Wordsworth believed poetry arises from powerful emotions that are recollected later in a state of tranquility. He argued poetry should use everyday language that ordinary people use rather than ornate poetic language. He wanted poetry to reflect the human experience and relationship with nature. Poetry should describe simple subjects and situations that are easily understood and remembered. A poet is an ordinary person who experiences strong feelings and can vividly recall those emotions later to convey them to others through their writing.
Poetry, he wrote in the Preface, originates from ‘the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings’ which is filtered through ‘emotion recollected in tranquillity’.
Poetry, he wrote in the Preface, originates from ‘the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings’ which is filtered through ‘emotion recollected in tranquillity’.
The Preface to the Lyrical Ballads is an essay, composed by William Wordsworth, for the second edition of the poetry collection Lyrical Ballads, and then greatly expanded in the third edition of 1802. It has come to be seen as a de facto manifesto of the Romantic movement.
The concept of imagination in biographia literariaDayamani Surya
Samuel Taylor Coleridge in his Biographia Literature considered that the mind can be divided into two faculties called as imagination and fancy.
Imagination is further divided into two types namely Primary Imagination and Secondary Imagination.
Samuel Coleridge- Biographia Literaria Ch 14Dilip Barad
This presentation deals with chapter 14 of 'Biographia Literaria' written by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. It deals with his famous defence of Wordsworth's poetic creed, difference between prose and poem; and more importantly, difference between poem and poetry
An Apology for Poetry[7] (also known as A Defence of Poesie and The Defence of Poetry) – Sidney wrote the Defence before 1583. It is generally believed that he was at least partly motivated by Stephen Gosson, a former playwright who dedicated his attack on the English stage, The School of Abuse, to Sidney in 1579, but Sidney primarily addresses more general objections to poetry, such as those of Plato. In his essay, Sidney integrates a number of classical and Italian precepts on fiction. The essence of his defence is that poetry, by combining the liveliness of history with the ethical focus of philosophy, is more effective than either history or philosophy in rousing its readers to virtue. The work also offers important comments on Edmund Spenser and the Elizabethan stage. from wikipidea
Literary Criticism - Essay on Dramatic PoesyRohitVyas25
John Dryden has given good criticism for dramatic poesy. Here in this presentation, I've put introduction of the original essay and Dryden's definition of play.
"For poetry the idea is everything; the rest is a world of illusion, of divine illusion. Poetry attaches its emotion to the idea; the idea is fact."
This is said by Matthew Arnold. According to him, IDEA is supreme and in poetry, it is the idea that matters, that are attached by poetry through emotions. According to him THE FUNCTION OF POETRY is to interpret life for us, to console us, to sustain us. He says if SCIENCE IS APPEARANCE then the POETRY IS EXPRESSION and there is no appearance without expression.
Then Arnold talks about setting our standard for poetry high. We must accustom ourselves to HIGH STANDARD and STRICT JUDGEMENT and there is no place for CHARLATANISM in poetry. Charlatanism is for confusing the difference between excellent and inferior, sound and unsound or only half sound, true and untrue or only half true. Judging with little differences has paramount importance, so there is no place for charlatanism in poetry.
According to William Wordsworth poetry is the powerful overflow of spontaneous feelings. Wordsworth describes his main intention to write Lyrical Ballads is to choose incidents from real life and add a colour of imagination so that ordinary things may be represented in an unusual fashion.
The Preface to the Lyrical Ballads is an essay, composed by William Wordsworth, for the second edition of the poetry collection Lyrical Ballads, and then greatly expanded in the third edition of 1802. It has come to be seen as a de facto manifesto of the Romantic movement.
The concept of imagination in biographia literariaDayamani Surya
Samuel Taylor Coleridge in his Biographia Literature considered that the mind can be divided into two faculties called as imagination and fancy.
Imagination is further divided into two types namely Primary Imagination and Secondary Imagination.
Samuel Coleridge- Biographia Literaria Ch 14Dilip Barad
This presentation deals with chapter 14 of 'Biographia Literaria' written by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. It deals with his famous defence of Wordsworth's poetic creed, difference between prose and poem; and more importantly, difference between poem and poetry
An Apology for Poetry[7] (also known as A Defence of Poesie and The Defence of Poetry) – Sidney wrote the Defence before 1583. It is generally believed that he was at least partly motivated by Stephen Gosson, a former playwright who dedicated his attack on the English stage, The School of Abuse, to Sidney in 1579, but Sidney primarily addresses more general objections to poetry, such as those of Plato. In his essay, Sidney integrates a number of classical and Italian precepts on fiction. The essence of his defence is that poetry, by combining the liveliness of history with the ethical focus of philosophy, is more effective than either history or philosophy in rousing its readers to virtue. The work also offers important comments on Edmund Spenser and the Elizabethan stage. from wikipidea
Literary Criticism - Essay on Dramatic PoesyRohitVyas25
John Dryden has given good criticism for dramatic poesy. Here in this presentation, I've put introduction of the original essay and Dryden's definition of play.
