This paper presents the study of a variable speed wind energy conversion system (WECS) using a Wound Field Synchronous Generator (WFSG) based on a Fuzzy sliding mode control (FSMC) applied to achieve control of active and reactive powers exchanged between the stator of the WFSG and the grid to ensure a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of a wind energy conversion system. However the principal drawback of the sliding mode, is the chattering effect which characterized by torque ripple, this phenomena is undesirable and harmful for the machines, it generates noises and additional forces of torsion on the machine shaft. A direct fuzzy logic controller is designed and the sliding mode controller is added to compensate the fuzzy approximation errors. The simulation results clearly indicate the effectiveness and validity of the proposed method, in terms of convergence, time and precision.
A Performance Comparison of DFIG using Power Transfer Matrix and Direct Power...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper presents a direct power control and power transfer matrix model for a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind energy system (WES). Control of DFIG wind turbine system is traditionally based on either stator- flux-oriented or stator-voltage-oriented vector control. The performance of Direct Power Control (DPC) and Power transfer Matrix control for the same wind speed are studied. The Power transfer matrix Control gave better results. The validity and performance of the proposed modelling and control approaches are investigated using a study system consisting of a grid connected DFIG WES. The performance of DFIG with Power Transfer Matrix and Direct Power Control (DPC) techniques are obtained through simulation. The time domain simulation of the study system using MATLAB Simulink is carried out. The results obtained in the two cases are compared.
Active and Reactive Power Control of a Doubly Fed Induction GeneratorIJPEDS-IAES
Wind energy has many advantages, it does not pollute and it is an inexhaustible source. However, the cost of this energy is still too high to compete with traditional fossil fuels, especially on sites less windy. The performance of a wind turbine depends on three parameters: the power of wind, the power curve of the turbine and the generator's ability to respond to wind fluctuations. This paper presents a control chain conversion based on a double-fed asynchronous machine (D.F.I.G). To improve the transient and steady state performance and the power factor of generation, a stator flux oriented vector control scheme is used in this work. The vector control structure employs conventional PI controllers for the decoupled control of the stator side active and reactive power. The whole system is modeled and simulated using Matlab/Simulink and the results are analyzed.
Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Drive System Based on Maximum Power Curve Sear...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper proposes a novel variable speed control algorithm for a grid connected doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) system. The main objective is to track the maximum power curve characteristic by using an adaptive fuzzy logic controller, and to compare it with the conventional optimal torque control method for large inertia wind turbines. The role of the FLC is to adapt the transfer function of the harvested mechanical power controller according to the operating point in variable wind speed. The control system has two sub-systems for the rotor side and the grid side converters (RSC, GSC). Active and reactive power control of the back-to- back converters has been achieved indirectly by controlling q-axis and d-axis current components. The main function of the RSC controllers is to track the maximum power through controlling the electromagnetic torque of the wind turbine. The GSC controls the DC-link voltage, and guarantees unity power factor between the GSC and the grid. The proposed system is developed and tested in MATLAB/SimPowerSystem (SPS) environment.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
In this research paper we investigate the modelling and control of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) driven in rotation by wind turbine, the control objectives is to optimize capture wind, extract the maximum of the power generated to the grid using MPPT algorithm (Maximum Power Point Tracking) and have a specified reactive power generated whatever wind speed variable, the indirect field oriented control IFOC with the PI correctors was used to achieve such as decoupled control. To validate the dynamique performance of our controller the whole system was simulated using dSPACE DS1104 Controller board Real Time Interface (RTI) which runs in Simulink/MATLAB software and ControlDesk 4.2 graphical interfaces.
Wind energy has many advantages, it does not pollute and it is an inexhaustible source. However, the cost of this energy is still too high to compete with traditional fossil sources. The yield of a wind turbine depends on three parameters: the power of the wind, the turbine power curve and the ability of the generator to respond to fluctuations in the wind. This article presented the MPPT of a wind turbine system equipped with an asynchronous generator has dual power under MatlabSimulink program, in the first time we simulated all the conversion chain with complete model of DFIG and vector control in second stepthen applied the extracted maximum power MPPT strategists, this command is effective and has several advantages it offered to kept the maximum power delivered to network despite all the parameter is change.
ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
Science Journals,
A Performance Comparison of DFIG using Power Transfer Matrix and Direct Power...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper presents a direct power control and power transfer matrix model for a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind energy system (WES). Control of DFIG wind turbine system is traditionally based on either stator- flux-oriented or stator-voltage-oriented vector control. The performance of Direct Power Control (DPC) and Power transfer Matrix control for the same wind speed are studied. The Power transfer matrix Control gave better results. The validity and performance of the proposed modelling and control approaches are investigated using a study system consisting of a grid connected DFIG WES. The performance of DFIG with Power Transfer Matrix and Direct Power Control (DPC) techniques are obtained through simulation. The time domain simulation of the study system using MATLAB Simulink is carried out. The results obtained in the two cases are compared.
Active and Reactive Power Control of a Doubly Fed Induction GeneratorIJPEDS-IAES
Wind energy has many advantages, it does not pollute and it is an inexhaustible source. However, the cost of this energy is still too high to compete with traditional fossil fuels, especially on sites less windy. The performance of a wind turbine depends on three parameters: the power of wind, the power curve of the turbine and the generator's ability to respond to wind fluctuations. This paper presents a control chain conversion based on a double-fed asynchronous machine (D.F.I.G). To improve the transient and steady state performance and the power factor of generation, a stator flux oriented vector control scheme is used in this work. The vector control structure employs conventional PI controllers for the decoupled control of the stator side active and reactive power. The whole system is modeled and simulated using Matlab/Simulink and the results are analyzed.
Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Drive System Based on Maximum Power Curve Sear...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper proposes a novel variable speed control algorithm for a grid connected doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) system. The main objective is to track the maximum power curve characteristic by using an adaptive fuzzy logic controller, and to compare it with the conventional optimal torque control method for large inertia wind turbines. The role of the FLC is to adapt the transfer function of the harvested mechanical power controller according to the operating point in variable wind speed. The control system has two sub-systems for the rotor side and the grid side converters (RSC, GSC). Active and reactive power control of the back-to- back converters has been achieved indirectly by controlling q-axis and d-axis current components. The main function of the RSC controllers is to track the maximum power through controlling the electromagnetic torque of the wind turbine. The GSC controls the DC-link voltage, and guarantees unity power factor between the GSC and the grid. The proposed system is developed and tested in MATLAB/SimPowerSystem (SPS) environment.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
In this research paper we investigate the modelling and control of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) driven in rotation by wind turbine, the control objectives is to optimize capture wind, extract the maximum of the power generated to the grid using MPPT algorithm (Maximum Power Point Tracking) and have a specified reactive power generated whatever wind speed variable, the indirect field oriented control IFOC with the PI correctors was used to achieve such as decoupled control. To validate the dynamique performance of our controller the whole system was simulated using dSPACE DS1104 Controller board Real Time Interface (RTI) which runs in Simulink/MATLAB software and ControlDesk 4.2 graphical interfaces.
Wind energy has many advantages, it does not pollute and it is an inexhaustible source. However, the cost of this energy is still too high to compete with traditional fossil sources. The yield of a wind turbine depends on three parameters: the power of the wind, the turbine power curve and the ability of the generator to respond to fluctuations in the wind. This article presented the MPPT of a wind turbine system equipped with an asynchronous generator has dual power under MatlabSimulink program, in the first time we simulated all the conversion chain with complete model of DFIG and vector control in second stepthen applied the extracted maximum power MPPT strategists, this command is effective and has several advantages it offered to kept the maximum power delivered to network despite all the parameter is change.
ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
Science Journals,
Control of the powerquality for a DFIG powered by multilevel inverters IJECEIAES
This paper treats the modeling, and the control of a wind power system based on a doubly fed induction generator DFIG, the stator is directly connected to the grid, while the rotor is powered by multilevel inverters. In order to get a decoupled system of controlfor an independently transits of active and reactive power, a vector control method based on stator flux orientation SFOC is considered: Direct vector control based on PI controllers. Cascaded H-bridge CHBI multilevel inverters are used in the rotor circuit to study its effect on supply power quality. All simulation models are built in MATLAB/Simulink software. Results and waveforms clearly show the effectiveness of vector control strategy. Finally, performances of the system will tested and compared for each levels of inverter.
Improved Control Strategy for Low Voltage Ride Through Capability of DFIG wit...ecij
This paper deals with a protection and control strategy to enhance the low voltage ride through capability of a wind turbine driven doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). As the wind power penetration continues to increase, wind turbines are required to provide Low Voltage Ride-Through (LVRT) capability. Crowbars are commonly used to protect the power converters during voltage dips and their main drawback is that the DFIG absorbs reactive power from the grid during grid faults. According to emergency grid code requirements, wind farms should have the ability to stay connected and continue generation under external voltage failure conditions, that is, wind turbines have to keep in connection with grid and own continue reactive power supply. This paper proposes a hysteresis current control strategy for the crowbar protection
and a reactive power control to satisfy the grid code requirements. Consequently, the dynamic model of double fed wind turbines is established to study the transient behavior of DFIG. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Real time simulation of nonlinear generalized predictive control for wind ene...ISA Interchange
In order to make a wind power generation truly cost-effective and reliable, an advanced control techniques must be used. In this paper, we develop a new control strategy, using nonlinear generalized predictive control (NGPC) approach, for DFIG-based wind turbine. The proposed control law is based on two points: NGPC-based torque-current control loop generating the rotor reference voltage and NGPC-based speed control loop that provides the torque reference. In order to enhance the robustness of the controller, a disturbance observer is designed to estimate the aerodynamic torque which is considered as an unknown perturbation. Finally, a real-time simulation is carried out to illustrate the performance of the proposed controller.
