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Type Theories - Thiyagusuri
Sheldon developed a theory of personality types based on physical body types. He identified three main types - ectomorphs, mesomorphs, and endomorphs. Ectomorphs are thin and frail with little muscle mass or body fat. They tend to be shy and introverted. Mesomorphs have an athletic, muscular build. They are assertive, active, and competitive. Endomorphs have a wider frame and more body fat. They are sociable, relaxed, and enjoy food and comfort. Sheldon believed a person's body type correlated with their personality traits and temperament. Other theorists like Kretschmer and Hippocrates also developed systems classifying personality based on physical characteristics and temper
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Type Theories - Thiyagusuri
- 1. PERSONALITY THEORIES TYPE THEORIES K.THIYAGU, AssistantProfessor, Department of Education, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod
- 2. Type Theory • Typetheorists have explained personality on the basis of physique and temperament. • Temperament refers to emotional aspect of the personality like changes in mood, tensions, excitement, etc.
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- 4. In the 1940's,William Herbert Sheldon associated body types with human temperament types (Personality types)
- 5. Constitutional Theories • Sheldoncoined the term “constitutional psychology” to capture the link between personality and physical attributes • Sheldon concluded that a relationship existed between one’s body type and personality • Physique and Crime
- 6. Personality Types Sheldon’s SomatotypeTheory • Three main body types - Ectomorphic - Mesomorphic - Endomorphic
- 7. Sheldon (1942) (Somatotype) •He argued that an individual’s body shape was correlated with their personality. From a study of 300 male body types he characterised three main body types: • The Ectomorph • The Endomorph • The Mesomorph
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- 10. Endomorphic / Endomorph: (viscerotonic) •Wide hips and narrow shoulders (pear- shaped). • Lot of fat on the body • Lot of fat on the upper arms and thighs
- 11. Endomorphic / Endomorph: (viscerotonic) Psychologically •Sociable • Fun-loving • Love of food • Tolerant • Good humored • Relaxed • With a love of comfort
- 12. Ectomorphic / Ectomorph: (Cerebrotonia) •An ectomorph is the complete opposite of the Endomorph. Physically, they tend to have: • Narrow shoulders and hips • A thin and narrow face, with a high forehead • A thin and narrow chest and abdomen • Thin legs and arms • Very little body fat
- 13. Ectomorphic / Ectomorph: Psychologicallythey are: • Self-conscious • Private • Introverted • Reserved • Socially anxious • Artistic • Emotionally controlled • Thoughtful
- 14. Mesomorphic / Mesomorph: (Somatotonia) •The mesomorph is in between the endomorph and thin ectomorph. Physically, they have the more 'desirable' body, and have: • Large head, • broad shoulders and narrow waist (wedge-shaped). • Muscular body, with strong forearms and thighs • Very little body fat
- 15. Mesomorphic / Mesomorph: Psychologically,they are: • Adventurous • Courageous • Indifferent to what others think or want • Assertive/bold • Zest for physical activity • Competitive • With a desire for power/dominance • And a love of risk/chance
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- 17. Study • In astudy of 200 college students and 200 male delinquents, Sheldon rated a full-length picture of participants according to each of the three body types. The pics were given scores out of 7. BUILD STUDENTS DELINQ End 3.2 3.4 Ect 3.4 1.8 Mes 3.8 5.4
- 18. Kretschmer’s Classification Born October8, 1888 Died February 8, 1964 (aged 75) Nationality Germany Fields Psychiatry Institutions Marburg University Known for Typology
- 19. Kretschmer’s Classification • Pyknic- fat body • Athletic - balanced body • Asthenic / Leptosomatic - lean and thin body
- 20. Pyknic • Sociable • Jolly •Easy-going • Good natured Manic Depressive Psychosis (MDP)
- 21. Athletic • Energetic • Optimistic •Adjustable Manic Depressive Psychosis (MDP)
- 22. Asthenic/ Leptosomatic • Unsociable • Reserved •Shy • Sensitive • pessimistic Mr. Bean Schizophrenia
- 23. Dysplastic type • UnProportionatebody • It happen hormonal imbalancement • Personality are also imbalanced
- 24. Four Humors AncientGreeks / Hippocrates (400 BC) / Galen’s Theory of the Four Temperaments (130-200 A.D.)
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- 30. Sanguine / Blood • Optimisticleader • Light hearted • Optimistic • Happy • Hopeful • Accommodating
- 31. Phlegamatic / Plegmatic • Relaxedand peaceful – calm • Cold • Slow or sluggish
- 32. Choleric / Yellow bile •Irritable • Angry • Strong with active imagination
- 33. Melancholic/ Black bile • Analyticaland quiet – depressed • Sad • Pessimistic
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