Comm201 Uncertainty Reduction Theory- Petrucci
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Uncertainty Reduction Theory (URT) was developed in 1975 by Charles Berger and Richard Calabrese to explain how people communicate at the beginning of interactions in order to reduce uncertainty. URT posits that when strangers meet, they immediately seek ways to predict each other's behaviors and reduce uncertainty. While URT focuses on reducing uncertainty in initial interactions, Michael Sunnafrank's Predicted Outcome Value Theory argues that people are more motivated by potential rewards than uncertainty reduction. URT also identifies three strategies for reducing uncertainty: passive observation, active information-seeking from third parties, and direct interactive communication through interrogation or self-disclosure.
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Uncertainty Reduction Theory G2 COMM2378
The document summarizes Uncertainty Reduction Theory, which proposes that people communicate to reduce uncertainty and discomfort when meeting strangers. It describes the theory's key aspects: (1) it identifies three strategies people use to reduce uncertainty - observing, asking others, direct communication; (2) it outlines three phases of relationships as uncertainty decreases over time; (3) it lists eight axioms about how communication and factors like intimacy, liking, and similarity impact uncertainty; (4) it discusses how theorems are derived from the axioms to make predictions. The document also notes some strengths and weaknesses of the theory and provides an example case study comparing how Koreans and Americans initially communicate to reduce uncertainty.
Uncertainty Reduction Theory- Katie Corbin & Haley Sudduth- COMM 301
1) Uncertainty Reduction Theory, proposed by Charles Berger, focuses on how human communication is used to gain knowledge and reduce uncertainty in initial interactions and relationships.
2) The theory proposes that people are motivated to reduce uncertainty through communication behaviors like self-disclosure, information seeking, and developing similarities.
3) Berger developed axioms and theorems about how specific communication behaviors relate to uncertainty and influence relationship development over time. However, some aspects of the theory have been criticized or expanded on.
Social penetration theory
Social Penetration Theory describes the process of developing intimacy in relationships through mutual self-disclosure and vulnerability over time. Self-disclosure involves voluntarily sharing personal information about oneself with another and is necessary for relationships to form and communication to occur. For self-disclosure to be effective, it is important to consider the context, audience, and ensure there is reciprocation from the other person. When done properly, self-disclosure can help develop more intimate relationships and improve understanding between people.
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
The Uncertainty Reduction Theory posits that people seek to reduce uncertainty through communication in initial interactions in order to increase predictability. There are three main motivations for reducing uncertainty: anticipation of future interaction, incentive value of the interaction, and explaining deviant behavior. The theory outlines seven axioms about how uncertainty is reduced through verbal communication, nonverbal expressions, information seeking behaviors, self-disclosure, reciprocity, perceived similarities, and shared social networks. People also engage in plan-based message production to subtly influence others' behaviors according to their own goals.
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
Charles Berger's uncertainty reduction theory posits that new relationships involve uncertainty and communication aims to reduce this uncertainty. There are different types of uncertainty including behavioral and cognitive uncertainty. Berger outlines eight axioms that can be paired to produce 28 theorems about how communication reduces uncertainty. Some strategies for reducing uncertainty include seeking information from the other person directly or indirectly, choosing an appropriate level of plan complexity, and amending plans over time based on new information. However, some critiques argue that not all the axioms and theorems are valid and that uncertainty reduction may not be the sole driver of early communication between people.
Uncertainty Reduction
What happens when people meet and have little information about each other? How do they go about coming to know each other?
Social Penetration
Social Penetration Theory proposes that relationships develop through reciprocal self-disclosure from superficial to intimate topics over time. It is likened to an onion with layers being peeled back through breath and depth of disclosure. Relationships progress through 5 stages from orientation to stable partnership or depenetration. People regulate intimacy based on weighing rewards against costs using standards of comparison to their current relationship and alternatives. While influential, the theory is limited in scope and not fully data-backed, and disclosure's impact can vary between increasing and decreasing closeness.
Dramatism
Dramatism is a theory introduced by Kenneth Burke that views language as symbolic action and life as drama. It provides a framework to analyze communication called the dramatistic pentad, which examines an act based on the five elements of an agent, act, agency, purpose, and scene. Burke believed that guilt is the ultimate human motivator and that rhetoric aims to provide audiences ways to purge feelings of guilt through identification.