This paper focuses on the modeling and control of a wind energy conversion chain using a permanent magnet synchronous machine. This system behaves a turbine, a generator, DC/DC and DC/AC power converters. These are connected on both sides to the DC bus, where the inverter is followed by a filter which is connected to the grid. In this paper, we have been used two types of controllers. For the stator side converter, we consider the Takagi-Sugeno approach where the parameters of controller have been computed by the theory of linear matrix inequalities. The stability synthesis has been checked using the Lyapunov theory. According to the grid side converter, the proportional integral controller is exploited to keep a constant voltage on the DC bus and control both types of powers. The simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the approach used.
ENHANCED CONTROL OF DFIG IN WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMIjorat1
The doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine is a variable speed wind turbine widely used
in the modern wind power industries. At present, commercial DFIG wind turbines primarily make use of the
technology that was developed a decade ago. But, it is found in the paper that there is limitations conventional
control method. This project presents a fuzzy-logic approach to control the DFIG. Based on which fuzzy-logic
approach is controlled for real power, reactive power flow and electromagnetic torque of the wind turbine. A
direct current vector control strategy is developed to control the rotor side voltage source converter. This scheme
of direct current vector control strategy allows the independent control of the generated active and reactive
power as well as the rotor speed. In this project, a fuzzy-logic approach is proposed to control the DFIG. The
active and reactive power is controlled by rotor voltage, which goes through back-to-back voltage source
converter and DC-link voltage is also maintained stable. The conventional control approach is compared with the
proposed control techniques for DFIG wind turbine control under both steady and gusty wind conditions. A
MATLAB based simulation system was build to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed
method waveforms of real power, reactive power, DC link voltage and generator speed are compared with
conventional method. This paper shows that under the fuzzy-logic approach control techniques, a DFIG system
have a superior performance in various aspects.
Critical Condition of Sensorless Induction Generator using Flux Weakening in ...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper was intended to examine thoroughly a critical condition of the
sensorless induction generator using flux weakening in wind turbine
application. The critical condition would happen when the rotor speed
reached the critical rotor speed reference. The critical rotor speed reference
was the highest of the rotor speed reference that still caused the stable
response. It was obtained by increasing the rotor speed reference until the
system response became unstable. In the low speed range of wind showed
that there was no unstable condition whatever a rotor speed reference was
set. On the other hand, there was a critical rotor speed reference in the
medium and high speed range of wind. The unstable condition was caused by
the induction generator that received a power higher than its capacity, so its
rotor speed couldn't be maintained at reference value. The first solution was
suggested that the stable condition would be made by setting the rotor speed
reference at the minimum critical reference. The second solution was
suggested that the controlling rotor speed in triangle area between the critical
condition and the operation that used the minimum critical reference for the
rotor speed reference. In the triangle area, the rotor speed was controlled by
setting the tip speed ratio.
Critical Condition of Sensorless Induction Generator using Flux Weakening in ...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper was intended to examine thoroughly a critical condition of the
sensorless induction generator using flux weakening in wind turbine
application. The critical condition would happen when the rotor speed
reached the critical rotor speed reference. The critical rotor speed reference
was the highest of the rotor speed reference that still caused the stable
response. It was obtained by increasing the rotor speed reference until the
system response became unstable. In the low speed range of wind showed
that there was no unstable condition whatever a rotor speed reference was
set. On the other hand, there was a critical rotor speed reference in the
medium and high speed range of wind. The unstable condition was caused by
the induction generator that received a power higher than its capacity, so its
rotor speed couldn't be maintained at reference value. The first solution was
suggested that the stable condition would be made by setting the rotor speed
reference at the minimum critical reference. The second solution was
suggested that the controlling rotor speed in triangle area between the critical
condition and the operation that used the minimum critical reference for the
rotor speed reference. In the triangle area, the rotor speed was controlled by
setting the tip speed ratio.
Flux Based Sensorless Speed Sensing and Real and Reactive Power Flow Control ...ijeei-iaes
This aim of this paper is to design controller for Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) converters and MPPT for turbine and a sensor-less rotor speed estimation to maintain equilibrium in rotor speed, generator torque, and stator and rotor voltages. It is also aimed to meet desired reference real and reactive power during the turbulences like sudden change in reactive power or voltage with concurrently changing wind speed. The turbine blade angle changes with variations in wind speed and direction of wind flow and improves the coefficient of power extracted from turbine using MPPT. Rotor side converter (RSC) helps to achieve optimal real and reactive power from generator, which keeps rotor to rotate at optimal speed and to vary current flow from rotor and stator terminals. Rotor speed is estimated using stator and rotor flux estimation algorithm. Parameters like tip speed ratio; coefficient of power, stator and rotor voltage, current, real, reactive power; rotor speed and electromagnetic torque are studied using MATLAB simulation. The performance of DFIG is compared when there is in wind speed change only; alter in reactive power and variation in grid voltage individually along with variation in wind speed.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This paper presents the modeling and simulation of wind energy Conversion System using the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). The objectives are: to extract the maximum power of the wind speed by controlling the electromagnetic torque of the PMSG, to maintain constant the DC-link voltage despite the wind speed variations and to attain the unity power factor. In order to ensure a regulation with high performance and a good robustness against the internal and the external disturbances, a new control strategy called the Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) is used. Therefore, the Analysis and simulation of the ADRC and PI controllers are developed with MATLAB/Simulink software. The performance of these controllers is compared in term of references tracking, robustness and grid faults.
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, i...IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Suppression of frequency fluctuations in Hybrid Power System using Pitch-Angl...ijtsrd
This study presents the modelling and dynamic simulation of a high penetration wind diesel power system (WDPS) consisting of a diesel generator (DG) and a wind turbine generator (WTG). First the WDPS architecture and the models of the WDPS components are described. The WDPS is simulated in wind-only (WO) mode where the DG is not running and the WTG supply active power and in wind-diesel (WD) mode where both DG and WTG supply power. The simulation results are given showing graphs of the main electric variables in the WDPS (system frequency and voltage and active power in each component). Pitch angle controller is proposed which enables the wind turbine to regulate its active power in order to retain the frequency within prescribed limits. The pitch angle control enables the WT to smooth the load and wind power variations, so that the isolated system power quality is improved. The results shows that the WDPS incorporating pitch angle controller gives better results in terms of frequency regulation. Rakesh Saini | Ankush Bhardwaj"Suppression of frequency fluctuations in Hybrid Power System using Pitch-Angle Controller" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd142.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/142/suppression-of-frequency-fluctuations-in-hybrid-power-system-using-pitch-angle-controller/rakesh-saini
PERFORMANCE OF MVDC AND MVAC OFFSHORE WIND FARM DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMJournal For Research
Offshore wind farms are becoming more popular because of advantages such as availability of higher and uniform wind speeds, availability of the large sea area and proximity to major load centers. Two types of wind turbine systems for wind power generation exist. Mainly DFIG (30% speed variation) and PMSG (100 % speed variation) generators are used in wind farms. To evaluate any power system network, load flow analysis is necessary. But traditional load flow methods such as the GS and NR-techniques fail to meet the requirements in both performance and robustness aspects of radial connected wind farm distribution systems. Therefore in this work, the direct approach algorithm is used for wind farms in which generators are modelled as PQ bus and transmission line modelled using À model in the algorithm. Basically two types of configuration are possible Medium Voltage AC (MVAC) and Medium Voltage DC (MVDC) offshore WFDS. Due to lower losses in MVDC offshore WFDS, a today lot of research is going on to design MVDC offshore WFDS. The results are presented for both MVAC and MVDC based offshore wind farm distribution system using MATLAB programming. Finally, a performance comparison has been made between the MVAC and MVDC based offshore Wind Farm Distribution System (WFDS).
In this paper, we focus on the modeling and control of a wind power system based on a double-fed induction generator DFIG. We proposed a technique of active and reactive power control to improve the performance and dynamics of variable speed wind system. The objective of the modeling is to apply the direct and indirect vector control stator flux orientation to control independently, the active and reactive power generated doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). The simulation results are tested and compared in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed system.
Intelligent Control for Doubly Fed Induction Generator Connected to the Elect...IJPEDS-IAES
In this paper we are interested in optimizing the wind power capture, using the Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). This machine is preferred to other types of variable speed generator because of their advantages in economic terms and control. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based on Direct Torque Control (DTC) which is used to control the electromagnetic torque in order to extract the maximum power. The main objective of this intelligent technique is to replace the conventional switching table by a voltage selector based on (ANN) to reduce torque and flux ripples. Moreover, the fuzzy logic controller is used to grid side converter to keep DC link voltage constant, and also to achieve unity power factor operation. The main advantage of the two control strategies proposed in this paper is that they are not influenced by the variation of the machine parameter. The pitch control is also presented to limit the generator power at its rated value. Simulation results of 1,5 MW, for (DFIG) based Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) confirm the effectiveness and the performance of the global proposed approaches.