"For poetry the idea is everything; the rest is a world of illusion, of divine illusion. Poetry attaches its emotion to the idea; the idea is fact."
This is said by Matthew Arnold. According to him, IDEA is supreme and in poetry, it is the idea that matters, that are attached by poetry through emotions. According to him THE FUNCTION OF POETRY is to interpret life for us, to console us, to sustain us. He says if SCIENCE IS APPEARANCE then the POETRY IS EXPRESSION and there is no appearance without expression.
Then Arnold talks about setting our standard for poetry high. We must accustom ourselves to HIGH STANDARD and STRICT JUDGEMENT and there is no place for CHARLATANISM in poetry. Charlatanism is for confusing the difference between excellent and inferior, sound and unsound or only half sound, true and untrue or only half true. Judging with little differences has paramount importance, so there is no place for charlatanism in poetry.
According to William Wordsworth poetry is the powerful overflow of spontaneous feelings. Wordsworth describes his main intention to write Lyrical Ballads is to choose incidents from real life and add a colour of imagination so that ordinary things may be represented in an unusual fashion.
This presentation is about Preface of Wordsworth. And in this presentation we can find that how Wordsworth has described about poet and poetry. And how nicely he has described that poetry is gives pleasure by simplicity and rustic lifestyle.
Selected Wordsworth Poems: How to read them, understand them and write truly ...jpinnuck
This is a preview for Ticking Mind's forthcoming VCE English text: Selected Wordsworth Poems: How to read them, understand them and write truly insightful analyses on them.
The most Amazing English Story of all the timeYaseenKhan96
This is one of the best story that you do not need to read at all. Don't waste your time reading stupid english literature. Try exploring your own culture and avoid this devoid of humanity culture. You know why I am writing this description. Just to fill out this description. So in order to increase my scores and your scores, oh not your scores, I am writing these things which doesn't even make sense. Does it make sense to you? Obviosly not at all. So don't waste your time reading this? Are you still reading this? Oh no, You are obsessed with my writing. You made me happy not at all. Since I don't want to waste your time. I am just writing a long description for my own gains and you are here wasting your precious time. May be it's not precious but at least it is valuable and shouldn't be wasted at all. You get it?
Wordsworth view on Theme and Subject matter of poetry.Mital Raval
This presentation is a part of my academic presentation Literary Theory & Criticism Department of English M.k. Bhavnagar University and it is submitted to Pro. Dr. Dilip Barad.
This presentation is about the introduction of the 19th century literature and some of the prominent authors in the period including William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Percy Byshhe Shelley, Ralph Waldo Emerson and Matthew Arnolds.
William Wordsworth Essay
William Wordsworth
William Wordsworth Essay
Essay on Wordsworths Poetry
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Similar to Notes: Preface to Lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth (18)
CONTENTS:
Introduction
Seamus Heaney
Heaney: a Follower of Romanticism
The Personal and the General
The Trilogy
Several Connotative Meanings to Digging
Heaney’s Poetic Theory
Post-colonial Theory
Psychoanalytical Approach
Eco-critical Theory
The Pen/Spade Analogy
Techniques
Frost
Bogland
Words
Language
The Sense of Place
“Digging”
“Follower”
“Gravities”
“Personal Helicon”
“Midnight”
Contents
Modernism
Realism
Henrik Ibsen
Henrik Ibsen’s Approach to Feminism
(Project #1)
“The Master Builder”
Epistemology, techniques, themes, characters
“The Master Builder”: A Kaleidoscopic Play
Autobiographical Elements in “The Master Builder”
Socialist Realism
George Bernard Shaw
“Heartbreak House”: as A Socialist Realist Play
Bibliography
CONTENTS
Pirandello 1
The Context of Six Characters in Search of an Author 2
Character Analysis 3
Play-within- a- play; theatre about theatre 5
Theatricality 6
raison d’etre 8
Improvisation 9
Death of the author 11
Commedia dell’arte 13
Brecht 14
The Context of Mother Courage and her Children 15
Character Analysis 15
Themes 17
Epic Theatre 19
Alienation Effect 21
Brecht as a revolutionist in stage technique: Gestus 22
Brecht’s Political Theatre 23
Beckett 25
The Context of Waiting for Godot 26
Character analysis 28
Theatre of the Absurd 37
Theory of Semiotics 45
Time 47
Existentialism 53
Nihilism 55
Habituation 55
Structure of the play (Repetitiveness, Circular development) 57
Vaudeville 60
Visual effect 60
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
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2. William Wordsworth!
