Water pollution is a major global problem that causes thousands of deaths daily. It occurs when pollutants from sources like sewage, industrial waste, and household waste contaminate rivers, lakes and oceans without adequate treatment. Common causes include disease-causing pathogens, thermal pollution from power plants, and organic and inorganic chemical waste from industries and food processing. Groundwater is also at risk of pollution from chemical spills and ongoing releases that seep into aquifers from the soil above. Measures to control water pollution include proper waste disposal, industrial effluent treatment, use of sewage treatment plants, reducing fertilizer use, and regular water quality monitoring.

1. WATER POLLUTION

2. WHAT IS WATER POLLUTION?
 Water pollution is the major contamination of water
bodies like rivers, lakes, ocean etc. This form of
environmental degradation occurs when pollutants are
directly or indirectly discharged into water bodies without
adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.

3. CONTENTS:
INTRODUCTION
SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION
CAUSES
GROUNDWATER POLLUTION
MEASUREMENTS TO CONTROL WATER POLLUTION

4. INTRODUCTION:
Water pollution is the major global problem which requires ongoing
evaluation of water resource policy at all levels (international down to
individual aquifers and wells). It has been suggested that it is a
leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases and that it accounts
for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily. An estimated 580
people in India die of water pollution related illness every day. In
addition to the acute problems of water pollution in developing
countries, developed countries continue to struggle with pollution
problems as well.

5. SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION:
 Sea wage Leakage
Industrial waste dumped into water
Pollution of Groundwater through
drilling activities
Household waste
Animal waste

6. CAUSES:
 Panthogens:
Disease-causing microorganisms are referred to us panthogens. Although the vast majority of bacteria are
harmless or beneficial, a few panthogenic bacteria can cause disease.
 Thermal pollution:
Thermal pollution is the rise or fall in the temperature of a natural body of water caused by human
influence. Thermal pollution, unlike chemical pollution, results in a change of physical properties of water. A
common cause of thermal pollution is the use of water as a coolant by power of plants and industrial
manufacturers.
 Organic water pollutants include:
*Detergents
*Disinfection by-products found in chemically disinfected drinking water,
such as chloroform
*Food processing waste, which can include oxygen-demanding substances,
fats and grease.
 Inorganic water pollution include:
*Acidity caused by industrial discharges (especially sulfur dioxide from power plants)
*Ammonia from food processing waste
*Chemical waste as industrial by-products

7. GROUNDWATER POLLUTION:
• Interactions between groundwater and surface water are complex. Groundwater
pollution sometimes referred to as groundwater contamination, is not as easily
classified as surface water pollution. By its very nature, groundwater aquifers as
susceptible to contamination from sources that may not directly affect surface
water bodies, and the distinction of points vs. non- point sources may be
irrelevant. A spill or ongoing releases of chemical or radionuclide contaminants
into soil. Analysis of Groundwater contamination may focuses on the soil
characteristics and site geology, hydrogeology, hydrology, and the nature of
contaminants.

8. MEASURES TO CONTROL WATER POLLUTION:
• We should not throw solid waste into the water bodies.
• There should be proper check to prevent the disposal of toxic
chemical waste from industries into natural bodies of water.
• Prevention of untreated sewers by setting up of treatment plants.
(STP’s)
• To check the excessive use of inorganic fertilizers
which are a major cause of groundwater pollution.

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