This document provides instructions for applying a static load to a plate model in HyperMesh. It describes how to: 1) Create a plate geometry and mesh it with quadrilateral elements. 2) Define the material properties of steel and a thickness property for the plate. These are then applied to the plate model. 3) Create fixed and force load collectiors to apply boundary conditions and loads. A fixed support condition is applied to one end of the plate and a distributed force is applied to the other end. 4) Perform an analysis on the model using OptiStruct and view the displacement and stress results using HyperView. The deformed shape can also be viewed.

1. STARTING WITH HYPERMESH –
STATIC LOAD APPLICATION
CREATED BY:
AKSHAY MISTRI

2. • CREATE A PLATE OF SIZE 150 X 100 AS SHOWN.
• FIRST CREATE ALL THE FOUR NODES WHICH WILL BE
ON THE CORNERS.
• MAKE LINES TO JOIN THEM.
• THEN CREATE A SURFACE USING THE FILLER
COMMAND UNDER THE SURFACE TAB.
• NOTE: THE COMMANDS USED ABOVE ARE ALREADY
MENTIONED IN THE PREVIOUS PRESENTATIONS.
CREATING A PLATE

3. DEFINE A MATERIAL TO THE SYSTEM
• TO CREATE A MATERIAL CLICK ON THE ICON AS SHOWN ABOVE. (IT’S USUALLY ABOVE
THE NODE BUTTON)
• YOU WILL SEE A BOX AS SHOWN BELOW.
• ENTER THE MATERIAL NAME (STEEL TAKEN HERE).
• LET TYPE BE ‘ALL’ AND CARD IMAGE AS MAT 1.
• MAT1 CARD IMAGE INTRODUCES THE MATERIAL AS A ELASTIC MATERIAL IN THE SYSTEM.
THEN CLICK ON CREATE/EDIT.

4. DEFINE A MATERIAL TO THE SYSTEM - CONTINUED
• AFTER CLICKING ON CREATE/EDIT YOU WILL SEE A LIST OF LETTERS ENCLOSED IN SQUARE
BRACKETS, WHICH ARE ACTUALLY THE PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS.
• TO UNDERSTAND AT A BASIC LEVEL WE WILL NOW USE ONLY [E], [NU], [RHO] WHICH ARE
YOUNG’S MODULUS, POISONS RATIO AND DENSITY RESPECTIVELY.
• CLICK ON EACH LETTER AND ENTER THE FOLLOWING PROPERTIES FOR STEEL:
• E = 2.1E5 (I.E. 210000 MPA)
• NU = 0.3
• RHO = 7.89E-09 (TONNES/MM-CUBE)
• AFTER YOU HAVE ENTERED CLICK ON RETURN (RED BUTTON). YOUR ENTITY LIST ON THE RIGHT PANE
WILL SHOW YOU THE MATERIAL WHICH YOU JUST CREATED.

5. DEFINING A PROPERTY – THICKNESS FOR THE PLATE
• AFTER CLICKING ON ICON AS SHOWN ABOVE YOU WILL SEE THE FOLLOWING BOX
SHOWN BELOW.
• ENTER PROPERTY NAME (ANYTHING WHICH YOU PREFER).
• TYPE IS 2D AND CARD IMAGE IS PSHELL, WHICH WILL ACTUALLY EXPAND THE
THICKNESS ON BOTH SIDES OF THE PLATE.
• CLICK ON MATERIAL AND CHOOSE THE MATERIAL WHICH YOU JUST CREATED BEFORE.
THEN CLICK ON CREATE/EDIT.

6. • AFTER YOU CLICK ON CREATE/EDIT, YOU WILL SEE THE FOLLOWING BOX AS SHOWN BELOW.
• CLICK ON ‘[T]’ WHICH IS SPECIFIES THE THICKNESS OF THE MATERIAL.
• HERE WE HAVE ENTERED IT AS 4MM.
• CLICK ON RETURN AND NOW YOUR PROPERTY HAS BEEN CREATED.
• NOTE: TILL NOW WE HAVE CREATED A MATERIAL AND PROPERTY BUT NOT UPDATED THEM TO
OUR COMPONENT WHICH IS THE PLATE.
DEFINING A PROPERTY – THICKNESS FOR THE PLATE -
CONTINUED