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Uncertainty Reduction Theory G2 COMM2378
The document summarizes Uncertainty Reduction Theory, which proposes that people communicate to reduce uncertainty and discomfort when meeting strangers. It describes the theory's key aspects: (1) it identifies three strategies people use to reduce uncertainty - observing, asking others, direct communication; (2) it outlines three phases of relationships as uncertainty decreases over time; (3) it lists eight axioms about how communication and factors like intimacy, liking, and similarity impact uncertainty; (4) it discusses how theorems are derived from the axioms to make predictions. The document also notes some strengths and weaknesses of the theory and provides an example case study comparing how Koreans and Americans initially communicate to reduce uncertainty.
Uncertainty Reduction Theory- Katie Corbin & Haley Sudduth- COMM 301
1) Uncertainty Reduction Theory, proposed by Charles Berger, focuses on how human communication is used to gain knowledge and reduce uncertainty in initial interactions and relationships.
2) The theory proposes that people are motivated to reduce uncertainty through communication behaviors like self-disclosure, information seeking, and developing similarities.
3) Berger developed axioms and theorems about how specific communication behaviors relate to uncertainty and influence relationship development over time. However, some aspects of the theory have been criticized or expanded on.
Social penetration theory
Social Penetration Theory describes the process of developing intimacy in relationships through mutual self-disclosure and vulnerability over time. Self-disclosure involves voluntarily sharing personal information about oneself with another and is necessary for relationships to form and communication to occur. For self-disclosure to be effective, it is important to consider the context, audience, and ensure there is reciprocation from the other person. When done properly, self-disclosure can help develop more intimate relationships and improve understanding between people.
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
The Uncertainty Reduction Theory posits that people seek to reduce uncertainty through communication in initial interactions in order to increase predictability. There are three main motivations for reducing uncertainty: anticipation of future interaction, incentive value of the interaction, and explaining deviant behavior. The theory outlines seven axioms about how uncertainty is reduced through verbal communication, nonverbal expressions, information seeking behaviors, self-disclosure, reciprocity, perceived similarities, and shared social networks. People also engage in plan-based message production to subtly influence others' behaviors according to their own goals.
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
Charles Berger's uncertainty reduction theory posits that new relationships involve uncertainty and communication aims to reduce this uncertainty. There are different types of uncertainty including behavioral and cognitive uncertainty. Berger outlines eight axioms that can be paired to produce 28 theorems about how communication reduces uncertainty. Some strategies for reducing uncertainty include seeking information from the other person directly or indirectly, choosing an appropriate level of plan complexity, and amending plans over time based on new information. However, some critiques argue that not all the axioms and theorems are valid and that uncertainty reduction may not be the sole driver of early communication between people.
Uncertainty Reduction
What happens when people meet and have little information about each other? How do they go about coming to know each other?
Social Penetration
Social Penetration Theory proposes that relationships develop through reciprocal self-disclosure from superficial to intimate topics over time. It is likened to an onion with layers being peeled back through breath and depth of disclosure. Relationships progress through 5 stages from orientation to stable partnership or depenetration. People regulate intimacy based on weighing rewards against costs using standards of comparison to their current relationship and alternatives. While influential, the theory is limited in scope and not fully data-backed, and disclosure's impact can vary between increasing and decreasing closeness.
Dramatism
Dramatism is a theory introduced by Kenneth Burke that views language as symbolic action and life as drama. It provides a framework to analyze communication called the dramatistic pentad, which examines an act based on the five elements of an agent, act, agency, purpose, and scene. Burke believed that guilt is the ultimate human motivator and that rhetoric aims to provide audiences ways to purge feelings of guilt through identification.
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Uncertainty reduction theory proposes that when strangers meet for the first time, they will try to reduce uncertainty about each other through interactive conversation, asking third parties about the other person, or passive observation. The theory explains that people use interactive, active, and passive methods of uncertainty reduction in everyday situations like meeting a professor, at a bar, or online dating.
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Topic Top 5 presentation- Uncertainty Reduction Theory
The Uncertainty Reduction Theory posits that when strangers first meet, they communicate to reduce uncertainty about each other. Berger and Calabrese initially presented this theory through a series of axioms describing the relationship between uncertainty and communication factors. However, critics argue that reducing uncertainty may not be the main motivation for interaction, as suggested by Sunnafrank's predicted outcome value theory, which indicates the actual motivation is a desire for positive relational experiences.
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
This short document promotes the creation of presentations using Haiku Deck, a tool for making slideshows. It contains a stock photo credit and a call to action encouraging the reader to get started creating their own Haiku Deck presentation on SlideShare.
