Soil pollution is defined as changes to the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil caused by human activity. It is caused by excessive use of chemicals like pesticides and fertilizers, soil erosion, industrial and urban waste, radioactive waste, and acid rain. Effects include reduced soil fertility, loss of nutrients, and damage to microorganisms, plants, and human health. Prevention methods include reducing chemical use, proper waste disposal, recycling, afforestation, and enacting environmental laws. Individuals and industries must work together to control measures like using biodegradable waste and minimizing chemical usage to reduce soil pollution.

1. SOIL POLLUTION

2.  INTRODUCTION
 DEFINITION
 CAUSES
 EFFECTS
 PREVENTION
 AREA-WISE STATISTICS IN INDIA
 LAWS AND ACTS FOR PREVENTION
 ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL
 ROLE OF NURSES
 CONTROL MEASURES
 ACTIVISTS & NGOs
 PERSONAL EXPERIENCE
 SOIL POLLUTION IN OUR LOCALITY
 WHERE TO COMPLAIN?
 CONCLUSION
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
CONTENTS

3. 
INTRODUCTION
Soil is one of the most
significant ecological factors,
which is derived from the
transformation of surface
rocks. It is nothing but soil on
which plants depend for their
nutrients , water and minerals
supply and anchorage. It
constitutes an important
medium where in numerous
animals live.

4. 
DEFINITION
Soil pollution is defined as
the change in physical ,
chemical and biological
conditions of the soil
through man’s
intervention resulting in
degradation in quality.

5. 
CAUSES
USE OF CHEMICALS
 Excessive use of pesticides, insecticides,
fertilizers increases salinity of soil.
 It adversely affects the micro-organisms
present in it causing soil to lose its
fertility.
SOIL EROSION
 It occurs when top soil moves from one
place to other as a result of various
natural and man-made factors.
 Leads to decrease in the soil’s capacity to
retain water.

6. 
CAUSES
Salty water
 Use of water with high salinity causes
soil pollution.
 This salty water present in the soil
becomes a cause for studded growth of
the crops.
Urban waste
 Both domestic and commercial waste are
known as urban waste.
 It contains garbage, rubbish, material
like papers, plastics, glasses, bottles and
dried sludge of sewage.

7. 
CAUSES
Industrial waste
 Most of the industrial waste rejected
materials like calcium carbonate,
magnesium, sulphate are dumped over
the soil surface by the industries.
 This causes toxicity of soil.
Underground waste
 Deposition of many agricultural
chemicals in the underground layers has
distributed the normal activities.
 Living of earthworms, centipede, frogs,
rats underground has greatly distributed
the ecological equilibrium is badly
affected.

8. 
CAUSES
Radioactive waste
 Storage and disposal of radioactive
waste from nuclear power plants
causes soil pollution . examples:
strontium 90, iodine 131, barium 140
 They gets deposited on the top soil &
emits continuously gamma radiations.
Acid rain
 It is caused by air pollution
 The acidic water falls on the soil and
pollutes it by making the soil acidic.
 Soil looses its nutrient due to high
solubility in acidic water.

9. 
CAUSES
Waste from mining
 Huge holes are dug in the ground.
 Waste obtained from mining left on site
in the form of soil heaps.
 The waste contains toxic and poisonous
substances which when leach into the
soil due to the rain fall.
Leakage of toxins
 Faulty landfills.
 Bursting of underground bins.
 Seepage from faulty sewage systems.

10. 
CAUSES
Dumping of solid waste
 Soil waste includes garbage , domestic
refuse.
 Discarded soil material from commercial
, industry & agricultural operations.
These materials pollutes the soil.
Oil & petroleum spills
 Petroleum spills from gas stations,
fuel tanks or other activities can result
in elevated levels of contaminants in
the soil.
 Such as benzene, toluene, and xylene.
 Oil spills cause poor grows of plants.

11. 
EFFECTS
On Micro-organisms
 Change in genetic make-up of the soil.
 Certain animals dies.
 Loss of supply of food chain.
 Imbalance in food chain.
Effects on soil
 It leads to soil infertility.
 Decreases in soil yield.
 It results in lose of nutrients present in
the soil.

12. 
EFFECTS
Effect on Bio accumulation
 Grown in polluted soil absorbs
molecules of the pollutants , which
accumulates in the plants.
 By eating this pollutant plants, animal
take on all the pollution
 By eating this plants and animals
pollutants may cause poison in human
body.
Organ damage
 Presence of heavy materials in the soil
such as lead & mercury causes
developmental damage in children.
 It leads to neurological damage.
 May suffer also kidney and liver
damage.

