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Ppt on water pollution
This presentation discusses various types and sources of water pollution. It defines water pollution as any change in water quality that harms living organisms or makes the water unsuitable for use. Major sources of water pollution include agriculture, industry, mining, urban and suburban runoff. The presentation covers how water pollution is measured, the differences between point and nonpoint sources, and the effects of pollution on freshwater streams, lakes, groundwater, and oceans. Key impacts include eutrophication of lakes from excess nutrients, and biomagnification of toxins up the aquatic food chain. Developing countries face serious water pollution problems from lack of sewage treatment and enforcement of environmental laws.
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Ppt on water pollution
- 1. Presentation on WATER POLLUTION Dr.Vivek Kumar
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- 3. What is waterpollution? Any chemical, biological, or physical change in water quality that has a harmful effect on living organisms or makes water unsuitable for desired usage.
- 4. What is waterpollution? WHO: • 3.4 million premature deaths each year from waterborne diseases • 1.9 million from diarrhea • U.S. 1.5 million illnesses • 1993 Milwaukee 370,000 sick
- 5. What is waterpollution? Need to study Table 22-1 Page 492 Infectious Agents: bacteria and viruses often from animal wastes Oxygen Demanding Wastes: organic waste that needs oxygen often from animal waste, paper mills and food processing. Inorganic Chemicals: Acids and toxic chemicals often from runoff, industries and household cleaners
- 6. What is waterpollution? Organic Chemicals: oil, gasoline, plastics, detergents often from surface runoff, industries and cleaners Plant Nutrients: water soluble nitrates, ammonia and phosphates often from sewage, agriculture and urban fertilizers Sediment: soils and silts from land erosion can disrupt photosynthesis, destroy spawning grounds, clog rivers and streams Heat Pollution and Radioactivity: mostly from powerplants
- 7. How do wemeasure water quality Bacterial Counts: Fecal coliform counts from intestines of animals • None per 100 ml for drinking • >200 per 100 ml for swimming Sources: human sewage, animals, birds, raccoons, etc. See table 22-2 on page 493 for diseases transmitted by contaminated drinking water.
- 8. How do wemeasure water quality Dissolved Oxygen: BOD Biological Oxygen Demand…the amount of oxygen consumed by aquatic decomposers Chemical Analysis: looking for presence of inorganic or organic chemicals Suspended Sediment water clarity
- 9. How do wemeasure water quality Indicator Species: organisms that give an idea of the health of the water body. • Mussels, oysters and clams filter water
- 10. Types, Effects andSources of Water Pollution Point sources Nonpoint sources Water quality Fig. 22-3 p. 494
- 11. Point and NonpointSources NONPOINT SOURCES Urban streets Suburban development Wastewater treatment plant Rural homes Cropland Factory Animal feedlot POINT SOURCES Fig. 22-4 p. 494
- 12. Major Sources ofWater Pollution Agriculture: by far the leader • Sediment, fertilizers, bacteria from livestock, food processing, salt from soil irrigation Industrial: factories and powerplants Mining: surface mining toxics, acids, sediment
- 13. Freshwater Stream Pollution Flowingstreams can recover from moderate level of degradable water pollution if their flows are not reduced. • Natural biodegradation process • Does not work if overloaded or stream flow reduced • Does not work against non biodegradable pollutants
- 14. Pollution of Streams Oxygen sag curve Factors influencing recovery Fig. 22-5 p. 496 What factors will influence this oxygen sag curve?
- 15. Two WorldsDeveloping Countries: Seriousand growing problem • Half of world’s 500 major rivers heavily polluted • Sewage treatment minimal $$$ • Law enforcement difficult • 10% of sewage in China treated • Economic growth with little $$$ to clean up
- 16. India’s Ganges River •Holy River (1 million take daily holy dip) • 350 million (1/3rd of pop) live in watershed • Little sewage treatment • Used for bathing, drinking etc. • Bodies (cremated or not) thrown in river • Good news is the Indian government is beginning to work on problem
- 18. Freshwater Lake Pollution Dilutionas a solution in lakes less effective • Little vertical mixing • Little water flow (flushing) Makes them more vulnerable • Toxins settle • Kill bottom life • Atmospheric deposition • Food chain disruptions
- 19. Biomagnifications of PCBs inan aquatic food chain from the Great Lakes. See figure 22-6 on page 498
- 20. Eutrophication of Lakes Eutrophication:nutrient enrichment of lakes mostly from runoff of plant nutrients (nitrates and phosphates) • During hot dry weather can lead to algae blooms • Decrease of photosynthesis • Dying algae then drops DO levels • Fish kills, bad odor
- 21. Pollution of Lakes Eutrophication Fig.22-7 p. 499
- 22. Groundwater Pollution: Causes Low flow rates Few bacteria Cold temperatures Coal strip mine runoff Pumping well Waste lagoon Accidental spills Groundwater flow Confined aquifer Discharge Leakage from faulty casing Hazardous waste injection well Pesticides Gasoline station Buried gasoline and solvent tank Sewer Cesspool septic tank De-icing road salt Water pumping well Landfill Low oxygen Fig. 22-9 p. 502
- 23. Groundwater Pollution Prevention Monitor aquifers Leak detection systems Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Store hazardous materials above ground Find less hazardous substitutes
- 25. Ocean Pollution Oceans candisperse and break down large quantities of degradable pollution if they are not overloaded. • Pollution worst near heavily populated coastal zones • Wetlands, estuaries, coral reefs, mangrove swamps • 40% of world’s pop. Live within 62 miles of coast
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