CHAPTER 1 Introduction to: binary number, logic gates, gray code, logic levels & Binary bits.

1. By
Mr. C.R.Shinde
Electrical Engineering Department
Matoshri College of Engineering & Research centre, Nashik

2. 203143: Analog And Digital Electronics
Teaching Scheme
Lecture : 03 Hrs/ Week
Practical : 02 Hrs/ Week
Credits
Th: 03
PR:01
Examination Scheme [Marks]
In Sem : 30 Marks
End Sem : 70 Marks
Practical : 50 Marks
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3. Course Objective
1) To use K map for Boolean algebra reduction and design digital
circuit
2) To introduce digital memories and logical families.
3) To construct sequential and combinational circuits using flip
flops and K map
4) To develop the concept of basics of operational Amplifier and
its applications.
5) To design uncontrolled rectifier

4. Course Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be
able to :-
CO1: Design logical, sequential and combinational digital circuit
using K-Map.
CO2: Demonstrate different digital memories and programmable
logic families.
CO3: Apply and analyze applications of OPAMP in open and closed
loop condition.
CO4: Design uncontrolled rectifier with given specifications

5. Unit 01 : Design of combinational circuit
M1:-Introductions
M2:- Booleans algebra, De-Morgan theory.
M3:- Karnaugh map: structure for two, three and four Variables, SOP and
POS form reduction of Boolean expressions by K-map.
M4:- Design of combinational circuits using Boolean expression and K-
map.
M5:- encoder, decoder, half and full adder.
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6. Module1:-Introductions
 Introduction to Digital Electronics.
 Introduction to Number System.
 Binary Digits and Logic Levels.
 Introduction to Gray code.
 Binary Digits and Logic Levels.
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7. Introduction to Digital Electronics
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Computer
Calculator
Watch etc.

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9. Introduction to Digital Electronics
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Transistor, Resister, Capacitor etc
AND/OR/NOT/NAND/NOR/EX-OR/EX-NOR
Encoder, Decoder, Counters, Registers, Adder

11. Number system define a set of value used to represent
quantity
NAME BASE (Radix)
Decimal 10
Binary 2
Octal 8
Hexadecimal 16
INTRODUCTION TO NUMBER SYSTEM

12. Decimal number system
Name Base (radix) Characters in set
Decimal 10 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
0 to (r-1)
0 to (10-1)
0 to 9
7 3 9 2 . 9 1
.

13. Binary number system
Name Base (radix) Characters in set
Binary 2 0,1
0 to (r-1)
0 to (2-1)
0 to 1
1 0 0 1 . 1 0 1
.

14. Octal number system
Name Base (radix) Characters in set
Octal 8 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
0 to (r-1)
0 to (8-1)
0 to 7
5 6 3 2 . 4 7 1
.

15. Hexadecimal number system
Name Base (radix) Characters in set
Hexadecimal 16 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F
0 to (r-1)
0 to (16-1)
0 to 15
10=A
11=B
12=C
13=D
14=E
15=F
3 F D . 8 4
.

16. System Base Symbols
Used by
humans?
Used in
computers?
Decimal 10 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 Yes No
Binary 2 0, 1 No Yes
Octal 8 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 No No
Hexa-
decimal
16
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,
A,B,C,D,E,F
No No

17. Binary Digits and Logic Levels
Digital electronics uses circuits that have two states, which
are represented by two different voltage levels called HIGH
and LOW. The voltages represent numbers in the binary
system.
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A bit can have the value
of either 0 or 1,
depending on if the
voltage is HIGH or LOW.
0 volt
2 volt
3 volt
5 volt

18. Digital waveforms change between the LOW and HIGH levels. A
positive going pulse is one that goes from a normally LOW logic
level to a HIGH level and then back again. Digital waveforms are
made up of a series of pulses.
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Digital Waveforms

19. Introduction to gray code
 Its also known as “Reflected binary code” (RBC)
 Invented by frank gray
 Its Unweighted code
 In gray code , “Two successive values differ in only 1 bit”
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Frank gray

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22. Logic Gates
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It is physical device which performs logical
operation on one /more logical inputs, and
produces single logical output.

23. Classification of Logic Gates
Logic Gates
Basic Logic Gates
OR NOT AND
Universal Logic Gates
NAND NOR
Special Logic Gates
EX-OR EX-NOR
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24. NOT LOGIC GATE
1)SYMBOL:-
2)TT:-
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INPUT OUTPUT

25. AND LOGIC GATE
1)SYMBOL:-
2)TT:-
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INPUT OUTPUT

26. OR LOGIC GATE
1) SYMBOL:-
2) TT:-
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INPUT OUTPUT

27. NAND LOGIC GATE
1) SYMBOL:-
2) TT:-
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INPUT OUTPUT
AND + NOT
NAND GATE

28. NOR LOGIC GATE
1) SYMBOL:-
2) TT:-
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INPUT OUTPUT
OR + NOT
NOR GATE

29. Module1:-Introductions
 Introduction to Digital Electronics.
 Introduction to Number System.
 Binary Digits and Logic Levels.
 Introduction to Gray code.
 Introduction to Logic Gate.
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30. Module2:-
Booleans algebra,
De-Morgan theory.
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31. Thank you
Mr. C. R. Shinde
Electrical Engineering Department
Matoshri College of Engineering & Research centre, Nashik
If you have any query, ask me anytime on…… … .. . . .
cshinde58@gmail.com
chandrakant.shinde@matoshri.edu.in
9970031353
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33. Introduction to Booleans algebra
 It is set of rules, used to simplify the given logic
expression without changing its functionality
 It is used when number of variables less
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George Boole
1815-1864
NOT
AND AND AND
OR
NEED 5 LOGIC GATES
NOT
AND AND
OR
NEED 4 LOGIC GATES

34. Rule 1:- complement
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35. Rule 2 :- AND
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Hence

36. Rule 2 :- AND (Cont.)
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37. Rule 3 :- OR
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Hence

38. Rule 3 :- OR (Cont.)
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39. Rule 4 :- Distributive law
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40. Rule 5 :-Commutative law
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41. Rule 6 :-Associative law
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42. PRIORITY
1)NOT
2)AND
3)OR
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43. Rule 7 :- de-morgans law
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44. Boolean algebra Examples
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