Uncertainty reduction theory
This document summarizes Charles Berger's Uncertainty Reduction Theory. The theory proposes that there are two types of uncertainty - behavioral and cognitive - and that people seek to reduce uncertainty about others through verbal and nonverbal communication, information seeking, self-disclosure, and focusing on similarities. It also discusses methods for coping with uncertainty, including passive, active, interactive, and hedging strategies. Finally, it briefly introduces William Gudykunst's Anxiety/Uncertainty Management Theory about how higher anxiety can lead to misunderstandings without mindful communication, especially between strangers.
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- Expert evidence, which cites specialists in a field to give credibility and authority to arguments.
Interpersonal CommunicationEighth EditionChapter 3 I.docx
Interpersonal Communication
Eighth Edition
Chapter 3
Interpersonal Communication and Perception
This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images;any rental, lease, or lending of the program
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
3.1 Define perception, and explain the three stages of interpersonal perception.
3.2 List and describe the strategies we use to form impressions of others.
3.3 List and describe the strategies we use to interpret the behavior of others.
3.4 Identify the eight factors that distort the accuracy of interpersonal perception.
3.5 Identify and apply five suggestions for improving interpersonal perception.
*
Understanding Interpersonal Perception (1 of 5)
3.1 Define perception, and explain the three stages of interpersonal perception.
Defining PerceptionYour perceptions of people go beyond simple interpretations of sensory information.
Interpersonal perception
Passive perception
Active perception
Perception: the process of experiencing the world and making sense out of what you experience
Interpersonal perception: process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting your observations of other people
Passive perception: perception that occurs without conscious effort, simply in response to one’s surroundings
Active perception: perception that occurs because you seek out specific information through intentional observation and questioning
*
Understanding Interpersonal Perception (2 of 5)
What do you think is happening in this photograph? Your interpretation reflects interpersonal perception.
Understanding Interpersonal Perception (3 of 5)
The Stages of PerceptionStage 1: Selecting
We perceive and remember selectively
Selective perception
Selective attention
Selective exposure
Selective recall
We thin slice.
Selective perception: process of seeing, hearing, or making sense of the world around us based on factors as our personality, beliefs, attitudes, hopes, fears, and culture, as well as what we like and don’t like
Selective attention: process of focusing on specific stimuli, locking on to somethings in the environment and ignoring others
Selective exposure: tendency to put ourselves in situations that reinforce our attitudes, beliefs, values, or behaviors
Selective recall: process that occurs when we remember things we want to remember and forget or repress things that are unpleasant, uncomfortable, or unimportant to us
Thin-slicing: observing a small sample of someone’s behavior and then making a generalization about what the person is like, based on the sample
*
Understanding Interpersonal Perception (4 of 5)
When we observe others, we gather information about them and ascribe motives and causes to their behaviors—sometimes inc.
Comm 201 presentation
Uncertainty Reduction Theory explains that when strangers meet, they seek to reduce uncertainty about each other through various strategies like passive observation, active information seeking without direct contact, and direct interaction by asking questions and sharing information. While URT is commonly used in initial interactions and important to relationship development, its axioms and theorems have been criticized as too complex to apply practically. However, the underlying strategies for reducing uncertainty still provide value in understanding communication dynamics.
Negotiation styles & personality test
The document discusses the four dichotomies that make up the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality test: Extraversion vs Introversion, Sensing vs Intuition, Thinking vs Feeling, and Judging vs Perceiving. It provides descriptions of each dichotomy, how people tend to use one preference over the other, and how the preferences impact how people gather and process information and make decisions. The MBTI aims to describe personality types based on an individual's preferences in these four areas of information gathering and decision-making.
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Uncertainty reduction theory proposes that when strangers meet for the first time, they will try to reduce uncertainty about each other through interactive conversation, asking third parties about the other person, or passive observation. The theory explains that people use interactive, active, and passive methods of uncertainty reduction in everyday situations like meeting a professor, at a bar, or online dating.
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Uncertainty Reduction Theory merupakan teori yang menjelaskan bagaimana komunikasi digunakan untuk mengurangi ketidakpastian antara orang asing yang pertama kali berinteraksi. Teori ini diusulkan oleh Berger dan Calabrese pada tahun 1975 dan menyatakan bahwa orang akan menggunakan berbagai strategi komunikasi untuk mengurangi ketidakpastian kognitif dan perilaku ketika pertama kali bertemu.
