water pollution
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This document discusses various sources and effects of water pollution. It identifies key sources of water pollution as domestic/municipal, agricultural, industrial, oil spills, marine dumping, and burning fossil fuels. Water pollution can have serious negative impacts on human health, ecosystems, animals, and economies. It discusses specific pollutants like sewage, nutrients, pesticides, toxic chemicals, and their adverse effects. The document also outlines some methods to control water pollution, including implementing laws and regulations, international conventions, and practices like reducing chemical usage, organic farming, and reforestation.
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water pollution
- 2. CONTENT Introduction Sources of water pollution Lorem Effects of water pollution. 8/8/2020 2 Lorem Controlling methods.
- 3. What is water pollution ? Any chemical, biological or physical change in water quality that has a harmful effect on living organisms or makes water unsuitable for desired usage
- 4. source: WHO/UNICEF, Emergency Event Database via PBL
- 5. Water statistics • According to WHO details: 3.4 million premature deaths each year from waterborne diseases 1.9 million from diarrhea U.S 1.5 million illnesses • 600 million people – nearly half india’s population – face acute water shortage, with also to 200,000 dying each year from polluted water.
- 6. Water Pollutants • Water pollutant is a substance that pollutes water • Dirt • Bacteria • Nutrients • Heavy metals • Acidity caused by industrial discharges • Chemical water • Fertilizers from agricultural use • Silt from construction sites, burn operation etc. • Chemical from cosmetics products
- 7. Types of water pollution • Nutrients Pollution • process where too many nutrients, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus, are added to water bodies and can act like fertilizer, causing excessive growth of algae • Primary cause of eutrophication • Too much algae will also use up all the oxygen in the water, and other water organisms in the water will die out of oxygen starvation. • Surface water pollution • Hazardous substances coming into contact with this surface water, dissolving or mixing physically with the water • Most visible form of pollution • Found on the earth's surface, like rivers, lakes, lagoons and oceans • Ground water pollution • Found in soil or under rock structure or aquifers • Usually caused by highly toxic chemicals and pesticides from farming that leak through the ground to contaminate the wells and aquifers below the surface
- 8. • Suspended Matter pollution • The suspended particles eventually settle and cause a thick silt at the bottom • Biodegradable substances are often suspended in water and can cause problems by increasing the amount of anaerobic microorganisms present • This is harmful to marine life that lives on the floor of rivers or lakes • Chemical Water Pollution • Many industries and farmers work with chemicals that end up in water • These are poisonous to many forms of aquatic life and may slow their development, make them infertile and kill them • Oil Spillage • Oil spills usually have only a localized effect on wildlife but can spread for miles • The oil can cause the death to many fish and get stuck to the feathers of seabirds causing them to lose their ability to fly.
- 9. • Oxygen Depleting • Microorganisms that in water and feeds on biodegradable substances • It encourages more microorganism growth, and they use up more oxygen in the water • If oxygen is depleted, aerobic organisms die, and anaerobic organisms grow more to produce harmful toxins such as ammonia and sulfides • Microbiological pollution • Usually a natural form of water pollution caused by microorganisms • Microorganisms such as: Bacteria, Viruses, Protozoa • Serious diseases such as cholera come from microorganisms that live in water
- 10. Categories of pollution sources • Point source water pollutants: pollutants that are discharged from specific/ known locations • Non point source pollutants: water pollutants that are discharged over a large area
- 12. 1.Domestic / municipal 2.Agricultural 3.Industrial 4.Oil Spillage 5.Marine dumping 6.Burning of fossil fuels Contaminants and their sources
- 13. 1.Domestic / municipal Sewage water from homes/businesses Household cleaning agents, detergents Dumping garbage into Waterways
- 14. 2.Agricultural Sediment eroded from Agricultural lands Fertilizers Pesticides Food processing waste Excess salts from soils of irrigated crop lands Livestock
- 15. 3.Industrial Coal ash/heat from power plants Toxic organic/inorganic chemical waste Oil/natural gas during drilling Mining activities
- 16. 4.Oil Spillage Offshore petroleum refineries cause oil leakage Accidental oil leakages
- 17. 5.Marine dumping Adapted from https://research.cbc.osu.edu/reel/research-modules/environmental-chemistry/methods/ph
- 18. 6. Burning of fossil fuels Adapted from https://research.cbc.osu.edu/reel/research-modules/environmental-chemistry/methods/ph
- 19. Effects of Water Pollution • Water pollution poses serious threats to the environment and organisms! • The effects can be catastrophic which depends on • The type of pollutant • Concentrations of the pollutants • Where they are polluted
- 20. Water pollution has adverse effects on 1. Human Health • Causes Death • Cause water-borne and other diseases 2. Ecosystems • Nutrient pollution causing eutrophication • Depletion of oxygen levels in water bodies • Disruption of food chains 3. Animals • Death of animals and other toxic effects 4. Economy • Huge cost for water purification • Economic losses for industries like fishing