Indirect Control of a Doubly-Fed Induction Machine for Wind Energy ConversionIAES-IJPEDS
In this paper, a grid connected wind power generation scheme using a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is studied. The aims of this paper are: The modelling and simulation of the operating in two quadrants (torque-speed) of a DFIG, the analysis employs a stator flux vector control algorithm to control rotor current, the system enables optimal speed tracking for maximum energy capture from the wind and high performance active and reactive power regulation using the PI regulator. The simulation calculations were achieved ®®
using MATLAB -SIMULINK package. Lastly, the obtained results are presented, for different operating points, illustrating the good control performances of the system
The following article presents the control of the power generated by the Doubly Fed Induction Generator, integrated into the wind system, whose rotor is linked to the power converters (Rotor Side Convert (RSC) and Grid Side Converter (GSC)) interfaced by the DC-BUS and connected to the grid via a filter (Rf, Lf) in order to obtain an optimal power to the grid and to ensure system stability. The objective of this study is to understand and to make the comparison between Sliding mode Control technique and the Flux Oriented Control in order to control the Doubly Fed Induction Generator powers exchanged with the grid, it also aims at maintaining the DC-BUS voltage constant and a unit power factor at the grid connection point.The results of simulation show the performance of the Sliding mode Control in terms of monitoring, and robustness with regard to the parametric variations, compared to the Flux Oriented Control. The performance of the systems was tested and compared with the use of MATLAB/Simulink software.
Control of the powerquality for a DFIG powered by multilevel inverters IJECEIAES
This paper treats the modeling, and the control of a wind power system based on a doubly fed induction generator DFIG, the stator is directly connected to the grid, while the rotor is powered by multilevel inverters. In order to get a decoupled system of controlfor an independently transits of active and reactive power, a vector control method based on stator flux orientation SFOC is considered: Direct vector control based on PI controllers. Cascaded H-bridge CHBI multilevel inverters are used in the rotor circuit to study its effect on supply power quality. All simulation models are built in MATLAB/Simulink software. Results and waveforms clearly show the effectiveness of vector control strategy. Finally, performances of the system will tested and compared for each levels of inverter.
Improved Control Strategy for Low Voltage Ride Through Capability of DFIG wit...ecij
This paper deals with a protection and control strategy to enhance the low voltage ride through capability of a wind turbine driven doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). As the wind power penetration continues to increase, wind turbines are required to provide Low Voltage Ride-Through (LVRT) capability. Crowbars are commonly used to protect the power converters during voltage dips and their main drawback is that the DFIG absorbs reactive power from the grid during grid faults. According to emergency grid code requirements, wind farms should have the ability to stay connected and continue generation under external voltage failure conditions, that is, wind turbines have to keep in connection with grid and own continue reactive power supply. This paper proposes a hysteresis current control strategy for the crowbar protection
and a reactive power control to satisfy the grid code requirements. Consequently, the dynamic model of double fed wind turbines is established to study the transient behavior of DFIG. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Real time simulation of nonlinear generalized predictive control for wind ene...ISA Interchange
In order to make a wind power generation truly cost-effective and reliable, an advanced control techniques must be used. In this paper, we develop a new control strategy, using nonlinear generalized predictive control (NGPC) approach, for DFIG-based wind turbine. The proposed control law is based on two points: NGPC-based torque-current control loop generating the rotor reference voltage and NGPC-based speed control loop that provides the torque reference. In order to enhance the robustness of the controller, a disturbance observer is designed to estimate the aerodynamic torque which is considered as an unknown perturbation. Finally, a real-time simulation is carried out to illustrate the performance of the proposed controller.
This paper focuses on the modeling and control of a wind energy conversion chain using a permanent magnet synchronous machine. This system behaves a turbine, a generator, DC/DC and DC/AC power converters. These are connected on both sides to the DC bus, where the inverter is followed by a filter which is connected to the grid. In this paper, we have been used two types of controllers. For the stator side converter, we consider the Takagi-Sugeno approach where the parameters of controller have been computed by the theory of linear matrix inequalities. The stability synthesis has been checked using the Lyapunov theory. According to the grid side converter, the proportional integral controller is exploited to keep a constant voltage on the DC bus and control both types of powers. The simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the approach used.
ENHANCED CONTROL OF DFIG IN WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMIjorat1
The doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine is a variable speed wind turbine widely used
in the modern wind power industries. At present, commercial DFIG wind turbines primarily make use of the
technology that was developed a decade ago. But, it is found in the paper that there is limitations conventional
control method. This project presents a fuzzy-logic approach to control the DFIG. Based on which fuzzy-logic
approach is controlled for real power, reactive power flow and electromagnetic torque of the wind turbine. A
direct current vector control strategy is developed to control the rotor side voltage source converter. This scheme
of direct current vector control strategy allows the independent control of the generated active and reactive
power as well as the rotor speed. In this project, a fuzzy-logic approach is proposed to control the DFIG. The
active and reactive power is controlled by rotor voltage, which goes through back-to-back voltage source
converter and DC-link voltage is also maintained stable. The conventional control approach is compared with the
proposed control techniques for DFIG wind turbine control under both steady and gusty wind conditions. A
MATLAB based simulation system was build to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed
method waveforms of real power, reactive power, DC link voltage and generator speed are compared with
conventional method. This paper shows that under the fuzzy-logic approach control techniques, a DFIG system
have a superior performance in various aspects.
Critical Condition of Sensorless Induction Generator using Flux Weakening in ...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper was intended to examine thoroughly a critical condition of the
sensorless induction generator using flux weakening in wind turbine
application. The critical condition would happen when the rotor speed
reached the critical rotor speed reference. The critical rotor speed reference
was the highest of the rotor speed reference that still caused the stable
response. It was obtained by increasing the rotor speed reference until the
system response became unstable. In the low speed range of wind showed
that there was no unstable condition whatever a rotor speed reference was
set. On the other hand, there was a critical rotor speed reference in the
medium and high speed range of wind. The unstable condition was caused by
the induction generator that received a power higher than its capacity, so its
rotor speed couldn't be maintained at reference value. The first solution was
suggested that the stable condition would be made by setting the rotor speed
reference at the minimum critical reference. The second solution was
suggested that the controlling rotor speed in triangle area between the critical
condition and the operation that used the minimum critical reference for the
rotor speed reference. In the triangle area, the rotor speed was controlled by
setting the tip speed ratio.
Critical Condition of Sensorless Induction Generator using Flux Weakening in ...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper was intended to examine thoroughly a critical condition of the
sensorless induction generator using flux weakening in wind turbine
application. The critical condition would happen when the rotor speed
reached the critical rotor speed reference. The critical rotor speed reference
was the highest of the rotor speed reference that still caused the stable
response. It was obtained by increasing the rotor speed reference until the
system response became unstable. In the low speed range of wind showed
that there was no unstable condition whatever a rotor speed reference was
set. On the other hand, there was a critical rotor speed reference in the
medium and high speed range of wind. The unstable condition was caused by
the induction generator that received a power higher than its capacity, so its
rotor speed couldn't be maintained at reference value. The first solution was
suggested that the stable condition would be made by setting the rotor speed
reference at the minimum critical reference. The second solution was
suggested that the controlling rotor speed in triangle area between the critical
condition and the operation that used the minimum critical reference for the
rotor speed reference. In the triangle area, the rotor speed was controlled by
setting the tip speed ratio.
Flux Based Sensorless Speed Sensing and Real and Reactive Power Flow Control ...ijeei-iaes
This aim of this paper is to design controller for Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) converters and MPPT for turbine and a sensor-less rotor speed estimation to maintain equilibrium in rotor speed, generator torque, and stator and rotor voltages. It is also aimed to meet desired reference real and reactive power during the turbulences like sudden change in reactive power or voltage with concurrently changing wind speed. The turbine blade angle changes with variations in wind speed and direction of wind flow and improves the coefficient of power extracted from turbine using MPPT. Rotor side converter (RSC) helps to achieve optimal real and reactive power from generator, which keeps rotor to rotate at optimal speed and to vary current flow from rotor and stator terminals. Rotor speed is estimated using stator and rotor flux estimation algorithm. Parameters like tip speed ratio; coefficient of power, stator and rotor voltage, current, real, reactive power; rotor speed and electromagnetic torque are studied using MATLAB simulation. The performance of DFIG is compared when there is in wind speed change only; alter in reactive power and variation in grid voltage individually along with variation in wind speed.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This paper presents the modeling and simulation of wind energy Conversion System using the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). The objectives are: to extract the maximum power of the wind speed by controlling the electromagnetic torque of the PMSG, to maintain constant the DC-link voltage despite the wind speed variations and to attain the unity power factor. In order to ensure a regulation with high performance and a good robustness against the internal and the external disturbances, a new control strategy called the Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) is used. Therefore, the Analysis and simulation of the ADRC and PI controllers are developed with MATLAB/Simulink software. The performance of these controllers is compared in term of references tracking, robustness and grid faults.