2
The essay is divided into three topics:
1. the subject and language of poetry [1-300]
2. what is a poet [345-570]
3. emotions recollected in tranquility [694-730] [835-876]
The romantic poets:
William Wordsworth, Coleridge, Shelley, Byron, Keats, and Blake.
The characteristics of the romantic poetry:
the use of Nature (meaning to move oneself from society, which is rigid and mechanical,
toward the outside. Although Nature has order but its a free, not imposing) ,
supernaturalism, the language of man.
Whey did romanticism start?
1. the publication of Jean Jacques Rousseau’s The Confessions in which he emphasize
on the individuality.
2. the French Revolution because in it the old rules were destroyed. Society was divided
and there was a big gab between the rich and the poor. The rich made up the rules
while the poor had to follow them, and they weren't fair. Therefore, the revolution came
to bring the people the power of the King and the aristocrats. Now the people are the
most important element in society.
3. the publication of the Lyrical Ballads. Wordsworth was very influenced by the French
Revolution, he believed strongly in it. He believed that we should have equality in
society. The start of of the romanticism is marked by the publishing of Preface to the
Lyrical Ballads (1800). His friends told him to write the preface to explain why he the
Lyrical Ballads in the way he wrote them.
What characterizes Wordsworth’s language?
it’s simple. He used symbols, images, metaphors, rhyme, and rhythm. They are
straightforward and taken from Nature and his daily life. He employed basic themes. Also,
his language is durable, it revives through time. (Do you find his diction conventional or
not? It’s way simpler than Shakespeare’s for example. Does his poems affect you? ) He
doesn’t use poetic diction nor personification because for him they are mechanical.
What characterizes Wordsworth’s subjects?
His subject is always “man.” Man in relation to Nature.
He used characters. For example, the girl in his poem The Solitary Reaper . The poem
was about her in relation to her existence in Nature. She’s an ordinary commoner, he
didn’t fall in love with her, but he respects and dignifies her. He also conveyed this feeling
to his readers. When Wordsworth write poetry, he always look for the sublime.
Wordsworth is the first one who was subjective in his writings.
EXAMPLE: The Table Turned. Wordsworth didn’t believe in “teach and delight” in the
classical sense. He wrote “Let Nature be your teacher.”
His definition of poetry:
spontaneous overflow of powerful emotions that recollected in tranquility.
• spontaneous means natural, not restricted with education or past experiences.
• overflow means the emotion has to be very strong.
• powerful emotions meaning that my subject has to deal with feelings over everything.
• recollected in tranquility meaning that if my emotions remain powerful after a while then
I will write about it. Because only then the poem will be as powerful as I felt at the
beginning.
3. William Wordsworth!
3
John Keats came up with the sublime egotistic.
• The sublime means something great, wonderful, almost divine.
• Egotism means how everything is in relation to you. (compare to Shakespeare, we can
never find Shakespeare in his works)
[2-7] he’s explaining why he chose to write in this form.
[44-50] traditionally, first thing occurs to us when we hear the word poetry is the form. This
is mechanical and Wordsworth rejects everything that is mechanical.
[57-59] he’s saying that he’s not following the old rules.
The Principal Object of his Poetry [76-86]:
1. to choose incidents and situations from common life.
2. to relate or describe them.
3. throughout, as far as was possible in a selection of language really used by men.
4. and, at the same time, (A) to throw over them a certain coloring of imagination, (B)
whereby ordinary things should be presented to the mind in an unusual aspect.
5. the primary laws of our nature: chiefly, as far as regards the manner in which we
associate ideas in a state of excitement. (spontaneous overflow of emotion)
The Subject of Poetry [86-98]:
he chooses humble life because it’s simple, easy to remember in tranquility, easier to
express, they’re essential through the passions, they’re easily understood, they’re durable,
and it’s not only about man or Nature it’s between both.
The Language of Poetry [98-110] :
he will not use terms that are shocking, bad, or dishonorable. He chose everyday
language that’s suitable because:
1. such men hourly communicate with the best objects from which the best part of
language is originally derived.
2. and because, from their rank in society.
3. and the sameness and narrow circle of their intercourse.
4. being less under the influence of social vanity.
5. they convey their feelings and notions in simple and unelaborated expressions.
