This document provides an overview of tensile testing. It discusses tensile specimens, testing machines, stress-strain curves, and key mechanical properties measured by tensile tests such as strength, ductility, and elastic modulus. Tensile tests are used to select materials, ensure quality, compare new materials/processes, and predict behavior under other loads. Stress-strain curves are generated by applying tension to a specimen and recording the resulting force and elongation. Important aspects of the curves, like yield strength and plastic deformation, are defined.
Objective of the experiment:
1 - Study the relationship between the force (P) and
elongation (ΔL).
2 - Stability and study the relationship between strain (ε)
and stress (σ).
3 - Study the concept of the mechanical properties of solids.
4 - Establish a modulus of elasticity (E)
Objective of the experiment:
1 - Study the relationship between the force (P) and
elongation (ΔL).
2 - Stability and study the relationship between strain (ε)
and stress (σ).
3 - Study the concept of the mechanical properties of solids.
4 - Establish a modulus of elasticity (E)
This is a ppt which will give u a better understanding of fracture toughness of a material in short time. It also has great exposure to testing method that we do in our laboratory class in undergraduate courses. So good luck with slide.
SAIF ALDIN ALI MADIN
سيف الدين علي ماضي
S96aif@gmail.com
Torsion tesd
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
The objective of this experiment is to study the linearly elastic behavior
of metallic material under a torsion test. Torsion test measures the
strength of any material against maximum twisting forces. During this
experiment, a failure testing is done to our testing material which is a
steel. This failure testing involves twisting the material until it breaks
which helps demonstrates how materials undergo during testing
condition by measuring the applied torque with respect to the angle of
twist, the shear modulus, shear stress
At the limit of proportionality. The shear modulus of elasticity G and
Poisson's Ratio are determined for the specimen using torsional stressstrain relationship from the data collected during the experiment. The
fraction surface of our material at the end of the experiment is used to
stablish characteristics of the material,
Impact Testing of metals is performed to determine the impact resistance or toughness of materials by calculating the amount of energy absorbed during fracture. The impact test is performed at various temperatures to uncover any effects on impact energy. These services provide test results that can be very useful in assessing the suitability of a material for a specific application and in predicting its expected service life.
This is a ppt which will give u a better understanding of fracture toughness of a material in short time. It also has great exposure to testing method that we do in our laboratory class in undergraduate courses. So good luck with slide.
SAIF ALDIN ALI MADIN
سيف الدين علي ماضي
S96aif@gmail.com
Torsion tesd
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
The objective of this experiment is to study the linearly elastic behavior
of metallic material under a torsion test. Torsion test measures the
strength of any material against maximum twisting forces. During this
experiment, a failure testing is done to our testing material which is a
steel. This failure testing involves twisting the material until it breaks
which helps demonstrates how materials undergo during testing
condition by measuring the applied torque with respect to the angle of
twist, the shear modulus, shear stress
At the limit of proportionality. The shear modulus of elasticity G and
Poisson's Ratio are determined for the specimen using torsional stressstrain relationship from the data collected during the experiment. The
fraction surface of our material at the end of the experiment is used to
stablish characteristics of the material,
Impact Testing of metals is performed to determine the impact resistance or toughness of materials by calculating the amount of energy absorbed during fracture. The impact test is performed at various temperatures to uncover any effects on impact energy. These services provide test results that can be very useful in assessing the suitability of a material for a specific application and in predicting its expected service life.
Experiment 4 - Testing of Materials in Tension Object .docxSANSKAR20
Experiment 4 - Testing of Materials in Tension
Object: The object of this experiment is to measure the tensile properties of two polymeric
materials, steel and aluminum at a constant strain rate on the Tension testing machine.
Background: For structural applications of materials such as bridges, pressure vessels, ships,
and automobiles, the tensile properties of the metal material set the criteria for a safe design.
Polymeric materials are being used more and more in structural applications, particularly in
automobiles and pressure vessels. New applications emerge as designers become aware of
the differences in the properties of metals and polymers and take full advantage of them. The
analyses of structures using metals or plastics require that the data be available.
Stress-Strain: The tensile properties of a material are obtained by pulling a specimen of
known geometry apart at a fixed rate of straining until it breaks or stretches to the machines
limit. It is useful to define the load per unit area (stress) as a parameter rather than load to
avoid the confusion that would arise from the fact that the load and the change in length are
dependent on the cross-sectional area and original length of the specimen. The stress,
however, changes during the test for two reasons: the load increases and the cross-sectional
area decreases as the specimen gets longer.
Therefore, the stress can be calculated by two formulae which are distinguished as
engineering stress and true stress, respectively.
(1) = P/Ao= Engineering Stress (lbs/in
2 or psi)
P = load (lbs)
Ao= original cross-sectional area (in
2)
(2) T= P/Ai = True Stress
Ai = instantaneous cross-sectional area (in
2)
Likewise, the elongation is normalized per unit length of specimen and is called strain. The
strain may be based on the original length or the instantaneous length such that
(3) =(lf - lo)/ lo = l / lo = Engineering Strain, where
lf= final gage length (in)
lo= original gage length (in)
(4) T= ln ( li / lo ) = ln (1 +) = True Strain, where
li = instantaneous gage length (in)
ln = natural logarithm
For a small elongation the engineering strain is very close to the true strain when l=1.2 lo,
then = 0.2 and T= ln 1.2 = 0.182. The engineering stress is related to the true stress by
(5) T= (1 + )
The true stress would be 20% higher in the case above where the specimen is 20% longer
than the original length. As the relative elongation increases, the true strain will become
significantly less than the engineering strain while the true stress becomes much greater than
the engineering stress. When l= 4.0 lo then = 3.0 but the true strain =ln 4.0 = 1.39.
Therefore, the true strain is less than 1/2 of the engineering strain. The true stress (T) = (1+
3.0) = 4, or the true stress is 4 times the engineering stress.
Tensile Test Nom ...
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
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