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, i...IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Suppression of frequency fluctuations in Hybrid Power System using Pitch-Angl...ijtsrd
This study presents the modelling and dynamic simulation of a high penetration wind diesel power system (WDPS) consisting of a diesel generator (DG) and a wind turbine generator (WTG). First the WDPS architecture and the models of the WDPS components are described. The WDPS is simulated in wind-only (WO) mode where the DG is not running and the WTG supply active power and in wind-diesel (WD) mode where both DG and WTG supply power. The simulation results are given showing graphs of the main electric variables in the WDPS (system frequency and voltage and active power in each component). Pitch angle controller is proposed which enables the wind turbine to regulate its active power in order to retain the frequency within prescribed limits. The pitch angle control enables the WT to smooth the load and wind power variations, so that the isolated system power quality is improved. The results shows that the WDPS incorporating pitch angle controller gives better results in terms of frequency regulation. Rakesh Saini | Ankush Bhardwaj"Suppression of frequency fluctuations in Hybrid Power System using Pitch-Angle Controller" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd142.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/142/suppression-of-frequency-fluctuations-in-hybrid-power-system-using-pitch-angle-controller/rakesh-saini
PERFORMANCE OF MVDC AND MVAC OFFSHORE WIND FARM DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMJournal For Research
Offshore wind farms are becoming more popular because of advantages such as availability of higher and uniform wind speeds, availability of the large sea area and proximity to major load centers. Two types of wind turbine systems for wind power generation exist. Mainly DFIG (30% speed variation) and PMSG (100 % speed variation) generators are used in wind farms. To evaluate any power system network, load flow analysis is necessary. But traditional load flow methods such as the GS and NR-techniques fail to meet the requirements in both performance and robustness aspects of radial connected wind farm distribution systems. Therefore in this work, the direct approach algorithm is used for wind farms in which generators are modelled as PQ bus and transmission line modelled using À model in the algorithm. Basically two types of configuration are possible Medium Voltage AC (MVAC) and Medium Voltage DC (MVDC) offshore WFDS. Due to lower losses in MVDC offshore WFDS, a today lot of research is going on to design MVDC offshore WFDS. The results are presented for both MVAC and MVDC based offshore wind farm distribution system using MATLAB programming. Finally, a performance comparison has been made between the MVAC and MVDC based offshore Wind Farm Distribution System (WFDS).
In this paper, we focus on the modeling and control of a wind power system based on a double-fed induction generator DFIG. We proposed a technique of active and reactive power control to improve the performance and dynamics of variable speed wind system. The objective of the modeling is to apply the direct and indirect vector control stator flux orientation to control independently, the active and reactive power generated doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). The simulation results are tested and compared in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed system.
Intelligent Control for Doubly Fed Induction Generator Connected to the Elect...IJPEDS-IAES
In this paper we are interested in optimizing the wind power capture, using the Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). This machine is preferred to other types of variable speed generator because of their advantages in economic terms and control. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based on Direct Torque Control (DTC) which is used to control the electromagnetic torque in order to extract the maximum power. The main objective of this intelligent technique is to replace the conventional switching table by a voltage selector based on (ANN) to reduce torque and flux ripples. Moreover, the fuzzy logic controller is used to grid side converter to keep DC link voltage constant, and also to achieve unity power factor operation. The main advantage of the two control strategies proposed in this paper is that they are not influenced by the variation of the machine parameter. The pitch control is also presented to limit the generator power at its rated value. Simulation results of 1,5 MW, for (DFIG) based Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) confirm the effectiveness and the performance of the global proposed approaches.
Indirect Control of a Doubly-Fed Induction Machine for Wind Energy ConversionIAES-IJPEDS
In this paper, a grid connected wind power generation scheme using a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is studied. The aims of this paper are: The modelling and simulation of the operating in two quadrants (torque-speed) of a DFIG, the analysis employs a stator flux vector control algorithm to control rotor current, the system enables optimal speed tracking for maximum energy capture from the wind and high performance active and reactive power regulation using the PI regulator. The simulation calculations were achieved ®®
using MATLAB -SIMULINK package. Lastly, the obtained results are presented, for different operating points, illustrating the good control performances of the system
The following article presents the control of the power generated by the Doubly Fed Induction Generator, integrated into the wind system, whose rotor is linked to the power converters (Rotor Side Convert (RSC) and Grid Side Converter (GSC)) interfaced by the DC-BUS and connected to the grid via a filter (Rf, Lf) in order to obtain an optimal power to the grid and to ensure system stability. The objective of this study is to understand and to make the comparison between Sliding mode Control technique and the Flux Oriented Control in order to control the Doubly Fed Induction Generator powers exchanged with the grid, it also aims at maintaining the DC-BUS voltage constant and a unit power factor at the grid connection point.The results of simulation show the performance of the Sliding mode Control in terms of monitoring, and robustness with regard to the parametric variations, compared to the Flux Oriented Control. The performance of the systems was tested and compared with the use of MATLAB/Simulink software.
Modeling and Control of a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator for Wind Turbine-Gen...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents a vector control direct (FOC) of double fed induction generator intended to control the generated stator powers. This device is intended to be implemented in a variable-speed wind-energy conversion system connected to the grid. In order to control the active and reactive power exchanged between the machine stator and the grid, the rotor is fed by a bi-directional converter. The DFIG is controlled by standard relay controllers. Details of the control strategy and system simulation were performed using Simulink and the results are presented in this here to show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Indirect power control of DFIG based on wind turbine operating in MPPT using ...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a MPPT control of the stator powers of a DFIG operating within a wind energy system using the backstepping control technique. The objective of this work consists of providing a robust control to the rotor-side converter allowing the stator active power to be regulated at the maximum power extracted from the wind turbine, as well as maintaining the stator reactive power at zero to maintain the power factor at unity, under various conditions. We have used the Matlab/Simulink platform to model the wind system based on a 7.5 kW DFIG and to implement the MPPT control algorithm in a first step, then we have implemented the field-oriented control and the backstepping controller in a second step. The simulation results obtained were very satisfactory with a fast transient response and neglected power ripples. They furthermore confirmed the high robustness of the approach used in dealing with the variation of the internal parameters of the machine.
This paper proposes a feedback linearization control of doubly fed induction generator based wind energy systems for improving decoupled control of the active and reactive powers stator. In order to enhance dynamic performance of the controller studied, the adopted control is reinforced by a fuzzy logic controller. This approach is designed without any model of rotor flux estimation. The difficulty of measuring of rotor flux is overcome by using high gain observer. The stability of the nonlinear observer is proved by the Lyapunov theory. Numerical simulations using MATLAB-SIMULINK shown clearly the robustness of the proposed control, particularly to the disturbance rejection and parametric variations compared with the conventional method.
The paper proposes a complete modeling and control technique of variable speed wind turbine system (WTS) based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). Two levels back-to-back converter is used to ensure the energy transfer between the DFIG rotor and the grid. The wind turbine to operate efficiently, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is implemented. Then, direct power control (DPC) strategy has been combined with the MPPT technique in order to guarantee the selection of the appropriate rotor voltage vectors and to minimize the active and reactive power errors. Finally, the simulation is performed by using MATLAB/simulink platform basing on 7.5KW DFIG wind generation system, and the results prove the effectiveness of our proposed control technique.
Sliding mode performance control applied to a DFIG system for a wind energy p...IJECEIAES
This project presents a strategy of field control then sliding mode control put in to the conversion process of wind energy containing an asynchronous generator with double fed (DFAG; DFIG). A model was developed for each component of the wind turbine (turbine, DFAG and cascade rectifierinverter). MPPT device must be introduced in order to obtain maximum energy efficiency so that PI-MPPT method is made. The objective is to apply this command to control independently the active and reactive powers generated by the asynchronous generator uncoupled by orientation from the flow. The results of digital simulations obtained show the improvement of the performances of the sliding control compared to the field control, also it has provided information on the commands available techniques as reference tracking and robustness.
In this work, we are interested in improving the performance of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind system, by applying a sliding mode control strategy. The objective is the regulation of the active and reactive power, also the voltage and the frequency of the signal injected into the distribution network. The model proposed for the control is based on the sliding mode technique with performance estimators. The proposed model was validated by a simulation on MATLAB/Simulink.
Modeling of Wind Energy on Isolated AreaIJPEDS-IAES
In this paper, a model of the wind turbine (WT) with permanent magnet generator (PMSG) and its associated controllers is presented. The increase of wind power penetration in power systems has meant that conventional power plants are gradually being replaced by wind farms. In fact, today wind farms are required to actively participate in power system operation in the same way as conventional power plants. In fact, power system operators have revised the grid connection requirements for wind turbines and wind farms and now demand that these installations be able to carry out more or less the same control tasks as conventional power plants. For dynamic power system simulations, the PMSG wind turbine model includes an aerodynamic rotor model, a lumped mass representation of the drive train system and generator model. In this paper we propose a model with an implementation in MATLAB / Simulink, each of the system components off-grid small wind turbines.
A Fuzzy Logic Control Strategy for Doubly Fed Induction Generator for Improve...IAES-IJPEDS
In this paper, which is t

decouple PI control for output active and reactive powers
he common control technique for power converter of Doubly Fed
Induction Generator (DFIG) is presented. But there are some disadvantages with this control method like uncertainty about the exact model, behavior of some parameters or unpredictable wind speed and tuning of PI parameters. To overcome the mentioned disadvantages a fuzzy logic control of DFIG wind turbine is presented and is compared with PI controller. To validate the proposed scheme, simulation results are presented, these results showed that the performance of fuzzy control of DFIG is excellent and it improves power quality and stability of wind turbine compared to PI controller. The Fuzzy logic controller is applied to rotor side converter for active power control and voltage regulation of wind turbine. The entire work is carried out in MATLab/Simulink. Different faulty operating conditions are considered to
prove the effective implementation of the proposed control scheme.
Dynamic responses improvement of grid connected wpgs using flc in high wind s...ijscmcj
Environmental and sustainability concerns are developing the significance of distributed generation (DG) based on renewable energy sources. In this paper, dynamic responses investigation of grid connected wind turbine using permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) under variable wind speeds and load circumstances is carried out. In order to control of turbine output power using Fuzzy Logic controller (FLC) in comparison with PI controller is proposed. Furthermore, the pitch angle based on FLC using wind speed and active power as inputs, can have faster responses, thereby leading to smoother power curves, enhancement of dynamic performance of wind turbine and prevention of mechanical damages to PMSG. Inverter adjusted the DC link voltage and active power is fed by d-axis and reactive power is fed by q-axis (using P-Q control mode). Simulation of wind power generation system (WPGS) is carried out in Matlab/Simulink, and the results verify the correctness and feasibility of control strategy.
