The digestive system of insects begins with a mouth and ends with an anus. The digestive tract aids in obtaining, processing, and digesting food. It is also involved in producing messenger molecules that coordinate feeding and digestive activities. The main sections of the insect digestive system are the foregut, midgut, and hindgut. The foregut involves ingestion and mechanical breakdown of food. The midgut contains digestive cells and is where most digestion occurs. The hindgut is involved in waste expulsion and housing symbiotic bacteria that help insects digest certain foods.
Structure and types of insect legs and identification of insect legs, Modification in insect legs - Cursorial leg(running leg), Ambulatorial leg(walking leg), Saltatorial leg(jumping leg), Scansorial leg(climbing leg), Fossorial leg(digging leg), Natatorial leg(swimming leg), Raptorial leg(grasping leg), Basket – like leg, Sticking leg, Foragial leg, Prolegs or False legs or Pseudolegs
Structure and types of insect legs and identification of insect legs, Modification in insect legs - Cursorial leg(running leg), Ambulatorial leg(walking leg), Saltatorial leg(jumping leg), Scansorial leg(climbing leg), Fossorial leg(digging leg), Natatorial leg(swimming leg), Raptorial leg(grasping leg), Basket – like leg, Sticking leg, Foragial leg, Prolegs or False legs or Pseudolegs
its all about respiratory system of insects, arrangement and position of spiracles system. Types of different respiratory systems in aquatic insects.
Contact Email: mzeeshan_93@yahoo.com
its all about respiratory system of insects, arrangement and position of spiracles system. Types of different respiratory systems in aquatic insects.
Contact Email: mzeeshan_93@yahoo.com
this is about the application of nanotechnology in agriculture. that how we can secure the growth of plants and crops and make our crops better. in this ppt the use of nano-particles has discussed to avoid different pests and diseases by ruining the crops.
Application of Nanotechnology in Agriculture with special reference to Pest M...Ramesh Kulkarni
Nanotechnology, a promising field of research opens up in the present decade a wide array of
opportunities in the present decade and is expected to give major impulses to technical innovations in
a variety of industrial sectors in the future.
General Entomology (Biol.2032) power pointDavidGosa1
This short and precise note ha been prepared by instructor Gobu Gosa (MSc in Zoologucal Sciences) in 2020 at Raya University, Southern Tigray, Ethiopia.
In Class 11 Biology, excretory products and their elimination are important topics typically covered under the unit "Excretory System."
For more information, visit- www.vavaclasses.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
4. The digestive system is just a tube within a surrounding tube called the
body. It starts with a mouth and ends with the anus.What goes on in
between depends on the insect, its life stage and what it eats.
5.
6. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
The digestive tract not only aids in obtaining, processing and
digesting food molecules - It is the largest endocrine tissue
in both humans and insects.
The digestive system is involved in:
1. Obtaining food
2. Mechanically breaking it down into smaller particles that
facilitate digestive enzymes acting on them
3. Enzymatic breakdown of larger food molecules into
molecules that can pass through the digestive tract (midgut)
and enter the hemolymph
4. Produces molecules or MESSENGERS (eg. Endocrines),
that coordinate feeding and other activities of the digestive
tract.
7. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Generalized structure of digestive tract
Mechanisms of ingestion
Pharyngeal and cibarial pumps
Salivary glands
a. Sexual dimorphism in mosquitoes
b. Types of secretions
Cardiac and pyloric sphincters
Foregut
Midgut
Hindgut
Basic and applied aspects of the digestive system
8. FOREGUT
1. Foregut starts at mouth and ends just after
proventriculus but before the cardiac sphincter
2. Little or no digestion occurs in the foregut
3. is mainly involved in ingestion of food and
the mechanical softening of it with salivary
secretions and breakdown with special ‘teeth’ as in
the cockroach or muscle-sets in other insects
4. In some insects it has a dilated structure called the
crop while in other insects this crop may be
diverticulated and connected by a crop duct
5. The salivary glands empty into the foregut or
mouth area depending on the insect
9.
10. FUNCTIONS OF SALIVARY GLANDS
1. Moisten food
2. Lubricate the mouthparts
3. Contains digestive enzymes
a. May contain enzyme amylase, which breaks
down complex sugars into simpler sugars
b. Digestive enzymes that are used by both
predatory insects that inject the saliva or
preoral digestion that occurs in some insects
11.
12. MIDGUT
1. Midgut starts at the cardiac sphincter and ends at the
pyloric sphincter
2. Midgut contains different cell types:
a. Digestive cells
b. Regenerative cells
c. Endocrine cells
d. Goblet cells
3. Midgut has a sleeve of tissue, called the peritrophic
envelope or matrix that covers the microvilli and
separates the food being digested from these
digestive cells
4. Midgut is where the food is mainly digested
13.
14. HINDGUT
1. Major refuse dumping area for waste products
from midgut and Malpighian tubules
2. In insects that feed on dilute foods (i.e., low in
amino acids), such as plant saps or blood, the
hindgut is involved in getting rid of excessive
water and also in housing symbionts that use these
waste products to produce substances the insect
needs.
3. Many insects have special adaptations of the
hindgut region that aid in reabsorption of certain
salts and amino acids. Helps in maintaining
osmotic pressure of the hemolymph.
15. HINDGUT
4.Water absorption from feces into the
hemolymph
5. Pheromone production-Male scolytid
beetles produce an aggregation pheromone.
Also in Dacus tryoni in males
6. Respiration in larvae of Anisoptera
(Dragonflies)
16. Rectal papillae of flies and rectum
The various types of papillae in the rectum of insects are involved in
reabsorption of water and the movement of ions for osmoregulation
17. HINDGUT AND ITS SYMBIONTS
• Because of the following foods, insects have relied
upon and have taken up symbionts to either aid in
digestion of molecules they can’t digest (e.g.,
Cellulose) or provide the insect with essential
nutrients, especially various vitamins, etc., that
they would otherwise be unable to get from diets
poor in these substances.
1. Termites and digestion of cellulose
2. Insects feeding on blood or on plant saps.