This document discusses various types of water pollutants including pathogens from sewage, organic waste from industrial and agricultural activities, chemical pollutants from industry and mining, excess sediments, and excess nutrients that can cause eutrophication. It provides examples of point source pollutants from factories and non-point source pollutants from agricultural runoff and urban areas. Prevention methods include reducing water usage, properly disposing of household waste, and minimizing the use of fertilizers and pesticides.
The water contamination is a widely common problem relating to the field of environmental and water resource engineering. It requires very sophisticated techniques to prevent the occurrence of contamination in ground or shallow water resources by all available prevention methods. This research discusses the different sources of ground water contamination and the effects of contaminated water on the health and environment. In addition to some details about the protection methods to keep water usable and finally recommendations and conclusion.
The term heavy metal refers to any metallic chemical element that has a relatively high density and is toxic or poisonous at low concentrations.
Heavy metals are Globally distributed
pollutants
We can work together to keep the environment clean so the plants, animals and people who depend on it remain healthy :) Working together, we can make pollution less of a problem and make our world a better place :D :)
Created by Earl Herson Laput from University of Southeastern Philippines taking Bachelor of Science in Secondary Education Major in Biological Science.
This presentation deals with the recent advancement in the field of ground water sampling and analysis technique and water born survey as well as Indian scenario to interpret.
cambodia water pollution,anh mayanabia,water,pollution water,puc student,partnership,puc,anhpresentation,environment,environment of cambodia,http://www.anhinfo.blogspot.com,
Over the last decade, demand for spring management has increased as traditional spring sources have started drying up or becoming contaminated. In response, communities, NGOs and state agencies began dedicated spring protection programmes. In the Himalayas, the State of Sikkim and organizations such as Central Himalayan Action and Research Group (CHIRAG) and People Science Institute (PSI) started identifying and protecting spring recharge areas around 2007. The difference between these programmes and many other previous efforts is that they went beyond supply-side improvements to focus on the use of hydrogeology to map springsheds for targeted interventions.
The Advanced Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (ACWADAM), a research and capacity-building organization comprised of hydrogeologists and other experts began lending their expertise and building capacity of stakeholders. ACWADAM provides technical support, training and materials in hydrogeology to all network partners as well as others in India and the region. Similar programmes began independently in most of the mountain regions of India. Arghyam, a funding organization that was supporting many of these programmes, noticed that these disparate initiatives shared commonalities despite geographic diversity. They thus organized and funded a meeting of these various organizations in June 2014, and the Springs Initiative was born.
The springs initiative aims to tackle the current water crisis and to ensure safe and sustainable access to water for all, by promoting responsible and appropriate management of aquifers, springsheds, and watersheds and conserving ecosystems in partnership with communities, governments and other stakeholders.
This presentation has been developed as a part of the springs initiative to promote an understanding of springs and their role in mountainous areas.
The water contamination is a widely common problem relating to the field of environmental and water resource engineering. It requires very sophisticated techniques to prevent the occurrence of contamination in ground or shallow water resources by all available prevention methods. This research discusses the different sources of ground water contamination and the effects of contaminated water on the health and environment. In addition to some details about the protection methods to keep water usable and finally recommendations and conclusion.
The term heavy metal refers to any metallic chemical element that has a relatively high density and is toxic or poisonous at low concentrations.
Heavy metals are Globally distributed
pollutants
We can work together to keep the environment clean so the plants, animals and people who depend on it remain healthy :) Working together, we can make pollution less of a problem and make our world a better place :D :)
Created by Earl Herson Laput from University of Southeastern Philippines taking Bachelor of Science in Secondary Education Major in Biological Science.
This presentation deals with the recent advancement in the field of ground water sampling and analysis technique and water born survey as well as Indian scenario to interpret.
cambodia water pollution,anh mayanabia,water,pollution water,puc student,partnership,puc,anhpresentation,environment,environment of cambodia,http://www.anhinfo.blogspot.com,
Over the last decade, demand for spring management has increased as traditional spring sources have started drying up or becoming contaminated. In response, communities, NGOs and state agencies began dedicated spring protection programmes. In the Himalayas, the State of Sikkim and organizations such as Central Himalayan Action and Research Group (CHIRAG) and People Science Institute (PSI) started identifying and protecting spring recharge areas around 2007. The difference between these programmes and many other previous efforts is that they went beyond supply-side improvements to focus on the use of hydrogeology to map springsheds for targeted interventions.