7. UPDATING OUR PLATE WITH MATERIAL AND
THICKNESS
• TO UPDATE THE PLATE WITH MATERIAL AND THICKNESS WE JUST CREATED, CLICK ON THE ICON SHOWN
ABOVE.
• NOW SELECT THE UPDATE BUTTON AS SHOWN BELOW.
• CLICK ON ‘COMPS’ IN YELLOW BUTTON AND SELECT YOUR COMPONENT.
• USING THE DOWN ARROW SELECT THE ‘NO CARD IMAGE’ OPTION.
• NOW CLICK ON PROPERTY BUTTON AND SELECT THE PROPERTY WHICH YOU HAD CREATED.
• CLICK ON UPDATE AND IN THE STATUS BAR YOU WILL SEE A MESSAGE ‘ COMPONENTS ARE UPDATED’.

8. MESHING THE PLATE
• NOW FOR MESHING THE PLATE JUST GO TO
2D>AUTOMESH COMMAND.
• SELECT THE SURFACE OF THE PLATE TO BE MESHED.
• PROVIDE THE ELEMENT SIZE AS 10 HERE AND CLICK
ON MESH.
• THEN CLICK ON RETURN.

9. DEFINING THE NAMES OF CONSTRAINTS AND LOADS
• CLICK ON THE LOAD COLLECTOR ICON SHOWN ABOVE.
• YOU WILL SEE THE FOLLOWING BOX SHOWN BELOW.
• WRITE A NAME ‘FIXED’ (OR ANYTHING YOU PREFER) FOR A FIXED LOAD WHICH WILL HOLD THE
PLATE FROM ONE END. PROVIDE IT GREEN COLOUR. CLICK ON CREATE.
• SIMILARLY, CREATE A LOAD NAME ‘FORCE’ WITH RED COLOUR.

10. DEFINING LOAD TYPE TO SYSTEM: LOADSTEPS CREATION
• GO TO ANALYSIS TAB UNDER 3D OPTION.
• CLICK ON LOADSTEPS AND YOU WILL SEE THE BOX AS SHOWN BELOW.
• CHECK ON SPC AND THEN CLICK ON ‘=‘ SIGN AND SELECT THE FIXED LOAD WE CREATED
PREVIOUSLY.
• SIMILARLY FOR ‘LOAD’ OPTION CHOOSE THE ‘FORCE’ LOAD WE CREATED PREVIOUSLY.
• THE ABOVE TWO STEPS ALLOWS SYSTEM TO KNOW THE NATURE OF LOADS WHICH WE WILL USE.
• ALSO, JUST GIVE A NAME ‘LOAD’ IN THE BOX BELOW. CLICK ON CREATE AND LOAD STEPS WILL BE
VISIBLE IN THE ENTITY COLUMN.

11. APPLYING THE FIXED LOAD TO THE PLATE: SPC CREATION
• IN THE ANALYSIS TAB ITSELF, YOU CAN SEE A COMMAND
‘CONSTRAINTS’.
• CLICKING ON THAT BUTTON WILL TAKE YOU TO THE BOX SHOWN
BELOW.
• MOST IMPORTANT: MAKE SURE THE RIGHTMOST BOTTOM CORNER
SHOWS FIXED. IF IT DOES’NT CLICK ON IT AND SELECT FIXED (GREEN
LOAD). THIS WILL ASSIGN THE CONSTRAINTS THE NATURE OF AN SPC.
• NOW CLICK ON NODES BUTTON AND SELECT THE NODES AS SHOWN.
• CLICK ON CREATE.

12. SPC’S CREATED
• YOU WILL SEE SPC’S OR CONSTRAINTS AS
SHOWN IN GREEN.

13. APPLYING A STATIC LOAD: FORCE CREATION
• IN THE ANALYSIS TAB ITSELF YOU CAN FIND A BUTTON NAMED ‘FORCES’.
• AFTER YOU CLICK ON THAT YOU WILL SEE A BOX AS SHOWN BELOW.
• MOST IMPORTANT: JUST CHECK THE THE RIGHTMOST BOTTOM CORNER DISPLAYS
‘FORCE’ WITH RED COLOUR AS SHOWN.
• PROVIDE MAGNITUDE AS -4.671 NEWTONS AND Z-AXIS AS SHOWN BELOW. – SIGN
SHOWS THAT IT’S DIRECTION IS IN – Z DIRECTION.
• TO KNOW, HOW I DECIDED THE MAGNITUDE OF FORCE SEE THE NEXT TO NEXT SLIDE.
• CLICK ON NODES AND SELECT NODES ON THE OTHER END OF THE PLATE AND CLICK
ON CREATE.