DYNAMIC RESPONSES IMPROVEMENT OF GRID CONNECTED WPGS USING FLC IN HIGH WIND S...ijscmcjournal
Environmental and sustainability concerns are developing the significance of distributed generation (DG) based on renewable energy sources. In this paper, dynamic responses investigation of grid connected wind turbine using permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) under variable wind speeds and load circumstances is carried out. In order to control of turbine output power using Fuzzy Logic controller (FLC) in comparison with PI controller is proposed. Furthermore, the pitch angle based on FLC using wind speed and active power as inputs, can have faster responses, thereby leading to smoother power curves, enhancement of dynamic performance of wind turbine and prevention of mechanical damages to PMSG. Inverter adjusted the DC link voltage and active power is fed by d-axis and reactive power is fed by q-axis (using P-Q control mode). Simulation of wind power generation system (WPGS) is carried out in Matlab/Simulink, and the results verify the correctness and feasibility of control strategy.
This article addresses the problem of controlling an overall wind energy conversion system (WECS) formed by a wind turbine connected to the grid via a doubly fed introduction generator (DFIG) and an AC/DC/AC converter. The main control objectives are fourfold: (i) designing an output feedback speed controller that makes the DFIG rotate at the optimal value delivered by the MPPT strategy, (ii) controlling the stator reactive power so as to be null, (iii) guaranteeing the DC-link voltage in the grid side converter to be at a given constant value, (iv) ensuring a unitary power factor. A high gain observer is synthesized, in order to provide estimated values of the mechanical variables. To achieve the control objectives, a sliding mode controller involving the mechanical observer is designed. The performance of the system configuration based on the 2MW-DFIG with the proposed controller is evaluated by a numerical simulation under a realistic wind profile using MATLAB/SIMULINK/SimPowerSystems environment.
In recent years, wind energy has become one of the most promising renewable energy sources. Various wind turbine concepts with different generator topologies have been developed to convert this abundant energy into electric power. The doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is currently the most common type of generator used in wind farms. Usually the DFIG generator is a wound rotor induction machine, where the stator circuit is directly connected to grid while the rotor’s winding is connected to the grid via a three-phase converter. This paper describes an approach for the independent control of the active and reactive powers of the variable-speed DFIG. The simulation model including a 1.5 MW-DFIG driven by a wind turbine, a PWM back-to-back inverter and the proposed control strategy are developed and implemented using MATLAB/Simulink/SimPowerSystems environment.
Load Frequency Control of DFIG-isolated and Grid Connected ModeIJAPEJOURNAL
Wind energy is one of the extraordinary promising sources of renewable energy due to its clean character, free availability and economic viability. A Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) feeds power from both the stator and the rotor windings at speeds above synchronous speed of the machine. This paper deals the load frequency control of doubly fed induction generator in isolated mode and grid connected mode. The wind turbine model is obtained using MATLAB/ SIMULINK which consists of DFIG, rotor side rectifier, grid side inverter and grid. This model is controlled by conventional controllerand proposed Load Frequency Control (LFC) method. The results are proven that frequency control gives better results in all the aspects
This article describes firstly a wind power production line, principally a wind turbine constitutes her and brushless doubly fed induction generator (BDFIG). The models of these components are developed, and control objective of BDFIG is to achieve a dynamic performance similar to the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) using a stator flux field oriented control (FOC) and direct power control (DPC) strategy. After, the simulation program using Matlab/Simulink has been developed. The performances of this strategy are evaluated and analyzed, so the results show a good robustness great dynamic and a precision of speed.
Similar to Power Control of Wind Turbine Based on Fuzzy Sliding-Mode Control (20)
Inter-Area Oscillation Damping using an STATCOM Based Hybrid Shunt Compensati...IJPEDS-IAES
FACTS devices are one of the latest technologies which have been used to
improve power system dynamic and stability during recent years. However,
widespread adoption of this technology has been hampered by high cost
and reliability concerns. In this paper an economical phase imbalanced shunt
reactive compensation concept has been introduced and its ability for power
system dynamic enhancement and inter-area oscillation damping are
investigated. A hybrid phase imbalanced scheme is a shunt capacitive
compensation scheme, where two phases are compensated by fixed shunt
capacitor (C) and the third phase is compensated by a Static Synchronous
Compensator (STATCOM) in shunt with a fixed capacitor (CC). The power
system dynamic stability enhancement would be achieved by adding
a conventional Wide Area Damping Controller (WADC) to the main control
loop of the single phase STATCOM. Two different control methodologies
are proposed: a non-optimized conventional damping controller
and a conventional damping controller with optomised parameters that are
added to the main control loop of the unbalanced compensator in order to
damp the inter area oscillations. The proposed arrangement would, certainly,
be economically attractive when compared with a full three-phase
STATCOM. The proposed scheme is prosperously applied in a 13-bus
six-machine test system and various case studies are conducted to
demonstrate its ability in damping inter-area oscillations and power system
dynamic enhancement.
Fuzzy Gain-Scheduling Proportional–Integral Control for Improving the Speed B...IJPEDS-IAES
In this article, we have set up a vector control law of induction machine
where we tried different type of speed controllers. Our control strategy is of
type Field Orientated Control (FOC). In this structure we designed a Fuzzy
Gain-Scheduling Proportional–Integral (Pi) controller to obtain best result
regarding the speed of induction machine. At the beginning we designed a Pi
controller with fixed parameters. We came up to these parameters by
identifying the transfer function of this controller to that of Broïda (second
order transfer function). Then we designed a fuzzy logic (FL) controller.
Based on simulation results, we highlight the performances of each
controller. To improve the speed behaviour of the induction machine, we
have designend a controller called “Fuzzy Gain-Scheduling Proportional–
Integral controller” (FGS-PI controller) which inherited the pros of the
aforementioned controllers. The simulation result of this controller will
strengthen its performances.
Advance Technology in Application of Four Leg Inverters to UPQCIJPEDS-IAES
This article presents a novel application of four leg inverter with
conventional Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) Scheme to
Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC). The Power Quality problem
became burning issues since the starting of high voltage AC transmission
system. Hence, in this article it has been discussed to mitigate the PQ issues
in high voltage AC systems through a three phase Unified Power Quality
Conditioner (UPQC) under various conditions, such as harmonic mitigation
scheme, non linear loads, sag and swell conditions as well. Also, it proposes
to control harmoincs with various artificial intelligent techniques. Thus
application of these control technique such as Neural Networks (ANN)
Fuzzy Logic makes the system performance in par with the standards
and also compared with existing system. The simulation results based on
MATLAB/Simulink are discussed in detail to support the concept developed
in the paper.
Modified SVPWM Algorithm for 3-Level Inverter Fed DTC Induction Motor DriveIJPEDS-IAES
In this paper, a modified space vector pulse width modulation (MSVPWM)
algorithm is developed for 3-level inverter fed direct torque controlled
induction motor drive (DTC-IMD). MSVPWM algorithm simplifies
conventional space vector pulse width modulation (CSVPWM) algorithm for
multilevel inverter (MLI), whose complexity lies in sector/subsector/subsubsector
identification; which will commensurate with number of levels. In
the proposed algorithm sectors are identified as in two level inverter
and subsectors/sub-subsectors are identified by shifting the original reference
vector to sector 1 (S1). This is valid due to the fact that a three level space
vector plane is a composition of six two level space planes, and are
symmetrical with reference to six pivot states. Switching state/sequence
selection is also very important while dealing with SVPWM strategy for
MLI. In the proposed algorithm out of 27 available switching states apt
switching state is selected based on sector and subsector number, such that
voltage ripple is considerably less. To validate the proposed algorithm, it is
tested on a three level neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter fed DTC-IMD.
The performance of the MSVPWM algorithm is analyzed by comparing no
load stator current ripple of the three level DTC-IMD with two level
DTC-IMD. Significant reduction in steady state torque and flux ripple is
observed. Hence, reduced acoustic noise is a distinctive facet of the proposed
method.
Modelling of a 3-Phase Induction Motor under Open-Phase Fault Using Matlab/Si...IJPEDS-IAES
The d-q model of Induction Motors (IMs) has been effectively used as an
efficient method to analyze the performance of the induction machines. This
study presents a step by step Matlab/Simulink implementation
of a star-connected 3-phase IM under open-phase fault (faulty 3-phase IM)
using d-q model. The presented technique in this paper can be simply
implemented in one block and can be made available for control purposes.
The simulated results provide to show the behavior of the star-connected 3-phase IM under open-phase fault condition.
Performance Characteristics of Induction Motor with FielIJPEDS-IAES
With development of power electronics and control Theories, the AC motor
control becomes easier. So the AC motors are used instead of the DC motor
in the drive applications. With this development, a several methods of control
are invented. The field oriented control and direct torque control are from the
best methods to control the drive systems. This paper is compared between
the field oriented control and direct torque control to show the advantages
and disadvantages of these methods of controls. This study discussed the
effects of these methods of control on the total harmonic distortion of the
current and torque ripples. This occurs through study the performance
characteristics of the AC motor. The motor used in this study is an induction
motor. This study is simulated through the MATLAB program.
A Novel Modified Turn-on Angle Control Scheme for Torque- Ripple Reduction in...IJPEDS-IAES
In recent years, Switched Reluctance Motors (SRM) have been dramatically
considered with both researchers and industries. SRMs not only have a
simple and reliable structure, but also have low cost production process.