The Advanced Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (ACWADAM), a research and capacity-building organization comprised of hydrogeologists and other experts began lending their expertise and building capacity of stakeholders. ACWADAM provides technical support, training and materials in hydrogeology to all network partners as well as others in India and the region. Similar programmes began independently in most of the mountain regions of India. Arghyam, a funding organization that was supporting many of these programmes, noticed that these disparate initiatives shared commonalities despite geographic diversity. They thus organized and funded a meeting of these various organizations in June 2014, and the Springs Initiative was born.
The springs initiative aims to tackle the current water crisis and to ensure safe and sustainable access to water for all, by promoting responsible and appropriate management of aquifers, springsheds, and watersheds and conserving ecosystems in partnership with communities, governments and other stakeholders.
This presentation has been developed as a part of the springs initiative to promote an understanding of springs and their role in mountainous areas.
Definition Cause, effects and control measures of :- a. Air pollution b. Water pollution c. Soil pollution d. Marine pollution e. Noise
pollution f. Thermal pollution g. Nuclear hazards Solid waste Management : Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial
wastes. Role of an individual in prevention of pollution. Pollution case studies.
Water pollution is an appalling problem, powerful enough to lead the world on a path of destruction. Water is an easy solvent, enabling most pollutants to dissolve in it easily and contaminate it. The most basic effect of water pollution is directly suffered by the organisms and vegetation that survive in water, including amphibians. On a human level, several people die each day due to consumption of polluted and infected water.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
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3. WATER POLLUTION
Water pollution is the contamination of water
bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, groundwater).
Water pollution affects plants and organisms living
in these bodies of water; and, in almost all cases
the effect is damaging either to individual species
and populations, but also to the natural biological
communities.
Water pollution occurs when pollutants are
discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies
without adequate treatment to remove harmful
compounds.
4.
5. Water Pollution Sources
Water pollution
Point sources
Discharge at specific locations
Easier to identify, monitor, regulate
Nonpoint sources
Runoff of chemicals and sediment
Agriculture
Control is difficult and expensive
7. Major Sources of Water Pollution
Agriculture: by far the leader
Sediment, fertilizers, bacteria
from livestock, food processing,
salt from soil irrigation
Industrial: factories and
powerplants
Mining: surface mining toxics,
acids, sediment
8. SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION.
INDUSTRY
Industry is a huge source of water pollution, it produces pollutants
that are extremely harmful to people and the environment.
Many industrial facilities use freshwater to carry away waste from
the plant and into rivers, lakes and oceans.
Pollutants from industrial sources include:
Asbestos – This pollutant is a serious health hazard . Asbestos
fibres can be inhaled and cause illnesses such as asbestosis,
lung cancer, intestinal cancer and liver cancer.
Lead – This is a metallic element and can cause health and
environmental problems. It is a non-biodegradable substance
so is hard to clean up once the environment is contaminated.
Lead is harmful to the health of many animals, including
humans, as it can inhibit the action of bodily enzymes.
9. OIL POLLUTION IN WATER
Oceans are polluted by oil on a daily basis from oil spills, routine
shipping, run-offs and dumping.
Oil spills make up about 12% of the oil that enters the ocean. The rest
come from shipping travel, drains and dumping.
An oil spill from a tanker is a severe problem because there is such a
huge quantity of oil being spilt into one place.
Oil spills cause a very localised problem but can be catastrophic to
local marine wildlife such as fish, birds and sea otters.
Oil cannot dissolve in water and forms a thick sludge in the water. This
suffocates fish, gets caught in the feathers of marine birds stopping
them from flying and blocks light from photosynthetic aquatic plants.
10. RADIO ACTIVE WASTE
Nuclear waste is produced from industrial, medical and
scientific processes that use radioactive material.
