1.Digital Electronics is that branch of electronics
which deals with the digital signals to perform
various tasks and meet various requirements .
2.Most analog systems were less accurate and
were slow in computation and performance. Digital system have the ability to work faster than analog equivalents.It was much economical than analog methodologies as the performance was faster.
it covers topics Introduction
Classification of Logic Families
Important point
Level of Integration
Specification of Digital ICs
TTL Circuit
TTL NAND Gates
MOS/CMOS Circuits
CMOS NAND Gate
ECL Circuit
Comparison
Numbers of Digital ICs
1.Digital Electronics is that branch of electronics
which deals with the digital signals to perform
various tasks and meet various requirements .
2.Most analog systems were less accurate and
were slow in computation and performance. Digital system have the ability to work faster than analog equivalents.It was much economical than analog methodologies as the performance was faster.
it covers topics Introduction
Classification of Logic Families
Important point
Level of Integration
Specification of Digital ICs
TTL Circuit
TTL NAND Gates
MOS/CMOS Circuits
CMOS NAND Gate
ECL Circuit
Comparison
Numbers of Digital ICs
The fundamentals and implementation of digital electronics are essential to understanding the design and working of consumer/industrial electronics, communications, computers, security and military equipment. Digital electronics includes many applications in real life. Here are three different and most important application of Digital Electronics.
In this presentation of mine, a basic Design approach of VLSI has been explained. The ppt explains the market level of VLSI and also the fabrication process and also its various applications. An integration of various switches, gates, etc on Ic's has also been showcased in the same.
The fundamentals and implementation of digital electronics are essential to understanding the design and working of consumer/industrial electronics, communications, computers, security and military equipment. Digital electronics includes many applications in real life. Here are three different and most important application of Digital Electronics.
In this presentation of mine, a basic Design approach of VLSI has been explained. The ppt explains the market level of VLSI and also the fabrication process and also its various applications. An integration of various switches, gates, etc on Ic's has also been showcased in the same.
This PDF tells the basic Concept of ICs (Integrated Circuit) in Embedded System . This pdf also contain some examples including application of ICs in Solar Panel .
The Design and Construction of Modern Integrated CircuitsNowseore
Faster speeds, greater capacity, and smaller sizes have been among the many improvements that ICs have made over the past half-century. In comparison to the early days, today's integrated circuits are unbelievably complex, capable of containing billions of transistors and other components on a single piece of plastic. In modern ICs, the individual components are embedded directly into the silicon crystal instead of simply being mounted on it.
The hybrid energy storage system is the technological development to enhance the life of the primary energy storage device. Secondary storage system need to be identified based on the power or energy density to support accordingly to meet the power balance is a challenging task, The increasing demand for achieving high voltage from low voltage levels has become a challenging task. Low voltage DC supply could be easily extracted using Solar PV (Photo Voltaic) System. High power applications demand is moving towards HVDC, drive train, DC microgrid, Electric Vehicle (4 wheeler, 3wheeler, and 2wheeler), Elevators, and robotic applications. The extraction of power from a low voltage DC source to meet the higher power application requires high efficient, high step-up with high gain DC-DC Converters. Therefore, to boost the voltage from solar PV to a high level a high step-up and efficient DC-DC converter need to be designed and developed which paves way for research problem identification in the converter topology. Even using a multi-level inverter for high-power electric vehicle application is also another research area in electric vehicle technology for improved power output.
IDT Integrated Circuit Distributor With Best Quality Ics For Use In Various A...expess-technology
IDT is a leading name when it comes to manufacturing of integrated circuits. The company is dedicated to developing system-level solutions for customer application optimization. As a leading IDT integrated circuit distributors, Express Technology Group has the full selection of ICs manufactured by IDT for various applications.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
3. Overview:
What is Digital Electronics ???
Integrated circuit, CMOS.
Digital Electronics Quick History
What is logic Gate ??
Analog Systems
The Digital Revolution
Applications of digital electronic
Future Scopes & Possibilities Of Digital Electronics
Advantages , disadvantages of Digital Electronics
4. What is Digital Electronics ???
• Digital electronics or digital (electronic) circuits are electronics that handle digital signals
(discrete bands of analog levels) rather than by continuous ranges as used in analog electronics.
• It is based upon the digital design methodologies and consists of digital circuits, IC’s and
logic gates.
5. Digital Electronics Quick History
Prior to digital technology, electronic transmission was limited to analog technology, which conveys data as
electronic signals of varying frequency or amplitude.
In the 1930's the prototypes of the computer were constructed from mechanical
switches ( vacuum tubes )
The next stage in the 1940's was the use of electronic
diodes, and while these were better but they were unreliable.
The next stage was the result of the development in 1947 of
the transistor which was much smaller, faster and cooler.
Simple transistors were replaced by integrated circuits (ICs)
and that got smaller and smaller and finally deposited on
silicon to be put into a "chip".
vacuum tubes
diode
transistors IC(Chip )
6. What is logic Gate
• A logic gate is an elementary building block of a digital circuit. Most logic gates have two inputs and one output. At any
given moment, every terminal is in one of the two binary conditions low (0) or high (1), represented by different voltage
levels.