6. Accordingly, such a language, arising out of repeated experience and regular feelings, is
a more permanent, and a far more philosophical language. (Wordsworth, like Aristotle
and Sydney, believed that poetry is better than philosophy. The romantic poetry moves
the step further in having everyday language.)
What is Poetry?
[131-132] poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.
[124-127] poetry has a worthy purpose which doesn’t come spontaneously, although
writing poetry is spontaneous but he recollect. So he meditates before writing.
[140-149] We should choose things that we are very familiar with through a process of
repetition. (This bring back the idea of mimeses which means imitation. We cannot imitate
something that we’re not familiar with). Wordsworth believed in imitation, but not that which
rigidly follows the classic rules. For example, he uses the image of green fields, and you
understand the concept of green field and they represent something to you.
[153 - 154] to Wordsworth feelings is the most important thing I have. I can change the
characters or the plot, but feelings has to be their.
4. William Wordsworth!
4
[164] Wordsworth lived at the beginning of the industrial revolution. And he says that if we
kept confining ourselves in society that believes that we need industrialism, and excludes
all modes of beauty (drama, poetry, etc), we will become savage torpors. We’ll lose our
ability to taste beauty which will make our lives very depressed. He says we should create
something that would make our lives better and give us a change.
[171] The most effective causes that will lead us to be savages torpor are:
1. the great national events which are daily taking place (The French Revolution, Industrial
Revolution, etc)
2. the increasing accumulation of men in cities,
3. where the uniformity of their occupations produces a craving for extraordinary incident.
(at that time there was districts specialized in one thing, one for steel factories, another
for coal factories, etc)
[176] this tendency of life and manners the literature and theatrical exhibitions of the
country have conformed themselves. (he says literature at that time is about the same life
and he’s against it).
Style:
[198] 1. Wordsworth never uses a personification. He rejects them because they’re
mechanical and they’re not a regular part of everyday language. (to Wordsworth
everything is either mechanic or organic, and he hates everything that’s mechanic)
[213] 2. He doesn’t use conventional poetic diction. He rejects it because he wants the
language of man, besides it doesn’t suit his subjects.
[224] 3. he preserves the real characteristics of objects that he describes. For example, if
he’s describing the sun he will describe it as having raise, and the river as having waves.
[231] 4. “my love is like a rose” is a beautiful expression. However, it was used too many
times that it doesn’t affect us anymore. So Wordsworth is saying if the expression have
been used before, even if it’s beautiful, I won’t use it.
Language of poetry vs. Language of prose:
Wordsworth doesn’t believe that there should be any difference between them. The reason
is that the language of prose is everyday language, and he wants to write poetry that uses
everyday language.
[243] He means by ‘these men’ traditional critics, and canon means %$#"نor set of ideas
that critics believed they have to exist or the piece of literature is not good. For example,
it’s a canon of literature to have a tragic hero.
Wordsworth is says the canon of literature used to be that he needs to use a poetic diction
in his poems. However, he rejects that.
[246] Writing has to be good.
[285] the only difference between the language of prose and the language of poetry is the
rhyme scheme. There is no essential difference.
5. William Wordsworth!
5
What is a poet?
(345-570)
1. there’s no difference between the poet and poetry.
2. poetry is about the real language of men.
a poet is a man speaking to men.
3. a poet is not nobler than other men.
4. poets have a more organic and comprehensive soul than other men.
5. he is more in touch with his own feelings.
6. he needs little stimulation to experience deep emotions.
7. he’s able to feel absent pleasures as though they were present.
8. he rejoices in his own spirit of life and seeks to discover the joy in the world.
9. has a rich memory that serves his writings.
10. he can sustain a mood of tranquility and peace.
11. he’s a lover of his fellow man and honors his dignity.
12. he rejoices in the presence of truths.
13. he’s a friend of man and binds everything together with love and passion.
Emotions recollected in tranquility [694-730] [835-876]
[705] Everything in nature is balanced, so everything in poetry has to be balanced as well.
The emotion I have has to be powerful, overflow, but this overflow has to be balanced in
relation to Nature. I shouldn't have powerful lines and weak lines, they have to be
balanced.
[729] “the verse will be read a hundred times where the prose is read once.”
So poetry is better than prose.
[838] “metrical composition essentially different from that which I have here endeavoured
to recommend: for the Reader will say that he has been pleased by such composition; and
what more can be done for him? The power of any art is limited; ... [859] the powers of
language are not so limited as he may suppose; and that it is possible for poetry to give
other enjoyments, of a purer, more lasting, and more exquisite nature.”