The document summarizes two theories about relationship development: Uncertainty Reduction Theory and Social Penetration Theory. Uncertainty Reduction Theory proposes that when strangers meet, their primary goal is to reduce uncertainty about each other through self-disclosure and communication. It describes stages of relationships from initial entry to personal sharing to exit. Social Penetration Theory similarly suggests relationships develop from superficial to intimate as partners increasingly disclose personal information over time, through stages from orientation to affective exchange to stable communication. Both theories view relationship development as a gradual, predictable process centered around reducing uncertainty and increasing closeness through communication.

1. Assalamu’alaikum
wr.wb,
Selamat pagi...

2. Uncertainty Reduction Theory
Berger and Calabrese goal in constructing this theory was
to explain how communication is used to reduce
uncertainties between strangers engaging in their first
conversation together.
Prediction: the ability to forecast one’s own and others’
behavioral choices.
Explanation: the ability to interpret the meaning of
behavioral choices
Cognitive uncertainty: degree of uncertainty related to
cognition.
Behavioral uncertainty: degree of uncertainty related to
behaviors
Self-disclosure: personal messages about the self
disclosed to another.

3. Assumptions Uncertainty Reduction Theory
1. People experience uncertainty in
interpersonal setting
2. Uncertainty is aversive state, generating
cognitive stress.
3. When strangers meet, their primary concern
is to reduce their uncertainty or to increase
predictability.
4. Interpersonal communiation is a
developmental process that occurs through
stages.

4. 5. Interpersonal communication is the primary
means of uncertainty reduction.
6. The quantity and nature of information that
people share change through time.
7. It is possible to predict people’s behavior in a
lawlike fashion.

5. Entry phase: the beginning stage of an
interaction between strangers
Personal phase: the stage in a relationship when
people begin to communicate more
spontaneously and personally
Exit phase: stage in a relationship when people
decide whether to continue or leave

6. Social Penetration Theory
Interpersonal relationships evolve in some
gradual and predictable fashion. Social
penetration teorists believe that self-
disclosure is the primary way that superfisial
relationship progress to intimate relationship.
Social penetration: process of bonding that
moves a relationship from superficial from
more institute.

7. Assumption of Social Penetration theory
1. Relationship progress from nonintimate to
intimate.
2. Relationship development is generally
systematic and predictable.
3. Relationship development includes
depenetration and dissolution.
4. Self-disclosure is at the core of relationship
development.

8. Stages of Social Penetration
Orientation
Revealing
bith of
ourselves
Exploratory
Affective
Exchange
Emergence
of an
individual’s
personality
Affective
Exchange
Spontan
eous
communi
cation;
use of
personal
idioms
Stable
Exchange
Efficient
communicat
ion;
estblisment
of a
personal
system of
communicat
ion

9. 1. Jelaskan hubungan perhatian, terpaan,
interpretasi terhadap disonansi kognitif?
2. Berikan suatu contoh dua sikap yang pernah
anda miliki hubungan yang tidak relevan satu
dengan yang lainnya?
3. Uncertainty reduction is the process of using
communication to increase our ability to
explain and predict other’s behaviors. How
do we use new media such as e-mail, pagers,
palm pilots, and so forth in this process?

10. Ke Irian ada burung
Cendrawasih, sekian dan
Terima kasih.....