understanding the
methods or strategies people use to interpret social situations and maintain social order,
even in the absence of explicit rules.
• Example: Imagine you're in a group conversation, and someone suddenly tells a joke.
Everyone laughs, and the conversation continues. Ethnomethodology would be interested in
how people in the group knew it was appropriate to laugh at the joke, how they signaled
their understanding and enjoyment, and how the conversation smoothly transitioned back
to its original topic.
34. RATIONALITY
People change their behaviour based upon reward.
Will they be better off or worse off if I enter in
interaction
• Cost/Benefits, needs for satisfication
35. RECIPROCITY
• Reciprocity-the most familiar principle of interaction
if every time I pay the bill, and you don’t, the behaviour will
be stopped.
• We adhere to the principle of fairness, rules should apply equally.
ie. Laws of supply and demand??
38. SOCIAL INTERACTION
• When you play a role, most of the time you have to interact with
others.
• Among the most common forms of social interaction are
• exchange,
• competition,
• conflict,
• cooperation,
• and accommodation.
39. EXCHANGE
• Whenever people interact in an effort
to receive a reward or a return for their
actions, an exchange has taken place.
• Dating, family life, friendship, and
politics all involve exchange.
• Reciprocity: the idea that if you do
something for someone, that person
owes you something in return – is the
basis of exchange.
• Your parents will say thank-you to you
for washing the dishes.
40. EXCHANGE
• Exchange theory: the volume of exchange in daily interactions has led to the
emergency of an exchange theory.
• Exchange theorists believe that people are motivated by self-interest in their interactions
with other people.
• In other words, people do things primarily for rewards.
41. COMPETITION
• Competition occurs when two or more
people or groups oppose each other to
achieve a goal that only one can attain.
• Competition is common of western
societies.
• Many believe that this is the
cornerstone to capitalism and the
democratic system.
• Advancement in business, school, and
sports in achieved through
competition.
• Can you list some positives and
negatives to competition.
42. CONFLICT
• Conflict is the deliberate attempt to
control a person by force, to oppose
someone, or to harm another person.
• Unlike competition, conflict has few
rules of conduct, and even these often
are ignored.
• There are four sources of conflict
• Wars, disagreements within groups,
legal disputes, and clashes over
ideology such as religion or politics.
• Conflict can be a positive thing; it can
lead to social changes by bringing
problems to the forefront or forcing
opposing sides to seek solutions.
43. COOPERATION
• Cooperation occurs when two or more
people or groups work together to
achieve a goal that will benefit more
than one person.
• Cooperation is a social process that
gets things done.
• No group can complete its tasks or
achieve its goals without cooperation
from its members.
• Competition may be used along with
cooperation to motivate members to
work harder for their group.
44. ACCOMMODATION
Accommodation is a state of balance
between cooperation and conflict.
Accommodation can take a number of
different forms, one of these is
compromise.
• Compromise
• Truce: brings a halt to the conflict, until
a compromise, can be reached.
• Arbitration: a third party makes a
decision that is binding on both parties.
• These types of interaction help to
ensure social stability.