- 21. Effects of water pollutants Effect Of Sewage And BOD Problem: 1. Organic wastes increase the demand in oxygen creating low oxygen conditions 2. Bacterial population increases with active growth of sewage fungus 3. Protozoa species that feed on bacteria increases 4. The oxygen depletion causes a decrease of algae and clean water fauna 5. Fish being sensitive to DO concentration are eliminated through mass fish deaths 6. Still water bodies have increased developments of algal blooms
- 22. Effects of Pesticides, Detergents and Synthetic Fertilizers: 1. Pesticides • Accumulate in the tissues of aquatic organisms through bio-concentration and biological magnification • Adversely affect their metabolic processes including reproduction • Affect many non-target organisms 1. Physiological effects • Death • Sterility • Other dysfunctions 2. Behavioural effects 3. Pathological effects
- 23. 2. Detergents • Increase in the phosphorus in sewage effluents • Extensive growth of algae • Depletes the DO content of water • Disrupts the natural food chains 3. Fertilizers • Nitrates accumulate in water • Nitrates are reduced to toxic nitrates by intestinal bacteria in animals • Nitrates can cause a serious disease • Which can damage respiratory and vascular systems and even cause suffocation
- 24. Effects of Hazardous Pollutants (Toxic Metals and Other Chemicals): 1. Inorganic pollutants include As and the metals Cd, Hg, Pb, Ni, Zn and Cu • kill or sicken fish and other aquatic animals 2. Organic pollutants like benzene, toluene, chloroform, formaldehyde and many pesticides such as Parathion • Associated with leukemia and aplastic anaemia • Cause irritations in eyes, skin and lungs • Cause headache and dizziness • Carcinogenic • Cause kidney and liver damage
- 25. Effects of Pathogenic Micro-organisms: 1. Micro-organisms (bacteria, viruses and protozoa) can cause infections. 2. Infectious micro- organisms in drinking water cause waterborne diseases 3. Deaths related to contaminated drinking water
- 26. Effects of oil spills (Marine Pollution): 1. Kill or adversely affect fish, phytoplankton and zooplankton, and birds and mammals 2. Kill or reduce populations of organisms living in coastal sands and rocks 3. Kill the insects and worms that serves as food to many birds and other animals 4. When oil moves into coastal wetlands, it kills fish, shrimps, birds and other animals 5. Foul beaches used for swimming
- 27. Effects of Acids Deposition: 1. Lowers pH of water 2. Kills all the organisms in these water bodies 3. Reduced rate of photosynthesis and growth and increased sensitivity to drought and disease in green plants 4. Nutrients like nitrates may be leached from the soil by acid runoff waters 5. The activity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria is inhibited, thus reducing soil fertility
- 28. Effects of Thermal Pollution: 1. Mortality of fish and other desirable organisms 2. Causes interference in spawning and reproduction of fish 3. Most freshwater fauna populations decline with rising temperatures 4. Green algae and diatoms are reduced in numbers 5. There is increased growth of blue-green algae and sewage fungus 6. Reduction in DO content of water 7. Effects thermal pollution causes increased vulnerability to disease and permits invasion of organisms that are tolerant to warm water and disturb ecological balance
- 29. Effect of Eutrophication: 1. Low levels of DO 2. Lager diatoms and filamentous algae clog water treatment plant filters 3. Toxic algae have sometimes been associated with eutrophication in coastal regions causes “red tide” 4. Paralytic shellfish poisoning 5. Excessive growths of rooted aquatic macrophytes interfere with navigation, aeration and channel-carrying capacity 6. The algal blooms impair water quality by giving it a bad taste and odour
- 31. • Keep out oils, fat, or grease from the sink. • Abstain from flushing contaminated liquids, pills, drugs, or medications down the drain. • Ensure minimal use of bleach or detergents. • Install water-efficient household appliances. • Avoid direct dumping into water systems. • Insist on using environmentally safe products. • Skip the use of plastics. Domestic / Municipal
- 32. • Use renewable resources rather than non-renewable resources • Reduce the use of herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers. • Practice organic farming. • Proper effluent treatment and management. • Dispose motor oil, batteries or antifreeze at specially assigned collection points. Agricultural/ Industrial
- 33. Implementationof laws and regulations. • National Environmental Act Restriction regulation and control of pollution of the inland waters. (https://followmyvote.com/voter-id-laws-show-little-movement/)
- 34. International Conventions. • Convention on the Protection and Use of Trans boundary Watercourses and International Lakes. • London Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter. • MARPOL 73/78 • International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil
- 35. Reforestation or practice planting trees. (https://www.aspiretrainingteam.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/trees.jpg)
- 36. References • Dojlido, J. and Best, G.A., 1993. Chemistry of water and water pollution. Ellis Horwood Limited. • Cerejeira, M.J., Viana, P., Batista, S., Pereira, T., Silva, E., Valério, M.J., Silva, A., Ferreira, M. and Silva-Fernandes, A.M., 2003. Pesticides in Portuguese surface and ground waters. Water research, 37(5), pp.1055- 1063 • Sasakova, N., Gregova, G., Takacova, D., Mojzisova, J., Papajova, I., Venglovsky, J., Szaboova, T. and Kovacova, S., 2018. Pollution of surface and ground water by sources related to agricultural activities. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 2, p.42
- 37. THANK YOU!
