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APPROACHES TO PERSONALITY
- 1. APPROCHES TO PERSONALITY: TYPEAPPROACH NAME : MAHIMA SRIVASTAVA CLASS: B.Ed. SUBJECT : PHYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF EDUCATION
- 2. PERSONALITY ➢The word PERSONALITYMeans has its origin in the Greek verb Personare ➢The term personality has been derived from Latin word 'persona' which means a mask According to Cattell : ➢Personality as that which permits a prediction of what a person do in a given situation.
- 3. APPROACHES TO PERSONALITY TYPE APPROACH TRAIT APPROACH TRAITCUM TYPE APPROACH HUMANISTIC APPROACH • LEARNING APPROACH PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
- 4. TYPE THEORIES ANCIENT INDIAN TYPOLOGY HIPPOCRATE'S TYPOLOGY ERNT KRETSCHMER'S TYPPOLOGY WILLIAM SHELDON'S TYPOLOGY CARL JUNG' S TYPOLOGY HOLLAND TYPOLOGY
- 5. Ancient Indians (Ayurvedic)Classification • In India the ancient system of AYURVEDA Classified the individuals based on presence of combination of elements of nature. • Ayurveda advocate that the entire universe is made up of 5 elements ; • Air • Fire • Water • Earth • Ether
- 6. Human body containsthese elements as its constituents. Some are loaded with the combination of air and ether, some with air and water etc.
- 8. Hippocrates Classification This approachwas followed by Greek physicians like Hippocrates, one of the disciples of great philosopher ARISTOTLE. According to him, the human body consists of 4 types of fluids • Blood • Yellow bile • Phlegm • Black bile
- 9. • The predominanceof one of these 4 types of fluid in one's body give him unique temperamental characteristics leading in a particular type of personality.
- 10. ... Dominance of fluid typein the body Personality type Temperamental characteristics Blood Sanguine Light hearted, optimistic Yellow bile Choleric Irritable, angry but passionate Phlegm Phlegmatic Calm , sluggish Black bile Melancholic Pessimistic, bad tempered , self motivated
- 11. Ernest Kretschmer 'sClassification • German psychologist Kretschmer has attempted to corelate physique &character of human beings • From his studied on mental patient he found that certain body types are associated with particular type of mental disorders • He has classified personalities into 3 types • Pyknic , Athlete, Leptosomic
- 12. Kretschmer s Classificationof Personality Types Personality types Personality characteristics Sociable , jolly , easy going Energetic , optimistic , adjustable Reserved , shy, sensitive pyknic Athletic Leptosomatic
- 13. William Sheldon 'sClassification Sheldon on basis of physical constitution categorised personality into somatotype. These 3 types are- ▪ Endomorphic ▪ Mesomorphic ▪ Ectomorphic
- 14. …. Personality types Somatic Personality characteristics Temperament Endomorphic Highlydeveloped viscera but weak somatic structure Easy going, gluttonous, affable & affectionate Viscerotonia Mesomorphic Balanced development of viscera & somatic structure Adventures loving ,craving for muscular activity Somatotonia Ectomorphic Weak somatic structure & under developed viscera Reserved ,loner tendencies ,with desire to conceal feelings Cerabrotonia
- 15. Carl Jung 'sTheory Jung postulated personality theory based on psychological characteristics He divided people into 2 broad types • Extrovert • Introvert
- 16. Holland's Typology Hollands isthe latest type theory put forth for explanation of personality according to him personality is combination of interest, values and competencies.
- 17. Classification of Holland's Typology He classified people into 6 types Realistic type Investigatingtype Artistic type Social type Conventionaltype Enterprising type
- 18. Conclusion The first &foremost assumption underlying the type theories is that all person can be categorised in one or other type. But when we look the reality we find it is not so. Type theories explain the structure of personality but fail to explain the development of personality.