Integrated circuits (ICs) are tiny electronic components found in most electrical devices that allow them to perform complex functions. ICs, also called microchips, contain many transistors and other components on a small silicon chip. They can amplify signals, oscillate, time functions, and process data much faster than older discrete circuit boards. Modern ICs can contain millions of components and perform calculations much more efficiently, using less power than older technologies. ICs are fragile and protected by plastic casing from damage during shipping and use. They enabled the transition from discrete circuit boards to much higher performing devices.