Nuclear waste can have detrimental effects on marine
habitats. Nuclear waste comes from a number of
sources:
Operations conducted by nuclear power stations
produce radioactive waste. Nuclear-fuel reprocessing
plants in northern Europe are the biggest sources of
man-made nuclear waste in the surrounding ocean.
Radioactive traces from these plants have been found
as far away as Greenland.
Mining and refining of uranium and thorium are also
causes of marine nuclear waste.
11. Ocean Pollution
Coastal areas – highly productive ecosystems
Occupied by 40% of population
Twice that population by 2050
About 80% marine pollution originates on land
Deep ocean waters
Some capacity to dilute, disperse, degrade pollutants
Ocean dumping controversies
Assimilative capacity?
12. Fig. 20-15, p. 548
Industry Nitrogen
oxides from autos
and smokestacks,
toxic chemicals, and
heavy metals in
effluents flow into
bays and estuaries.
Cities Toxic
metals and oil
from streets and
parking lots
pollute waters;
sewage adds
nitrogen and
phosphorus.
Urban sprawl
Bacteria and viruses from
sewers and septic tanks
contaminate shellfish
beds and close beaches;
runoff of fertilizer from
lawns adds nitrogen and
phosphorus.
Construction sites
Sediments are washed into
waterways, choking fish and
plants, clouding waters, and
blocking sunlight.
Farms
Runoff of pesticides,
manure, and fertilizers
adds toxins and excess
nitrogen and phosphorus.
Red tides
Excess nitrogen causes
explosive growth of toxic
microscopic algae,
poisoning fish and marine
mammals.
Toxic sediments
Chemicals and toxic
metals contaminate
shellfish beds, kill
spawning fish, and
accumulate in the tissues
of bottom feeders.
Oxygen-depleted zone
Sedimentation and algae
overgrowth reduce
sunlight, kill beneficial sea
grasses, use up oxygen,
and degrade habitat.
Healthy zone
Clear, oxygen-rich waters
promote growth of
plankton and sea grasses,
and support fish.
Closed shellfish
bedsClosed
beach Oxygen-depleted
zone
13. Types of Water Pollutants
The water pollutants that we will discuss in
this lecture include:
Pathogens
Organic Waste
Chemical Pollutants
Sediments
Nutrients
14. Pathogens
“The most serious water pollutants are the infections
agents that cause sickness and death” .
Waterborne diseases kill thousands of people per
year. The majority of these pathogens are a result of
contaminated water – unsanitary water associate with
poor hygiene.
15. Pathogens (continued)
Pathogens are related to poor sanitary conditions. In a
sense, they are often a result of organic pollution
Human and animal excrement in water bodies creates
a suitable environment for these pathogens
The fluid medium allows for quick transmitting
People bathing or drinking in contaminated streams are
exposed to these pathogens
Improved sanitation and hygiene education have saved more
lives than medicine. That is, the best way to mitigate the
spread of infectious waterborne diseases is to improve sanitary
conditions.
16. Organic Waste
Human and animal waste creates “serious problems”
Besides creating a pathogen-friendly environment,
excess organic wastes reduce the availability of
dissolved oxygen in water.
aerobic bacteria and other decomposers breakdown organic
materials they consume oxygen through cellular respiration.
More organic waste results in more aerobic decomposition, which
ultimately lowers available oxygen.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) = measure of the
amount of organic material in water in terms of how
much oxygen will be required to break it down. The
higher the BOD the greater is the likelihood that
dissolved oxygen will be depleted.
17. India’s Ganges River
Holy River (1 million take
daily holy dip)
350 million (1/3rd of pop)
live in watershed
Little sewage treatment
Used for bathing, drinking
etc.
Bodies (cremated or not)
thrown in river
Good news is the Indian
government is beginning to
work on problem
18. Organic Waste, Animals
Animal Feeding Operations, colloquially
referred to as “Factory Farms” contain large
quantities of livestock.
The high concentration of animals generates a
lot of waste. Some animals, such as hogs,
produce substantially more excrement per
pound than humans.
The animal waste poses serious threats to the
environment. It is high in organic materials,
nutrients, heavy metals, and pathogens
20. Waste Lagoons
Waste from the AFO are
hosed into waste lagoons.