However, discrete torque production of SRM along with intensive magnetic
saturation in stator and rotor cores are the major drawbacks of utilizing in
variety of industrial applications and also causes the inappropriate torque
ripples. In this paper, a modified logical-rule-based Torque Sharing Function
(TSF) method is proposed considering turn-on angle control. The optimized
turn-on angle for conducting each phase is achieved by estimating the
inductance curve in the vicinity of unaligned position and based on an
analytical solution for each phase voltage equation. Simulation results on a
four-phase switched reluctance motor and comparison with the conventional
methods validates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Modeling and Simulation of Induction Motor based on Finite Element AnalysisIJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents the development of a co-simulation platform of induction
motor (IM). For the simulation, a coupled model is introduced which
contains the control, the power electronics and also the induction machine.
Each of these components is simulated in different software environments.
So, this study provides an advanced modeling and simulation tools for IM
which integrate all the components into one common simulation platform
environment. In this work, the IM is created using Ansys-Maxwell based on
Finite Element Analysis (FEA), whereas the power electronic converter is
developed in Ansys-Simplorer and the control scheme is build in MATLABSimulink
environment. Such structure can be useful for accurate design
and allows coupling analysis for more realistic simulation. This platform is
exploited to analyze the system models with faults caused by failures of
different drive’s components. Here, two studies cases are presented: the first
is the effects of a faulty device of the PWM inverter, and the second case is
the influence of the short circuit of two stator phases. In order to study the
performance of the control drive of the IM under fault conditions,
a co-simulation of the global dynamic model has been proposed to analyze
the IM behavior and control drives. In this work, the co-simulation has been
performed; furthermore the simulation results of scalar control allowed
verifying the precision of the proposed FEM platform.
Comparative Performance Study for Closed Loop Operation of an Adjustable Spee...IJPEDS-IAES
In this paper an extensive comparative study is carried out between PI
and PID controlled closed loop model of an adjustable speed Permanent
Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive. The incorporation of Sinusoidal
Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) strategy establishes near sinusoidal
armature phase currents and comparatively less torque ripples without
sacrificing torque/weight ratio. In this closed loop model of PMSM drive, the
information about reference speed is provided to a speed controller, to ensure
that actual drive speed tracks the reference speed with ideally zero steady
state speed error. The entire model of PMSM closed loop drive is divided
into two loops, inner loop current and outer loop speed. By taking the
different combinations of two classical controllers (PI & PID) related with
two loop control structure, different approximations are carried out. Hence a
typical comparative study is introduced to familiar with the different
performance indices of the system corresponding to time domain and
frequency domain specifications. Therefore overall performance of closed
loop PMSM drive is tested and effectiveness of controllers will be
determined for different combinations.
Novel Discrete Components Based Speed Controller for Induction MotorIJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents an electronic design based on general purpose discrete
components for speed control of a single phase induction motor drive. The
MOSFETs inverter switching is controlled using Sampled Sinusoidal Pulse
Width Modulation (SPWM) techniques with V/F method based on Voltage
Controlled Oscillator (VCO). The load power is also controlled by a novel
design to produce a suitable SPWM pulse. The proposed electronic system
has ability to control the output frequency with flexible setting of lower limit
to less than 1 Hz and to higher frequency limits to 55 Hz. Moreover, the
proposed controller able to control the value of load voltage to frequency
ratio, which plays a major parameter in the function of IM speed control.
Furthermore, the designed system is characterized by easy manufacturing
and maintenance, high speed response, low cost, and does not need to
program steps as compared to other systems based on Microcontroller
and digital signal processor (DSP) units. The complete proposed electronic
design is made by the software of NI Multisim version 11.0 and all the
internal sub-designs are shown in this paper. Simulation results show the
effectiveness of electronic design for a promising of a high performance IM
PWM drive.
Sensorless Control of a Fault Tolerant PMSM Drives in Case of Single-Phase Op...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper introduces a sensorless-speed-controlled PMSM motor fed by a
four-leg inverter in case of a single phase open circuit fault regardless in
which phase is the fault. To minimize the system performance degradation
due to a single phase open circuit fault, a fault tolerant control strategy that
includes taking appropriate actions to control the two remaining healthy
currents is used in addition to use the fourth leg of the inverter. Tracking the
saliency is done through measuring the dynamic current responses of the
healthy phases of the PMSM motor due the IGBT switching actions using the
fundamental PWM method without introducing any modification to the
operation of the fourth leg of the inverter. Simulation results are provided to
verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy for sensorless controlling of
a PMSM motor driven by a fault-tolerant four-phase inverter over a wide
speed ranges under the case of a single phase open circuit.
Improved Stator Flux Estimation for Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor ...IJPEDS-IAES
Stator flux estimation using voltage model is basically the integration of the
induced stator back electromotive force (emf) signal. In practical
implementation the pure integration is replaced by a low pass filter to avoid
the DC drift and saturation problems at the integrator output because of the
initial condition error and the inevitable DC components in the back emf
signal. However, the low pass filter introduces errors in the estimated stator
flux which are significant at frequencies near or lower than the cutoff
frequency. Also the DC components in the back emf signal are amplified at
the low pass filter output by a factor equals to . Therefore, different
integration algorithms have been proposed to improve the stator flux
estimation at steady state and transient conditions. In this paper a new
algorithm for stator flux estimation is proposed for direct torque control
(DTC) of induction motor drives. The proposed algorithm is composed of a
second order high pass filter and an integrator which can effectively
eliminates the effect of the error initial condition and the DC components.
The amplitude and phase errors compensation algorithm is selected such that
the steady state frequency response amplitude and phase angle are equivalent
to that of the pure integrator and the multiplication and division by stator
frequency are avoided. Also the cutoff frequency selection is improved; even
small value can filter out the DC components in the back emf signal. The
simulation results show the improved performance of the induction motor
direct torque control drive with the proposed stator flux estimation algorithm.
The simulation results are verified by the experimental results.
Minimization of Starting Energy Loss of Three Phase Induction Motors Based on...IJPEDS-IAES
The purpose of this paper is to minimize energy losses consumed by three
phase induction motors during starting with wide range of load torque from
no load to full load. This will limit the temperature rise and allows for more
numbers of starting during a definite time. Starting energy losses
minimization is achieved by controlling the rate of increasing voltage
and frequency to start induction motor under certain load torque within a
definite starting time. Optimal voltage and frequency are obtained by particle
swarm optimization (PSO) tool according to load torque. Then, outputs of the
PSO are used to design a neuro-fuzzy controller to control the output voltage
and frequency of the inverter during starting for each load torque. The
starting characteristics using proposed method are compared to that of direct
on line and V/F methods. A complete model of the system is developed using
SIMULINK/MATLAB.
Hardware Implementation of Solar Based Boost to SEPIC Converter Fed Nine Leve...IJPEDS-IAES
Multi level inverters are widely used in high power applications because of
low harmonic distortion. This paper deals with the simulation
and implementation of PV based boost to SEPIC converter with multilevel
inverter. The output of PV system is stepped up using boost to sepic
converter and it is converted into AC using a multilevel inverter.
The simulation and experimental results with the R load is presented in this
paper. The FFT analysis is done and the THD values are compared. Boost to
SEPIC converter is proposed to step up the voltage to the required value. The
experimental results are compared with the simulation results. The results
indicate that nine level inverter system has better performance than seven
level inverter system.
Transformer Less Voltage Quadrupler Based DC-DC Converter with Coupled Induct...IJPEDS-IAES
In this paper a voltage quadrupler dc-dc converter with coupled inductor
and π filter is presented. The use of the coupled inductor reduces the high
leakage inductance which is present in a transformer enabled converter.
The output ripples in the converter is reduced by providing a π filter.
The interleaved voltage quadrupler is used in this system in order to boost the
output voltage. The voltage multiplier improves the output voltage gain.
The main advantage of this system is more voltage gain when compared with
the transformer eneabled circuit and the overall efficiency of the system is
improved. The circuit is simple to control. As a final point of this research,
the simulation and the hardware investigational results are presented to
demonstrate the effectiveness of this proposed converter.
IRAMY Inverter Control for Solar Electric VehicleIJPEDS-IAES
Solar Electric Vehicles (SEV) are considered the future vehicles to solve the issues of air pollution, global warming, and the rapid decreases of the petroleum resources facing the current transportation technology. However, SEV are still facing important technical obstacles to overcome. They include batteries energy storage capacity, charging times, efficiency of the solar panels and electrical propulsion systems. Solving any of those problems and electric vehicles will compete-complement the internal combustion engines vehicles. In the present work, we propose an electrical propulsion system based on three phase induction motor in order to obtain the desired speed and torque with less power loss. Because of the need to lightweight nature, small volume, low cost, less maintenance and high efficiency system, a three phase squirrel cage induction motor (IM) is selected in the electrical propulsion system. The IM is fed from three phase inverter operated by a constant V/F control method and Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) algorithm. The proposed control strategy has been implemented on the texas instruments TM320F2812 Digital Signal Processor (DSP) to generate SVPWM signal needed to trigger the gates of IGBT based inverter. The inverter used in this work is a three phase inverter IRAMY20UP60B type. The experimental results show the ability of the proposed control strategy to generate a three-phase sine wave signal with desired frequency. The proposed control strategy is experimented on a locally manufactured EV prototype. The results show that the EV prototype can be propelled to speed up to 60km/h under different road conditions.