Topic Top 5 presentation- Uncertainty Reduction Theory
The Uncertainty Reduction Theory posits that when strangers first meet, they communicate to reduce uncertainty about each other. Berger and Calabrese initially presented this theory through a series of axioms describing the relationship between uncertainty and communication factors. However, critics argue that reducing uncertainty may not be the main motivation for interaction, as suggested by Sunnafrank's predicted outcome value theory, which indicates the actual motivation is a desire for positive relational experiences.
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
This short document promotes the creation of presentations using Haiku Deck, a tool for making slideshows. It contains a stock photo credit and a call to action encouraging the reader to get started creating their own Haiku Deck presentation on SlideShare.
Uncertainty reduction theory
This document summarizes Charles Berger's Uncertainty Reduction Theory. The theory proposes that there are two types of uncertainty - behavioral and cognitive - and that people seek to reduce uncertainty about others through verbal and nonverbal communication, information seeking, self-disclosure, and focusing on similarities. It also discusses methods for coping with uncertainty, including passive, active, interactive, and hedging strategies. Finally, it briefly introduces William Gudykunst's Anxiety/Uncertainty Management Theory about how higher anxiety can lead to misunderstandings without mindful communication, especially between strangers.
Persuasive Language Techniques
The document discusses several persuasive language techniques including:
- Anecdotal evidence, which uses personal stories to support claims rather than scientific evidence.
- Ridicule and attacks, which assert a viewpoint by aggressively putting down opposing ideas without evidence.
- Emotive language, which uses words to deliberately create an emotional response in the audience.
- Expert evidence, which cites specialists in a field to give credibility and authority to arguments.
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Interpersonal CommunicationEighth EditionChapter 3 I.docx
Interpersonal Communication
Eighth Edition
Chapter 3
Interpersonal Communication and Perception
This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images;any rental, lease, or lending of the program
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
3.1 Define perception, and explain the three stages of interpersonal perception.
3.2 List and describe the strategies we use to form impressions of others.
3.3 List and describe the strategies we use to interpret the behavior of others.
3.4 Identify the eight factors that distort the accuracy of interpersonal perception.
3.5 Identify and apply five suggestions for improving interpersonal perception.
*
Understanding Interpersonal Perception (1 of 5)
3.1 Define perception, and explain the three stages of interpersonal perception.
Defining PerceptionYour perceptions of people go beyond simple interpretations of sensory information.
Interpersonal perception
Passive perception
Active perception
Perception: the process of experiencing the world and making sense out of what you experience
Interpersonal perception: process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting your observations of other people
Passive perception: perception that occurs without conscious effort, simply in response to one’s surroundings
Active perception: perception that occurs because you seek out specific information through intentional observation and questioning
*
Understanding Interpersonal Perception (2 of 5)
What do you think is happening in this photograph? Your interpretation reflects interpersonal perception.
Understanding Interpersonal Perception (3 of 5)
The Stages of PerceptionStage 1: Selecting
We perceive and remember selectively
Selective perception
Selective attention
Selective exposure
Selective recall
We thin slice.
Selective perception: process of seeing, hearing, or making sense of the world around us based on factors as our personality, beliefs, attitudes, hopes, fears, and culture, as well as what we like and don’t like
Selective attention: process of focusing on specific stimuli, locking on to somethings in the environment and ignoring others
Selective exposure: tendency to put ourselves in situations that reinforce our attitudes, beliefs, values, or behaviors
Selective recall: process that occurs when we remember things we want to remember and forget or repress things that are unpleasant, uncomfortable, or unimportant to us
Thin-slicing: observing a small sample of someone’s behavior and then making a generalization about what the person is like, based on the sample
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Uncertainty Reduction Theory explains that when strangers meet, they seek to reduce uncertainty about each other through various strategies like passive observation, active information seeking without direct contact, and direct interaction by asking questions and sharing information. While URT is commonly used in initial interactions and important to relationship development, its axioms and theorems have been criticized as too complex to apply practically. However, the underlying strategies for reducing uncertainty still provide value in understanding communication dynamics.
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The document discusses the four dichotomies that make up the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality test: Extraversion vs Introversion, Sensing vs Intuition, Thinking vs Feeling, and Judging vs Perceiving. It provides descriptions of each dichotomy, how people tend to use one preference over the other, and how the preferences impact how people gather and process information and make decisions. The MBTI aims to describe personality types based on an individual's preferences in these four areas of information gathering and decision-making.