7. Integrated circuit
An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as an IC,
a chip, or a microchip) is a set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece
(or "chip") of semiconductor material, normally silicon.
8. Name Signification Year Transistors number Logic gates number
SSI small-scale integration 1964 1 to 10 1 to 12
MSI medium-scale integration 1968 10 to 500 13 to 99
LSI large-scale integration 1971 500 to 20,000 100 to 9,999
VLSI very large-scale integration 1980 20,000 to 1,000,000 10,000 to 99,999
ULSI ultra-large-scale integration 1984 1,000,000 and more 100,000 and more
Classification of Integrated Circuits
9. CMOS – The basic building block of IC’s today!!!
• The C-MOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semi-conductor) is the basic building block of IC’s today.
• These days, it is being used widely because it has the least power dissipation in all the components
available for fabrication today !
• It is a combination of a p-channel MOSFET and a n-channel MOSFET as described in the figure.
10. Advantages of ICs
Smaller components
Less volume and weight of the equipment
Reduction of power consumption
Cost reduction
More reliable
11. Analog Systems :
• Analogue electronics (also spelled analog electronics) are electronic systems with a continuously variable
signal, in contrast to digital electronics where signals usually take only two levels.The term "analogue"
describes the proportional relationship between a signal and a voltage or current that represents the signal.
The word analogue is derived from the Greek word ανάλογος (analogos) meaning "proportional".
12. Analog Digital
Analog = Continuous waves Digital = Discrete waves
It has usually larger circuits & occupies more area. It has smaller integrated circuits & occupies lesser area.
Analog measuring instruments are less accurate, chances of misreading are
more.
Digital measuring instruments are more accurate, and there is no case of
misreading it.
The instruments are delicate and harms are more in case of drops and falls. The instruments are more strong, and there are lesser harms on drops and
falls.
AnalogVS Digital Systems :
13. • Analog computers only work with continuous numerical data in analog quantities
• Digital computers can process both non-numerical and numerical data
The TELEFUNKENRA 741 Analog Computer Digital computer
Analog VS Digital Systems :
Example
14. Recently, many types of devices have been converted from analog to digital.
In all of these digital devices, info is processed, transmitted and received
as long strings of 1s and 0s.
The Digital Revolution
15. Applications of digital electronic
• The digital system send the data in the form of packets of digital codes, thus
we can encode and decode them in various formats and codes.
• Data encryption is also possible in the digital systems, hence the data
transmission is more secure, and can be manipulated in many formats !
• Digital systems are much advantageous in communications
DataTransmission using Digital Systems
16. Electronic digital safe is perfect for securely storing your jewellery, valuables and confidential
paper work. It features an easy to set electronic code with floor or wall mounting.There is also a
digital lock, incorrect password alarm and two back up keys.There is a cash box with tray to keep
your valuables and coins in and a carrying handle for your convenience.
Digital electronic safe box
17. A register is made out of multiple flip-flops connected to each other used to store multiple bits of
data. If we have ‘n’ flip-flops, we can store ‘n’ bits of data.
Registers
A shift register is a sequential circuit which stores the data and shifts it towards the output on
every clock cycle.
Shift register
18. • A microprocessor, sometimes called a logic chip, is a computer processor on a
microchip.The microprocessor contains all, or most of, the central processing
unit (CPU) functions and is the "engine" that goes into motion when you turn
your computer on.
Microprocessors
19. Why computer Engineers need to know about Digital Electronic
• Computer engineering is a discipline that integrates several fields of electrical engineering and computer science
required to develop computer hardware and software. Computer engineers usually have training in electronic
engineering (or electrical engineering), software design, and hardware-software integration instead of only
software engineering or electronic engineering. Computer engineers are involved in many hardware and software
aspects of computing, from the design of individual microcontrollers, microprocessors, personal computers, and
supercomputers, to circuit design.
20. Future Scopes & Possibilities Of Digital Electronics :
• The digital electronics usesVLSI technology, which has considerably decreased the size
and area of the circuit boards, and has enhanced the accuracy and performance of the
systems.
• Moreover, digital systems have the advantage of data encryption for the communication
purposes !
• The data transmission is safe and secure.
• All these factors clearly show that the digital
electronics stream has wide future scope in
the modern era !
21. Computer-controlled digital systems can be controlled by software, allowing new
functions to be added without changing hardware.
Information storage can be easier in digital systems than in analog ones.
The noise-immunity of digital systems permits data to be stored and retrieved without
noise.
In a digital system are easier to design and more precise representation of a signal can be
obtained by using more binary digits to represent it.
More digital circuitry can be fabricated on IC chips.
Error management method can be inserted into the signal path.To detect errors, and
then either correct the errors, or at least ask for a new copy of the data.
Advantages of Digital Electronics
22. Conversion to digital format and re-conversion to analog format is needed, which
always include the lost of information.
In some cases, digital circuits use more energy than analog circuits and produce
more heat and need heat sinks.
Digital circuits are sometimes more expensive,
especially in small quantities.
Disadvantages of Digital Electronics