Design and Implementation of Single Phase AC-DC Buck-Boost Converter for Powe...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper discusses the Power Factor Correction (PFC) for single phase AC-DC Buck-Boost Converter (BBC) operated in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) using inductor average current mode control. The proposed control technique employs Proportional-Integral (PI) controller in the outer voltage loop and the Inductor Average Current Mode Control (IACMC) in the inner current loop for PFC BBC. The IACMC has advantages such as robustness when there are large variations in line voltage and output load. The PI controller is developed by using state space average model of BBC. The simulation of the proposed system with its control circuit is implemented in MatLab/Simulink. The simulation results show a nearly unity power factor can be attained and there is almost no change in power factor when the line frequency is at various ranges. Experimental results are provided to show its validity and feasibility.
Improvement of Wind farm with PMSG using STATCOMIJPEDS-IAES
This paper studies about the dynamic performance of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator with Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) for Wind farm integration. A whole dynamic model of wind energy conversion system (WECS) with PMSG and STATCOM are established in a MATLAB environment. With this model the dynamic behaviour of the generator and the overall system has been studied to determine the performance of them with and without STATCOM. Final results portrays that the WECS based PMSG with STATCOM improves the transient response of the wind farm when the system is in fault.
A Review on Design and Development of high Reliable Hybrid Energy Systems wit...IJPEDS-IAES
Hybrid Energy system is a combination of two or more different types of energy resources. Now a day this hybrid energy system plays key role in various remote area power applications. Hybrid energy system is more reliable than single energy system. This paper deals with high reliable hybrid energy system with solar, wind and micro hydro resources. The proposed hybrid system cable of multi mode operation and high reliable due to non communicated based controllers (Droop Characteristic Control) are used for optimal power sharing. Size of battery can be reduced because hydro used as back up source and Maximum power point Tracking also applied to solar and wind energy systems.
Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control for Photovoltaic SystemIJPEDS-IAES
In this study, a fuzzy sliding mode control (FSMC) based maximum power point tracking strategy has been applied for photovoltaic (PV) system. The key idea of the proposed technique is to combine the performances of the fuzzy logic and the sliding mode control in order to improve the generated power for a given set of climatic conditions. Different from traditional sliding mode control, the developed FSMC integrates two parts. The first part uses a fuzzy logic controller with two inputs and 25 rules as an equivalent controller while the second part is designed for an online adjusting of the switching controller’s gain using a fuzzy tuner with one input and one output. Simulation results showed the effectiveness of the proposed approach achieving maximum power point. The fuzzy sliding mode (FSM) controller takes less time to track the maximum power point, reduced the oscillation around the operating point and also removed the chattering phenomena that could lead to decrease the efficiency of the photovoltaic system.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
2. IJPEDS ISSN: 2088-8694
Power Control of Wind Turbine Based on Fuzzy Sliding-Mode Control (Tahir Khalfallah)
503
Fuzzy logic has emerged as a powerful in control applications. It allows one to design a controller
using linguistic rules without knowing the mathematical model of the plant.
In this paper our objective is to apply a fuzzy controller combined with sliding mode to overcome
shattering of both sliding mode and fuzzy logic controllers and then to obtain a control system for a high
performance for power system [5]. Simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed
overall WFSG control system.
2. WIND CONVERSION SYSTEM MODEL
The WECS described in this article includes the wind turbine, gearbox, WFSG, and back-to-back
converters. The rotor winding of the WFSG is connected to the grid by DC/AC converter, whereas the stator
winding is fed by back-to-back bidirectional PWM-VSC. In this system, the wind energy is transmitted
through the turbine to the three-phase WFSG and generated in electrical form. This energy is transmitted
directly through a bridge rectifier and inverter to the electrical network (Figure 1). We consider in this study
that the rectifier is perfect. So semiconductors are ideal [6]. In this paper our study is limited to the
generation of power in continuous form.
Figure 1 shows the equivalent diagram of the electrical portion of the string conversion of wind
energy.
Figure 1. WFSG based wind energy conversion system
2.1. Modeling of the Wind Turbine and Gearbox
The turbine power and torque developed are given by the following relation [7]:
,
2
1 32
pwa CVRP
(1)
,
2
1 23
pw
t
a
a CVR
P
T
(2)
Which presents the ratio between the turbine angular speed and the wind speed. This ratio called
the tip speed ration and is defined as:
w
t
V
R
(3)
Where is the air density, R is the blade length, wV is the wind speed, pC is the power
coefficient, t is the turbine angular speed.
The power coefficient pC presents the aerodynamic efficiency of the turbine and depends on the
specific speed and the angle of the blades. It is different from a turbine to another, and is usually provided
by the manufacturer and can be used to define a mathematical approximation.
The wind turbine shaft is connected to the WFSG rotor through a gearbox which adapts the slow
speed of the turbine to the WFSG speed. This gearbox is modeled by the following equations [8]:
3. ISSN: 2088-8694
IJPEDS Vol. 5, No. 4, April 2015 : 502 – 511
504
G
m
t
;
G
T
T a
m (4)
From the dynamics fundamental relation, the turbine speed is determined as follows:
memm
m
fTT
dt
d
J
(5)
J and f are the total moment of inertia and the viscous friction coefficient appearing at the
generator side, mT is the gearbox torque, emT is the generator torque, and m is the mechanical generator
speed.
Figure 2 represents the power coefficient pC as a function of and .
Figure 3 shows the mechanical power as a function of rotor speed of the turbine for different values
of wind speed [9].
Figure 2. Power coefficient versus tip speed ratio Figure 3. Rotor power versus rotational speed of
generator
2.2. Modeling of the WFSG
In the synchronous d-q coordinates, the voltage equation of the WFSG is expressed as follows [10]:
dt
di
m
dt
di
m
dt
di
LimiLirv D
sD
f
sf
ds
dQsQeqsqedssds (6)
dt
di
m
dt
di
LimimiLirv
Q
sQ
qs
qDsDefsfedsdeqssqs (7)
qssQQQQ
dssDffDDDD
QQQ
DDD
imiL
imimiL
dt
d
ir
dt
d
ir
.
0
0
(8)
Where:
DL , QL : inductances of the direct and quadrature damper windings.
fL : inductance of the main field winding.
dL , qL : inductances of the d-axis stator winding and q-axis stator winding.
4. IJPEDS ISSN: 2088-8694
Power Control of Wind Turbine Based on Fuzzy Sliding-Mode Control (Tahir Khalfallah)
505
sfm : mutual inductance between the field winding and the d-axis stator winding.
sDm : mutual inductance between the d-axis stator winding and the d-axis damper winding.
sQm : mutual inductance between the q-axis stator winding and the q-axis damper winding.
fDm : mutual inductance between the field winding and the d-axis damper winding.
e : is the electrical angular speed, me p
The electromagnetic torque is expressed by:
dsqqsdem iipT . (9)
3. SLIDING MODE CONTROL
To achieve the maximum power at below rated wind speed, sliding mode based torque control is
proposed in [11]. The main objective of this controller is to track the reference rotor speed refm _ for
maximum power extraction. In conventional sliding mode control, sliding surface generally depends on error,
and derivative of the error signal is given in (10).
xx
dt
d
x ref
n
x
1
(10)
Where is the positive constant and n is the order of the uncontrolled system.
The speed error is defined by [12]:
mrefmm
e _
. (11)
For 1n , the position control manifold equation can be obtained from Equation (10) as follow:
mrefmm _
. (12)
The derivative of this surface is given by the expression:
.)()( 3_12 qsDsDfsfrefmm iimimccc
(13)
During the sliding mode and in permanent regime, we have:
0,0)(,0)( n
qsmm i
. (14)
The current control qsi is defined by:
n
qs
eq
qsqs iii
. (15)
The control voltage refqsi _ is defined by:
))((
)(3
_12
_ m
DsDfsf
refmm
refqs satk
imimc
cc
i m
. (16)
5. ISSN: 2088-8694
IJPEDS Vol. 5, No. 4, April 2015 : 502 – 511
506
The stator currents qsi and dsi are the images, respectively, of the sP and the sQ , which must
follow their references.
3.1. Quadratic Rotor Current Control with SMC
The sliding surface representing the error between the measured and reference quadratic rotor
current is given by:
qsrefqsiqs iiei qs
_)(
(17)
qsrefqsqs iii _)(
(18)
Substituting the expression of qsi Equation (7) in Equation (18), Equation (19) and Equation (20)
can be obtained.
qsQsQDfdsqss
q
refqsqs vimiaiaiair
L
ii 321_
1
)(
(19)
And,
n
qs
eq
qsqs vvv
. (20)
During the sliding mode and in permanent regime, there is:
0,0)(,0)( n
qqsqs vii
(21)
Where the equivalent control is:
QsQDfdsqssrefqsq
eq
qs imiaiaiairiLv 321_
(22)
Therefore, the correction factor is given by:
)( qsv
n
qs isatKv q
(23)
Where qvK is positive constant.
3.2. Direct Rotor Current Control with SMC
The sliding surface representing the error between the measured and reference direct rotor current is
given by:
dsrefdsids iiei ds
_)(
(24)
dsrefdsds iii _)(
(25)
Substituting the expression of dsi Equation (6) in Equation (25), there is:
6. IJPEDS ISSN: 2088-8694
Power Control of Wind Turbine Based on Fuzzy Sliding-Mode Control (Tahir Khalfallah)
507
dsDsDfsfQqsdss
d
refdsds vimimibibir
L
ii 21_
1
)(
(26)
And,
n
ds
eq
dsds vvv
. (27)
During the sliding mode and in permanent regime, Equation (28) can be obtained.