13. 
EFFECTS
Economic loss
 Soil pollution causes economic damage.
 Polluted soil with heavy metals is not
used to grow grains.
 Farmers are hence in loss.
photosynthesis
 Soil polluted by acid rain have an impact
on plants.
 Disrupts the soil chemistry.
 Reduces plants ability to take up
nutrients and undergoes photo
synthesis.

14. 
EFFECTS
On agriculture
 High dose of pesticide zinc, copper ,
such metals in soil reduces soil fertility.
 30% of irrigated land of the world is
affected by salinity.
Industrial waste
 Destroy bacteria and beneficial micro-
organisms in the soil.
 Product such as synthetic fibre, plastics
produces toxic vapour.

15. 
PREVENTION
 Reduce use of pesticides,
insecticides &
fungicides.
 Overuse of these
chemicals leads to soil
pollution.
 Manures &bio fertilizers
like rhizobium can be
used to increase fertility
of the soil.

16. 
PREVENTION
 Waste should be disposed
off properly to avoid
pollution.
 Acidic & alkaline waste
should be neutralized
before they are disposed
of so they don’t
contaminate the soil.
 Biodegradable waste
should be broken down
before disposing it off.

17. 
PREVENTION
 Proper disposal of
industrial waste.
 Waste reduction
techniques.
 Recycling.

18. 
PREVENTION
 Proper drainage system
 Large holes
 Renovation of drain

19. 
PREVENTION
 Reforestation i.e.
planting more trees
 Animal waste to be
used as manure.

20. 
PREVENTION
 Proper waste disposal
at home.
 E.g. Separate wet and
dry waste.

21. 
The overall per hectare consumptions of fertilizers rose from a mere 0.55kg in 1950-51 to 67 kg
in 1992-93 and to 89.8 kg in 2003-2004.
AREA WISE STATISTICS IN
INDIA
HARYANA
PUNJAB
ANDHRA PRADESH
MANIPUR
UTTAR PRADESH
WESTBENGAL
ARUNACHALPRADESH
NAGALAND
MIZORAM
SIKKIM
PER HECTARE CONSUMPTIONS OF NPK
FERTILIZERS

24. 
There is no specific legislation which deals in land pollution
particularly . unlike other pollutions it’s also touched by the
Environmental protection act EPA. Some acts are
 EPA 2(e)
 Hazardous wastes(Management, handling & trans-boundary
movement) Rules 2008.
 The manufacture, storage, import of hazardous chemicals rules
1989.
 the chemical accidents rules 1996
 Hazardous micro-organisms rules 1989.
 Bio-medical waste (management & handling) rules 1998
 Plastic manufacturers sales and usage rules 1999
 The municipal solid waste rules 2000.
LAWS & ACTS FOR
PREVENTION

25. 
 Avoid using non-cyclic plastic products. Don’t throw
plastics on the road.
 Industries should dispose the chemical waste properly.
 Enacting environmental laws and taking legal against
environmental offenders.
 Dumping of non biodegradable wastes in low-lying
areas.
 People must be educate about pollutions by public
awareness activities.
ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL

26. 
 Nurses and health workers should maintain colour
of the bucket and dispose wastages in proper area.
 They should aware people about wastages disposal
and pollution.
ROLES OF NURSES

27. 
 Biodegradable wastes used for biogas…and non-
biodegradable wastes may be recycled.
 Planting of trees must be encouraged.
 Disposal of hazardous radioactive wastes into soil
should be prohibited.
 Solid waste can also be used for electricity
generation.
 Use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides should be
minimised.
CONTROL MEASURES

28. 
 Eco-Drive(NGO)
 Terra conscious(NGO)
 Conflict and Environment
Observatory(NGO)
 Anadish Palv(ACTIVIST)
 Sunita Narain(ACTIVIST)
 Vandana Shiva(ACTIVIST)
ACTIVISTS & NGOs

29. 
SOIL POLLUTION IN OUR
LOCALITY

30. 
 We can complain to West bengal pollution control
board. The link is :
http://emis.wbpcb.gov.in/emis/citizen/pg/pg.do
WHERE TO
COMPLAIN?

31. 
In conclusion, soil pollution is an environmental issue
that touches on all aspects of life. Soil pollution is
causes by human activity, which can be controlled.
Consequences of soil pollution are similar to those of
other forms of pollution because the nature of
pollutants are chemicals. Health of living things relies
on a clean environment.
CONCLUSIONS

32. 
 The Polluters: The Making of Our Chemically
Altered Environment By Benjamin Ross; Steven
Amter
 Pollution Prevention and Community
Environmental Health: Opening Doors through
Cooperation and Partnerships By Lewis, Harry
 Wikipedia.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

33. 
STOP WAITING FOR THINGS TO HAPPEN, GO
OUT AND MAKE THEM HAPPEN!
GREEN INDIA, CLEAN INDIA

34. 
THANK YOU