Editor's Notes
- This is a map of the world. Arrocoding to the this map 138,000 people are died by disasters and conflict.but due to the unsafe water,780 000 people are died. So un safe water kills more people than disasters and conflict. So water pollution is major environmental issue of the world Usually developing countires death % is higher than the developed countires. Bcz they have high population,poor sanitary facilities and economic
- According to these water pollutants ,have many number of water pollution types
- There are many types of water pollution because water comes from many sources. Here are we describe a few types of water pollution ... Surface water- can be called surface water pollution
- Some pollutants are not dissolve in water bodies. They ara suspended to the bottom of the water.they biodegrate obtain oxygen of the water body So this process can be affected to the other aquatic organinsms and they will be died Bp oil spill in 2010 is good expl . in here,more than 1000 ,animals are dead
- Many types of microorganisms live in water and cause fish, land animals and humans to become ill. Microorganisms such as: Bacteria……. .due to the microbiological pollutin cn be appeared ……. These diseases usually affect the health of people in poorer countries, as they do not have the facilities to treat polluted water.
- There are two Categories of pollution sources Point source and Non point source
- farms
- There are may ways water pollution can happen .Among them major sources of water pollution are
- this includes sewage water from homes or businesses, which contain sanitary sewage, variety of dissolved and suspended pollutants ,disease causing microbes and chemicals contained in washing household cleaning agents, detergents, as well as dumping of garbage into waterways are also considered AS Pollutants sources. More than 80 percent of the world’s wastewater flows back into the environment without being treated , according to the United Nations; in some least-developed countries, the figure tops 95 percent.
- Agriculture is by far the leading cause of water pollution around the world, with pollutants such as sediment eroded from agricultural lands, fertilizers, pesticides, bacteria from livestock, food processing waste and excess salts from soils of irrigated crop lands all contributing to water pollution. agricultural sector the biggest consumer of global freshwater resources, with farming and livestock production using about 70 percent of the earth’s surface water supplies, Every time it rains, fertilizers, pesticides, and animal waste from farms and livestock operations wash nutrients and pathogens into our waterways. Nutrient pollution, caused by excess nitrogen and phosphorus in water or air, is the number-one threat to water quality worldwide
- This is the second largest cause of water pollution with pollutants such as coal ash from power plants, (thermal pollution)toxic organic and inorganic chemical waste, oil and natural gas during drilling contributing to water pollution. They contain pollutants such as lead, mercury, sulphur, asbestos, nitrates and many other harmful chemicals. Many industries do not have proper waste management system and drain the waste in the fresh water which goes into rivers, canals and later in to sea Mining activities emit several metal waste and sulphides from the rocks and is harmful for the water
- Oil tankers and offshore petroleum refineries cause oil leakage polluting water. Accidental oil leakage also add to water pollution Ship accidents and accidental oil spillages at the sea can be very damaging to marine environment.
- Marine dumping is one more major impact which pollutes sea The garbage produce by each household is collected and deposited into the sea in some countries
- A major contributor of increasing acidity in freshwater ecosystems is acid rain. Pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are released from human sources such as automobile exhaust, factory smoke, and any other burning of fossil fuels These pollutants can form airborne acids (nitric and sulfuric acid) that dissolve in water vapor and make it acidic When this water vapor condenses into rain, it falls into rivers, lakes and streams introducing hydrogen ions thus decreasing the pH.
- Water pollution may pose serious threat to the environment as well as lives. The effects can be catastrophic, depending on the kind of chemicals, concentrations of the pollutants and where there are polluted
- Organic wastes increase the demand in oxygen creating low oxygen conditions Bacterial population rapidly increases with active growth of sewage fungus Protozoa species that feed on bacteria increase in numbers The oxygen depletion causes a decrease of algae and clean water fauna Fish being sensitive to DO concentration are often eliminated through mass fish deaths Lentic water bodies have increased developments of algal blooms
- Acid rain or acid deposition, which lowers the pH of lakes and streams to 4 or 5, adversely affects fish, algae and other sensitive organisms
- Causes interference in spawning and reproduction of fish since all fish require an optimum temperature for breeding
- Large diurnal variations in DO can result in low levels of DO at night, which in turn can result in the death of desirable fish species
- an agreement between countries covering particular matters to improve national attempts and measures for protection and management of transboundary surface waters and groundwaters . The objective of this convention is to preserve the marine environment in an attempt to completely eliminate pollution by oil and other harmful substances and to minimize accidental spillage of such substances
- Planting trees reduce the speed of surface water runoff and as such, lessens erosion and prevents toxic substances and chemicals from washing into water systems Water is life”S matter and matrix, there is no life with out water .