0,0)(,0)( n
dsdsds vii
(28)
Where the equivalent control is:
DsDfsfQqsdssrefdsd
eq
ds imimibibiriLv 21_
(29)
Therefore, the correction factor is given by:
)( dsv
n
ds isatKv d
(30)
Where dvK is positive constant.
esfma 2 ; esQmb 2 ;
J
f
c 2 ;
J
p
c 3 ; edLa 1 ; eqLb 1 ; esDma 3 ;
J
T
c m
1
4. FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER
Fuzzy-logic control has the capability to control nonlinear, uncertain and adaptive systems with
parameter variation. Fuzzy control does not strictly need any mathematical model of the plant. Its control rule
can be qualitatively expressed on the basis of logic-language variation and the fuzzy model of a plant is very
easy to apply. In fact, fuzzy control is good adaptive control among the techniques discussed so far. In this
paper, fuzzy-logic control is associated with sliding-mode control to generate the switching controller term
)( dqsiKsat , which ensures the precision and robustness of the control [12].
The general structure of a fuzzy-control system is shown in Figure 4. There are two input signals to
the fuzzy controller, the error E and the change in errorCE , which is related to the derivative dtDE / of
error. The closed-loop error E and change in error CE signals are converted to the respective scale factors,
GEEe / and GCCEce / . The output plant control signal DU is derived by multiplying by the
scale factorGU , that is GUduDU * , and then integrated to generate the U signal [13].
The scale factors can change the sensitivity of the controller without changing its structure. The
fuzzy controller is composed of three blocks: fuzzification, rule bases, and defuzzification. The membership
functions for inputs output variables are shown in Figure 5. The fuzzy subsets are as follows: GN (Grand
negative), N (Negative), ZR (Zero), P (Positive), and GP (Grand positive). There are seven fuzzy subsets for
each variable, which gives 5 × 5 = 25 possible rules. The fuzzy rules that produce these control actions are
reported in Table 1.
The Defuzzification of the output control is accomplished using the method of center of gravity.
When the error is below zero, the universe of the control value should be expanded by a contraction-
expansion factor xF . When the error is above zero, the universe should be contracted. Therefore xF is
defined as M
xMxF /1
. (M gain positive).
7. ISSN: 2088-8694
IJPEDS Vol. 5, No. 4, April 2015 : 502 – 511
508
Figure 4. Structure of the fuzzy controller Figure 5. Membership functions of e, ceand DU
Table 1. Rules base
GN N ZR P GP
GN GN GN GN N ZR
N GN N N ZR P
ZR N N ZR P P
P N ZR P P GP
GP ZR P GP GP GP
5. SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
To demonstrate the pertinence of the proposed WFSG Fuzzy-sliding-control approach (Figure 6),
simulation has been performed for 7.5KW WFSG wind power system using Matlab/Simulink™. The wind
profile used in our simulations is shown in Figure 7(a).
In addition, aerodynamic power is optimized with MPPT strategy and keeps at his nominal value
when the wind speed exceeds the nominal value as shows in Figure 7(b), and the power coefficient pC is the
maximum around 0.48 as shown in Figure 7(c).
By applying the proposed control scheme, the optimal speed command is accurately tracked to
extract the maximum power from the wind energy at any moment. In Figure 7(d) the generated torque
reference follows the optimum mechanical torque of the turbine quite well. Figure 7(e) shows the speed
tracking results of the WFSG. In terms of the actual wind speed, the optimal WFSG speed command is
obtained by Eq. (3).
The decoupling effect of the between the direct and quadratic stator current of the WFSG is
illustrated in Figure 7(f).
The stator current and voltage waveforms and these zoom of the WFSG are presented in Figire 7(g).
As shown in this Figures, the stator currents are proportional to the wind speed. This is due to the reason that
when the wind speed increases (not larger than 9.1 m/s), there is more power generated, thus yield more
currents in the stator windings of the WFSG.
Figure 6. Global diagram of simulation and control of WFSG with Fuzzy-SMC
8. IJPEDS ISSN: 2088-8694
Power Control of Wind Turbine Based on Fuzzy Sliding-Mode Control (Tahir Khalfallah)
509
Figure 7. System performance under wind speed variation. (a) Wind speed [m/s]. (b) Aerodynamic power
[W]. (c) Power coefficient. (d) Generated torque [N.m]. (e) Generator speed [rad/s]. (f) Direct and quadratic
stator current [A]. (g) Stator current and voltage with zoom [A, V]
6. CONCLUSION
In this paper, a fuzzy sliding mode controller is applied to control the power generated By the
WECS based on wound field synchronous generator and to realize nonlinear control. We have established a
model of the wind conversion chain, and design a control strategy based on vector control. This structure has
been used for reference tracking of active and reactive powers exchanged between the stator and the grid by
controlling the stator converter. A series of simulations are performed to test the effectiveness of this
controller. The simulation results show that the proposed fuzzy-SMC is very good in dealing with the time-
varying, nonlinear nature of WECS. The fuzzy-SMC was also proven more effective than the FLC and SM
controller regarding the control performance and power capture.
9. ISSN: 2088-8694
IJPEDS Vol. 5, No. 4, April 2015 : 502 – 511
510
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors gratefully appreciate the support of Tiaret University, Algeria.
REFERENCES
[1] Bouzid MA, Zine S, Allaoui T, Massoum A. Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Control of Wind Turbine Emulator.
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS). 2014; 4(2); 233-240
[2] Thongam JS, Bouchard P, Beguenane R, Okou AF. Control of variable speed wind energy conversion system using
a wind speed sensorless optimum speed MPPT control method. 37
th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial
Electronics Society (IECON). 2011; 7-10.
[3] Blaabjerg F, Iov F, Chen Z, Ma K. Power electronics and controls for wind turbine systems. IEEE International
Energy Conference and Exhibition. 2010; 333-344 Dec.
[4] E. Topal and L. Ergene, "designing a wind turbine with permanent magnet synchronous machine" IU-JEEE 2011.
[5] Khaddouj BM, Faiza D, Ismail B. fuzzy sliding mode controller for power system SMIB. Journal of Theoretical
and Applied Information Technology. 2013; 54 (2); 331-338.
[6] Chunting Mi, Filippa M, Shen J, Natarajan N. Modeling and control of variable speed constant frequency
synchronous generator with brushless exciter. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. 2004; 40(2); 565–73.
[7] Camblong H. Minimizing the impact of wind turbine disturbances in the electricity generation by wind turbines with
variable speed" (Minimisation de l’impact des perturbations d’origine éolienne dans la Génération d’électricité par
des aérogénérateurs à vitesse variable). PhD thesis; ENSAM; Bordeaux; 2003.
[8] Belabbas B, Tayeb A, Mohamed T, Ahmed S. Hybrid Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control of a DFIG Integrated into the
Network. International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS). 2013; 3(4); 351-364.
[9] Refoufi L, Al Zahawi BAT, Jack AG. Analysis and modelling of the steady state behavior of the static Kramer
induction generator. IEEE Transaction Energy Conversion. 1999; 14(3); 333–339.
[10] Abdallah B, Slim T, Gérard C, Emile M. Analysis of synchronous machine modeling for simulation and industrial
applications. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory. 2010; 18(3); 1382–1396.
[11] Merabet A, Beguenane R, Thongam JS, Hussein I. Adaptive sliding mode speed control for wind turbine systems. In:
Proceedings of the 37
th Annual Conf on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. 2011; 2461– 2466.
[12] Yongfeng Ren, Hanshan Li, Jie Zhou, Zhongquan An. Dynamic Performance Analysis of Grid-connected DFIG
Based on Fuzzy Logic Control. International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA). 2009; 719–723.
[13] Zadeh LA. Fuzzy setes, Information and Control. 8 338–353. 1965.
BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Tahir Khalfallah is PhD student in the Department of Electrical Engineering in at the Dr
Moulay Tahar University of Saida, ALGERIA. He received a MASTER degree in Actuator and
industrial control from the UDMT of Saida. His research activities include the Renewable
Energies and the Control of Electrical Systems. He is a member in Energetic Engineering and
Computer Engineering Laboratory (L2GEGI).
Belfedal Cheikh received the Magister degree in electrical engineering from Tiaret University,
Algeria, in 1996. Currently he is with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Tiaret
University. His fields of interest are control of electrical machines, power converters, modelling
and control of wind turbines. He is a member in Energetic Engineering and Computer
Engineering Laboratory (L2GEGI)
Allaoui Tayeb received his engineer degree in electrical engineering from the Ibn Khaldoun
University of Tiaret in 1996 and his master degree from the University of Science and
Technology of Oran in 2002.His research interests includes intelligent control of power systems
and FACTS, Active filter and renewable energies. He is a Director of Energetic Engineering and
Computer Engineering Laboratory (L2GEGI).
10. IJPEDS ISSN: 2088-8694
Power Control of Wind Turbine Based on Fuzzy Sliding-Mode Control (Tahir Khalfallah)
511
Gerard Champenois (M’09) was born in France in 1957. He received the Ph.D. and
“Habilitation” degrees from the Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, Grenoble, France,
in 1984 and 1992, respectively. He is currently a Professor with the Automatic Control and
Industrial Data Processing Laboratory (LAII), Poitiers National School of Engineering (ESIP),
University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France. His major fields of interest in research are renewable
energy systems, energy storage systems, electrical machines associated with static converter,
control, modeling, and diagnosis.