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The document discusses the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and how it applies to understanding alcohol use initiation among adolescents. The TPB consists of behavioral intention, evaluation of outcomes, normative beliefs, motivation to comply, control beliefs, and perceived power. Existing literature on alcohol use initiation among teens applies well to these constructs, though some constructs like behavioral intention and control beliefs are not explored as deeply as others like normative beliefs. More research is needed to fully understand adolescent alcohol use through the lens of all TPB constructs.
Presentasi 17 11-2015
The document summarizes two theories about relationship development: Uncertainty Reduction Theory and Social Penetration Theory. Uncertainty Reduction Theory proposes that when strangers meet, their primary goal is to reduce uncertainty about each other through self-disclosure and communication. It describes stages of relationships from initial entry to personal sharing to exit. Social Penetration Theory similarly suggests relationships develop from superficial to intimate as partners increasingly disclose personal information over time, through stages from orientation to affective exchange to stable communication. Both theories view relationship development as a gradual, predictable process centered around reducing uncertainty and increasing closeness through communication.
The Awkward Moment
The theory presented argues that increased technology use negatively impacts face-to-face communication skills. While technology allows gathering information about others to reduce uncertainty, in-person interactions lack this feedback loop, creating awkward silent moments. Three communication theories - Uncertainty Reduction, Interactional, and Conversation - are relevant, but overreliance on technology hinders applying skills like interpreting messages and having natural discussions. The conclusion is that technology enables only presenting curated selves online, instead of the spontaneous self that emerges in unrehearsed live interactions.
perception
Perception is the process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions to understand their environment. It involves selecting relevant stimuli, organizing them into a meaningful whole through processes like grouping and closure, and interpreting them based on factors like stereotyping, attribution, impressions and inferences. Perception is influenced by both internal factors like needs, personality and experiences as well as external situational factors. It underlies all human behavior as there can be no behavior without perception.
Ya know
Upon meeting someone new, people seek to reduce uncertainty about the other person through communication. Common strategies include asking questions to learn about their background, finding out information indirectly from others, or passive observation. Reducing uncertainty allows people to better predict another's behavior and feel more comfortable in the interaction.
Johari Window
@Simaces International Interdisciplinary Learning Centre,Pune
by Nikhil Rajendra More-2017-18 Batch.
11 main aspects of human behavior
There are a different types of human behavior according to psychology; to know about those types I did some research.
Conversational Skills; Mastering The Art of Small Talk
Making conversation at the office can be awkward. Stay all business and you risk coming across as a buttoned-up, stuffy person who doesn’t know how to cut loose. Too nice? You might find yourself taken for granted or even passed over for promotions. And if your conversations are too casual, you may find that you’re not taken seriously. How do you strike the perfect balance when making workday chat? The techniques in this slide will help you improve your conversational skills in no time.
2. Perception & learning.pptx
This document discusses perception and attribution theory. It defines perception as the ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses. Attribution theory examines how people construct meaning from events and make attributions about causes. There are several types of attribution errors that can occur, including the fundamental attribution error of overemphasizing internal factors for others' behaviors. The document also discusses concepts like selective perception, halo effect, stereotyping, and projection. Learning is defined as the modification of behavior through experience, and principles of learning include readiness, exercise, effect, primacy, and recency. Cognitive learning theory examines an individual's thoughts and interpretations, while social learning emphasizes learning through observing others.
Transactional analysis
Transactional analysis
Presented by - Tripti Dubey
MSW I SEMESTER
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WORK
INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
Tips for giving and receiving feedback
The Insights For You feedback toolkit is here to help you understand the importance of feedback and to guide you in how to give and receive feedback at work.
Q4L01 - Social influence and conformity
Social influences can lead to conformity as people seek reassurance from others and adopt average positions rather than fringe positions. Experiments show that conformity rates increase with group size up to 3-5 members, and unanimity increases conformity. There are three main processes of conformity: informational influence to be correct, normative influence for social approval, and referent informational influence to follow in-group norms. Minority influences can create social change through consistent behavior, investment, and autonomy to negotiate influence with the majority.
Human: Thank you for the summary. Here is another document for you to summarize:
[DOCUMENT]
Social influence is the change in an individual's thoughts, feelings, attitudes, or behaviors that results from
Firo -B Test
The FIRO-B test measures behaviors in three interpersonal dimensions: inclusion, control, and openness. It assesses both a person's expressed and wanted behaviors in each dimension on a scale of 0-9. The test was created in the 1950s by William Schutz to understand how military teams work together. It measures fundamental relationship orientations that can provide insight into how individuals interact and work with others. HR professionals and coaches use FIRO-B results to reduce conflict, build effective teams, and develop individual action plans.