14. FORCES CREATED
• AFTER YOU CLICK ON CREATE, YOU MAY SEE FORCES
APPLIED IN RED COLOUR.
• JUST IN CASE THEY ARE VERY TINY, IN THE MAGNITUDE %
AS SHOWN IN PREVIOUS SLIDE ENTER 1000 AND JUST
PRESS ENTER.
• THE SIZE OF THE ARROWS WILL INCREASE.

15. FORCE MAGNITUDE CALCULATION
• I HAD DECIDED TO APPLY A LOAD OF 0.052 TONNES ON ONE END OF
THE PLATE.
• THEN I CONVERTED FORCE VALUE INTO NEWTON BY: F = M X G =
0.052X981 = 51.012 NEWTON.
• NOW THIS FORCE IS THE TOTAL FORCE WHICH WILL ACT ON THE PLATE
EDGE.
• BUT HERE, WE HAVE TO APPLY FORCE ON THE NODES, SO WE DIVIDE
THE TOTAL LOAD IN NEWTON BY TOTAL NUMBER OF NODES.
• AS WE CAN SEE HERE WE HAVE 11 NODES SO, 51.012/11 = 4.6 N ON
EACH NODE.

16. PERFORMING THE ANALYSIS: OPTISTRUCT
• CLICK ON OPTISTRUCT UNDER ANALYSIS TAB.
• SAVE FILE TO A DESIRED LOCATION AND NAME USING THE COMMANDS UNDER THE OPTISTRUCT.
• CLICK ON OPTISTRUCT AND A WINDOW WILL POP UP SHOWING YOU THE DETAILS OF ANALYSIS GOING ON.
• ANY ERRORS IF OCCUR WILL BE SHOWN IN THE WINDOW.
• IF THERE ARE NO ERRORS, YOU WILL SEE A MESSAGE ‘ANALYSIS COMPLETED’. CLOSE THAT WINDOW THEN.
• NOW, CLICK ON HYPERVIEW BELOW THE OPTISTRUCT BUTTON. A NEW WINDOW WILL OPEN UP SHOWN IN THE
NEXT SLIDE.

17. HYPERVIEW SCREEN

18. USING HYPERVIEW
• CLICK ON ‘APPLY’ IN RIGHTMOST BOTTOM CORNER AND SELECT ‘YES’ ON ANY MESSAGE THAT
POPS-UP.
• CLICK ON CONTOUR ICON AS SHOWN AND THEN IN RESULT TYPE SELECT DISPLACEMENT.
• NOW CLICK ON ‘APPLY’ BUTTON AS SHOWN.
• YOU WILL SEE THE PLATE TURNS INTO DIFFERENT COLOURED BANDS.
• RED SHOWS THE MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT WHILE THE BLUE SHOWS THE MINIMUM.
• UNDER THE DISPLACEMENT TAB YOU CAN ALSO FIND ELEMENT STRESSES OPTION. SELECT THAT
AND CLICK ON APPLY TO GET THE VISUAL OF THE STRESSES INDUCED IN THE PLATE.

19. DISPLACEMENT AND STRESSES

20. VISUALIZING THE SITUATION THROUGH MOTION
• CLICK ON DEFORMED ICON AS SHOWN.
• IN VALUE OPTION TYPE 10. THIS ACTUALLY SCALES VALUE OF DEFORMATION SO THAT IT IS VISIBLE
IN THE MOTION.
• SINCE WE APPLIED A VERY LESS LOAD, IT MIGHT BE POSSIBLE THAT IT DOES’NT SHOW UP IN THE
MOTION.
• CLICK ON APPLY. NOW CLICK ON THE PLAY BUTTON TO VIEW THE MOTION.

21. THANK YOU