Ideally within the lagoons
the solids become
concentrated as the water
evaporates. The manure
can then be used as a
fertilizer.
These waste lagoons can
leak into the environment
contaminating surface and
ground water with organic
waste, nutrients, heavy
metals, and pathogens
Photo Source: Dairy Waste Pictorial, EPA Region 10 and Washington State Dairy Federation
http://lwcd.org/images/MCR_earthen_Waste_lagoon.JPG
21. Chemical Waste
“Water-soluble inorganic chemicals constitute an
important class of pollutants that include”
Heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel, Def
Leppard)
Acids from mine drainage
Road salts
Petroleum
Urban runoff
Pesticides, fungicides, herbicides
22. Chemical Pollutants
Any noxious substance spilled on the landscape
can contaminate the watershed. Toxic pollutants
sometimes have very long residence time and
can be very problematic to manage.
The worst type of contamination is of the
groundwater. Groundwater contamination is
very difficult to manage.
23. Sediments
All streams transport some degree of sediments.
Development or construction within the watershed can
increase the amount of sediment in streams.
Excess sediment will “choke the stream”
The environmental effect is loss of biodiversity, change in
hydrology, and ruining the aesthetic beauty of the water
body.
Sediments also act as surface area for other pollutants,
like heavy metals. So greater concentrations of
sediments will directly result in higher concentration of
other pollutants.
24. Nutrients
Naturally, nutrients are limited within many aquatic
ecosystems. Plants often have to compete for
nutrients.
Phosphorus and Nitrogen are two very important
nutrients that are usually in high demand by
aquatic vegetation. Both these elements are in
the building blocks of biological molecules (DNA,
Protein, Fatty Acids).
When there are too many nutrients, however, it
throws the entire aquatic ecosystem at of whack.
Aquatic systems with too many nutrients become
eutrophic.
25. Eutrophication
The breakdown of excess organic matter not only consumes
oxygen, but it also releases a variety of compounds into the
water, such as nitrates, phosphates and sulfates
The nitrates and phosphates are plant nutrients that encourages
the rapid and excessive growth of aquatic plants, especially
algae
When this occurs, it is described as the eutrophication of the
water (or the body of water is described as eutrophic)
27. Septic System
Waste leaving the home flows through a
septic tank. In the tank the solids settle
towards the bottom. Here the organics
breakdown through aerobic and anaerobic
decomposition. The colloidal and
dissolved inorganics flow out into the yard
via a drain field. The effluent is
supposedly filtered naturally by the lawns,
gardens, and soil microbes.
29. PREVENTIONS
If you want to help keep our waters clean, there are many things
you can do to help. You can prevent water pollution of nearby
rivers and lakes as well as groundwater and drinking water by
following some simple guidelines in your everyday life.
Conserve water by turning off the tap when running water is not
necessary. This helps prevent water shortages and reduces the
amount f contaminated water that needs treatment.
Be careful about what you throw down your sink or toilet. Don't
throw paints, oils or other forms of litter down the drain.
Use environmentally household products, such as washing
powder, household cleaning agents and toiletries.
30. PREVENTIONS
Take great care not to overuse pesticides and fertilizers.
This will prevent runoffs of the material into nearby
water sources.
By having more plants in your garden you are
preventing fertilizer, pesticides and contaminated water
from running off into nearby water sources.
Don't throw litter into rivers, lakes or oceans. Help clean
up any litter you see on beaches or in rivers and lakes,
make sure it is safe to collect the litter and put it in a
nearby dustbin.
31. CONCLUSION
The problems associated with water pollution have the
capabilities to disrupt life on our planet to a great extent.
We must become familiar with our local water resources
and learn about ways for disposing harmful household
wastes so they don't end up in sewage treatment plants
that can't handle them or landfills not designed to
receive hazardous materials. In our yards, we must
determine whether additional nutrients are needed
before fertilizers are applied, and look for alternatives
where fertilizers might run off into surface waters. We
have to preserve existing trees and plant new trees and
shrubs to help prevent soil erosion and promote
infiltration of water into the soil
32. References
P K Goel (2000), Water pollution: causes, effects
and control, new age international (p) ltd.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/water
www.geology.ar.gov/water/properties.htm