Influencing skills infographic
People can influence others through logical, emotional, and cooperative appeals. Logical appeals use facts and data to persuade others. Emotional appeals connect ideas to individual values and feelings. Cooperative appeals involve collaboration and working together towards mutual goals. Influencing others effectively requires understanding human psychology and motivations. Research has identified six universal principles that guide decision making: reciprocation, scarcity, authority, consistency, liking, and social proof. Mastering influence requires applying these principles strategically and developing skills like building relationships and demonstrating expertise.
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ServiceNow CIS-ITSM Exam Dumps & Questions [2024]
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Proposal: The Ark Project and The BEEP Inc
1.) Introduction
Our Movement is not new; it is the same as it was for Freedom, Justice, and Equality since we were labeled as slaves. However, this movement at its core must entail economics.
2.) Historical Context
This is the same movement because none of the previous movements, such as boycotts, were ever completed. For some, maybe, but for the most part, it’s just a place to keep your stable until you’re ready to assimilate them into your system. The rest of the crabs are left in the world’s worst parts, begging for scraps.
3.) Economic Empowerment
Our Movement aims to show that it is indeed possible for the less fortunate to establish their economic system. Everyone else – Caucasian, Asian, Mexican, Israeli, Jews, etc. – has their systems, and they all set up and usurp money from the less fortunate. So, the less fortunate buy from every one of them, yet none of them buy from the less fortunate. Moreover, the less fortunate really don’t have anything to sell.
4.) Collaboration with Organizations
Our Movement will demonstrate how organizations such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, National Urban League, Black Lives Matter, and others can assist in creating a much more indestructible Black Wall Street.
5.) Vision for the Future
Our Movement will not settle for less than those who came before us and stopped before the rights were equal. The economy, jobs, healthcare, education, housing, incarceration – everything is unfair, and what isn’t is rigged for the less fortunate to fail, as evidenced in society.
6.) Call to Action
Our movement has started and implemented everything needed for the advancement of the economic system. There are positions for only those who understand the importance of this movement, as failure to address it will continue the degradation of the people deemed less fortunate.
No, this isn’t Noah’s Ark, nor am I a Prophet. I’m just a man who wrote a couple of books, created a magnificent website: http://www.thearkproject.llc, and who truly hopes to try and initiate a truly sustainable economic system for deprived people. We may not all have the same beliefs, but if our methods are tried, tested, and proven, we can come together and help others. My website: http://www.thearkproject.llc is very informative and considerably controversial. Please check it out, and if you are afraid, leave immediately; it’s no place for cowards. The last Prophet said: “Whoever among you sees an evil action, then let him change it with his hand [by taking action]; if he cannot, then with his tongue [by speaking out]; and if he cannot, then, with his heart – and that is the weakest of faith.” [Sahih Muslim] If we all, or even some of us, did this, there would be significant change. We are able to witness it on small and grand scales, for example, from climate control to business partnerships. I encourage, invite, and challenge you all to support me by visiting my website.
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Webinar Speaker: Prof. Claudio Gallicchio, Assistant Professor, University of Pisa
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1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
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3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
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5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
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Comm201 Uncertainty Reduction Theory- Petrucci
- 1. 5 things you should know about Uncertainty Reduction Theory!! Jade Petrucci
- 2. What is it? Uncertainty Reduction Theory (URT) explains and predicts interpersonal communication during the beginning of an interaction
- 3. Who uses it? In 1975, Charles Berger and Richard Calabrese developed URT. Advocates of the law- governed approach to communication theory use URT because they emphasize the causes of interpersonal communication.
- 4. So what… The point of uncertainty reduction theory is to help us control our environment. We seek to predict others’ behaviors so that we can behave more appropriately. When strangers meet, they immediately look to reduce uncertainty.
- 5. Criticism Michael Sunnafrank’s Predicted Outcome Value Theory says that in initial interactions, people are more motivated by rewards rather than reducing uncertainty.
- 6. Presenter’s Choice There are 3 types of strategies to reduce uncertainty: passive, active, and interactive. An example of a passive strategy is observing without direct communication. An active strategy is asking a third party to find out more information. An interactive strategy could be interrogation or self- disclosure.
- 7. The end!