This document provides information about the phylum Platyhelminthes. It discusses their defining characteristics such as being triploblastic, bilaterally symmetrical, and lacking organs like a circulatory system. It describes the four classes - Turbellaria, Trematoda, Cestoda, and Monogenea. Key details are provided on representative genera for each class. Examples include the planarian Dugesia for Turbellaria, the flukes Clonorchis and Fasciola for Trematoda, and the tapeworms Taenia and Echinococcus for Cestoda. The document also examines anatomical structures, life cycles, and other biological systems and features of flatworms.

1. Platyhelminthes

10. New Zealand
Arthurdendyus
Australia
Australoplana

15. CIRI UMUM
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Lebih maju di bandingkan Porifera dan Coelenterata.
Lapisan tubuh Triploblastik.
Ukuran tubuh mikroskopis hingga 20 m.
Tubuh simetri bilateral, pipih dan paling sederhana diantara hewan
simetri bilateral.
Tidak memiliki rongga tubuh (acoelomata).
Pencernaan terdiri dari : mulut, faring, usus (tanpa memiliki anus).
Tidak memiliki sistem sirkulasi, respirasi, dan ekskresi,hermaprodit.
Habitat : air tawar, laut, tempat lembab, dalam tubuh hewan lain
(parasit).
(parasit)

16. Some Unique Characteristics
Proglotids and scolex in Cestoda
Rabdites in Turbellaria
Combination of characteristics- flame cells and being
acoelomates for example.
Larva of each class are unique

17. Potition in animal kingdom
Eumetazoa - animals with tissue
Bilateria - have bilateral symmetry and are triploblastic.
Protostomia - a group of animals whose mouth develops
from the blastopore, and the mesoderm forms from an area
near the blastopore.
 Acoelomata - They have a true mesoderm which fills the
original blastocoel between the outer epidermis and digestive
tract.

18. TRIPLOBASTIK

19. Systems 1
Integumentary- Rhabdites and one cell layer epidermis
in Turbellaria and usually ciliated; syncytial tegument in
other classes.
Skeletal - hydrostatic
Muscle - longitudinal, transverse, and circular muscles
are present.
Digestive - incomplete with intracellular and
extracellular digestion; no system in Cestoda.

20. Systems 2
Excretory - flame cells, or excretory tubes in Cestoda.
Respiratory - no system, diffusion
Circulatory - none, diffusion.
Nervous - anterior ganglia, ventral ladder-like system
(two lateral cords with transverse cords).

21. Systems 3
Endocrine - hormones produced by nervous system
Reproductive - monoecious in most
Well developed reproductive organs, mostly internal
fertilization.
Two of the parasitic classes have complex life cycles
 Trematoda - miracidium, sporocyst, redia, cercaria, metacercaria
(usually snail is secondary host.
 Cestoda - oncosphere, cystercercius (bladderworm)

22. KLASIFIKASI
Turbellaria (cacing berambut getar), silia pada
permukaan tubuh digunakan untuk bergerak.
Dugesia
• Trematoda (cacing isap), alat isap digunakan untuk
menempel dan menghisap makanan pada inangnya.
•Clonorchis, Fasciola, Schistosoma
•Cestoda (cacing pita), bentuk seperti pita tubuh
terdiri dari bagian skoleks, leher, dan proglotit.
Taenia, Dipylidium Echinococcus
• Class Monogenea :No representatives

23. Class Turbellaria
Planaria -Free-living flatworms with soft flattened bodies
covered with ciliated epidermis which has special secreting
cells called rabdites.
Dugesia

24. Struktur tubuh turbilaria
 Exhibit bilateral symmetry, acoelomate, and are triploblastic
 Parenchyma tissue
24
Phylum Platyhelminthes

25. STRUKTUR MIRFOLOGI

26. STRUKTUR ANATOMI

27. PENCERNAAN MAKANAN DAN EKSRESI
 Mouth is usually located at the
anterior end or mid-body on
ventral surface
 Excretory system
Contains flame bulbs
27
Phylum Platyhelminthes

28. SISTIM SYARAF
Free-living species usually have a well-
developed sensory system
Parasites generally have less elaborate systems .
28
Phylum Platyhelminthes

29. SISTIM REPRODUKSI
 Almost all are simultaneous
hermaphrodites
 Parasitic species (flukes and
tapeworms) have complex
lifecycles, with various hosts and
several different larval stages
 Incredible powers of regeneration
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30. Regeneration
 Many species posses remarkable powers of regeneration and repair
wounds

32. Class Trematoda
Flukes -oral and ventral suckers, no hooks, parasites, body
with a syncytial tegument without cilia. Larva stages
unique.
Clonorchis
Fasciola
Schistosoma

33. Clonorchis
Human liver fluke - has two intermediate or secondary host
snail and fish.
Human liver fluke
Cerceria

34. Fasciola
Life cycle
Sheep liver fluke
metacercaria on grass

35. Fasciola life cycle

38. Blackspot disease: Uvulifer sp.

39. Fasciola hepatica (sheep liver fluke)
F. gigantica (human liver fluke)

41. Stages of Fluke Life Cycle
Redia
Eggs of Schistosoma
Cercaria
In
Liver

42. Schistosoma
Blood Flukes
Cerceria usually infect by burrowing through skin.

44. BLOOD
Schistosoma
human
egg
freshwater
snail
FLUKE

45. Class Cestoda
Tapeworms
Have distinct head structure (Scolex)
and reproductive units called
proglottids. Do not have a digestive
system.
Larva are oncospheres and cysticerci
(bladder worms)
Taenia
Dipylidium
Echinococcus

46. Taenia
Proglotid

47. STRUKTUR TUBUH
A scolex attaches them to the inside
of their host followed by a neck
and a strobila (long segmented
trunk).
Individual segments are
proglottids.

50. TUBUH CACING PITA

51. CACING PITA

53. BAGIAN KEPALA CACING PITA
scolex
Suckers/pengisap
Rostelum/pengait

54. SIKLUS HIDUP
Usually involves
more than one
host. Variable life
cycles.
Proglottid drops off
and is excreted by
definitive host.
zygotes develop in
environment.
Zygote is ingested by
second host and it
encysts in tissues
which are
consumed by the
definitive host.

57. Dipylidium (dog tape)
Juveniles in flea and
louse
Note the two gential
pores and reproductive
systems in each
proglottid.
Proglottid

58. Echinococcus
Hydatid cyst (cysticercus)- may scolices and enlarges to as
large as a basketball. Often called sand.
Only three proglottids