Bioinformatics involves integrating computers, software, and databases to address biological questions. It aids in comparing genetic and genomic data to further understand molecular biology, including simulating and modeling DNA, RNA, proteins, and biomolecular interactions. The field has grown with major milestones like the sequencing of insulin in 1955, the discovery of the DNA double helix in 1953, and the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003. Bioinformatics has applications in understanding normal and abnormal biological processes, predicting gene expression, drug discovery, agriculture, and more.

1. Bioinformatics and its application

2. Name :Apurbo Datta
Presenter
Id :161-15-7610

3. BIOINFORMATICS?
 Bioinformatics involves the integration of computers, software tools, and
databases in an effort to address biological questions.
 Two important large-scale activities that use bioinformatics are genomics
and proteomics.
 Bioinformatics tools aid in the comparison of genetic and genomic data and mor
e generally in the understanding of evolutionary aspects of molecular biology. In
structural biology, it aids in the simulation and modeling of DNA,RNA, proteins
as well as biomolecular interactions

4. History of Bioinformatics
 1865:Father of Genetics: Gregor Mendel discovers
the concept of genetic inheritance
 1930: Electrophoresis introduced
 1951 – Sequencing peptide (Frederick Sanger)

5.  1953:Watson and Crick suggest
double-helix model for DNA
History of Bioinformatics
 1955:Bovine Insulin is
first protein to be sequ
-enced

6.  1965 – Sequencing RNA (Robert Holley)
History of Bioinformatics
 1970 – Term BIOINFORMATICS coined by Paulien
Hogeweg & Ben Hesper
Paulien Hogeweg

7.  1977 – Sequencing DNA
(Frederick Sanger)
 1978: the term Bioinformatics
first used
 1984: FASTP algorithm program
published
 1990: BLAST program published
 1994: PRINTS database published
 1995:First bacterial genomes sequencd
 2000: EMOTIF database released
History of Bioinformatics

8. History of Bioinformatics
 1990 – Human Genome Project started (expected duration 15 years)
 2003 – Human Genome Project completed

9. Applications of Bioinformatics
 Understanding normal biological processes
 Understanding abnormal biological processes
 Predicting gene expression
 Drug discovery
 Agriculture
 Increases the speed at which research information can be examined

10.  DNA Chip Technology
Applications of Bioinformatics

11. Applications of Bioinformatics
 Molecular Evolution

12.  Genetically Modified Food
Applications of Bioinformatics