Poultry enterprise is increasingly gaining viability owning to successful preventive measures of vaccination protocols for various diseases of economic importance. A cross sectional study involving forty five 45 poultry farms across the Six 6 wards in Wukari, Local Government Area, Taraba State Nigeria were surveyed to determine the vaccination practices and the vaccines used by poultry farmers. Purposive sampling was employed by Interviewer administered structured questionnaires in the course of the study. Fisher’s exact test was used to test for association between categorical variables. A total of 8 17.8 , 3 6.7 , 3 6.7 , 8 17.8 , 6 13.3 and 17 37.8 farms were visited in Avyi, Bantaje, Chonku, Hospital, Jibu and Puje wards respectively. The forty five respondents were 57.8 male and 42.2 female farmers. Majority of the respondents never administered Marek’s 82.2 , LaSota 51.1 , Komarov 75.6 , Fowl cholera 75.6 Fowl typhoid 73.3 and Coccidiosis 68.9 vaccines. Only 42.2 of the respondents had vaccination records while 51.1 had vaccination schedules. There was a significant association between disease outbreak and the use of Infectious Bursal disease, Fowl typhoid, Fowlpox and Coccidiosis vaccines respectively. The association between the handling of vaccines and disease outbreaks were significant p 0.05 for Marek’s, Infectious Bursal disease, Fowl typhoid and Coccidiosis. The result of the association between vaccine administration against vaccine failures was significantly different p 0.05 in all vaccines used. In conclusion, poultry farmers in Wukari are aware of routine vaccinations although a majority of them do not administer the vaccines and the few that use these vaccines have poor record storage practices. Otolorin G. R | Olufemi O. T | Tsokwa D | Dunka H. I | Baba-Onoja E. B | Edehi. E | Adanu W. A "Poultry Vaccines and Vaccination Practices among Farmers in Wukari, Taraba State Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43695.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/other/43695/poultry-vaccines-and-vaccination-practices-among-farmers-in-wukari-taraba-state-nigeria/otolorin-g-r
A good poultry health management is an important component of poultry production. Infectious disease causing agents will spread through a flock very quickly because of the high stocking densities of commercially housed poultry.
For poultry health management to be effective a primary aim must be to prevent the onset of disease or parasites, to recognize at an early stage the presence of disease or parasites, and to treat all flocks that are diseased or infested with parasites as soon as possible and before they develop into a serious condition or spread to other flocks. To be able to do this it is necessary to know how to recognize that the birds are diseased, the action required for preventing or minimising disease and how to monitor for signs that the prevention program is working.
This manual is a brief guide to preventing, diagnosing and controlling poultry diseases. All major poultry diseases are discussed in detail. The description of each disease includes information about its cause, the susceptibility of poultry species, ways the disease is transmitted, clinical signs and lesions, how the disease is diagnosed, and ways to treat it. There are colour photos to aid in disease identification. There is additional information on the nature and cause of disease and on sanitation practices, and a glossary of common terms. The book is fully indexed so that diseases can be found by both their formal and common names
Avian influenza virus vaccines: the use of vaccination in poultry productionHarm Kiezebrink
Dr. Ossama Motawae, an Egyptian veterinarian, posted an interesting presentation online, explaining the basics of vaccination. Poultry vaccines are widely applied to prevent and control contagious poultry diseases. Their use in poultry production is aimed at avoiding or minimizing the emergence of clinical disease at farm level, thus increasing production.
Vaccines and vaccination programs vary broadly in regard to several local factors (e.g. type of production, local pattern of disease, costs and potential losses) and are generally managed by the poultry industry.
In the last decade, the financial losses caused by the major epidemic diseases of poultry (avian influenza and Newcastle disease) have been enormous for both the commercial and the public sectors.
Thus, vaccination should also be applied in the framework of poultry disease eradication programs at national or regional levels under the official supervision of public Veterinary Services. This paper provides insight on the use of vaccination for the control of poultry infections, with particular emphasis on the control of trans-boundary poultry diseases.
Avian influenza in herd health and production economicsShareef Ngunguni
Avian influenza is a zoonotic and notifiable disease which occurs world wide. Different risk factors are associated with transmission of the disease to humans. It has two forms HPAI and LPAI. The disease has an impact on public health and economics of the country. In Malawi,it seems the disease appeared in 2005 where it attacked migratory birds
Mr. Victor Velez - Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ResponseJohn Blue
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Response - Mr. Victor Velez, Animal Health and Food Safety Services, California Department of Food and Agriculture, from the 2015 NIAA Annual Conference titled 'Water and the Future of Animal Agriculture', March 23 - March 26, 2015, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2015_niaa_water_future_animal_ag
Effect of Avian Influenza on Household Consumption of Poultry Products: Evide...Olutosin Ademola Otekunrin
The study examined the effect of Avian Influenza (AI) on the household consumption of poultry products during the first outbreak of the disease in Ogun State, Nigeria. Furthermore, determinants influencing poultry products consumption during the outbreak were identified. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 120 households and a well structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test and regression techniques. Egg consumption reduced significantly dropping from an average of 40 eggs/month to 29 eggs/month (p=0.038) during the AI outbreak. The average chicken expenditure/month dropped significantly from N1116.44 to N991.96 (p=0.019). Awareness of AI, educational level and amount spent on food consumption were the significant factors that contributed to the consumption of poultry products during the AI outbreak. The study therefore recommended that members of the public should be properly sensitized on safety precautions that should be cultivated before the consumption of poultry products especially during outbreaks of diseases.
Capacity building through training in antimicrobial resistance control in Uga...ILRI
Poster by Steven Kakooza, Wilfred Eneku, Joshua Waiswa, Martin Barasa, Dreck Ayebare, Irene Mbatidde, Dickson Ndoboli, Michel Dione, Kristina Roesel, Bernd-Alois Tenhagen and Arshnee Moodley presented at the Boosting Uganda's Investment in Livestock Development (BUILD) project annual planning meeting, Kampala, Uganda, 20–22 September 2022.
A good poultry health management is an important component of poultry production. Infectious disease causing agents will spread through a flock very quickly because of the high stocking densities of commercially housed poultry.
For poultry health management to be effective a primary aim must be to prevent the onset of disease or parasites, to recognize at an early stage the presence of disease or parasites, and to treat all flocks that are diseased or infested with parasites as soon as possible and before they develop into a serious condition or spread to other flocks. To be able to do this it is necessary to know how to recognize that the birds are diseased, the action required for preventing or minimising disease and how to monitor for signs that the prevention program is working.
This manual is a brief guide to preventing, diagnosing and controlling poultry diseases. All major poultry diseases are discussed in detail. The description of each disease includes information about its cause, the susceptibility of poultry species, ways the disease is transmitted, clinical signs and lesions, how the disease is diagnosed, and ways to treat it. There are colour photos to aid in disease identification. There is additional information on the nature and cause of disease and on sanitation practices, and a glossary of common terms. The book is fully indexed so that diseases can be found by both their formal and common names
Avian influenza virus vaccines: the use of vaccination in poultry productionHarm Kiezebrink
Dr. Ossama Motawae, an Egyptian veterinarian, posted an interesting presentation online, explaining the basics of vaccination. Poultry vaccines are widely applied to prevent and control contagious poultry diseases. Their use in poultry production is aimed at avoiding or minimizing the emergence of clinical disease at farm level, thus increasing production.
Vaccines and vaccination programs vary broadly in regard to several local factors (e.g. type of production, local pattern of disease, costs and potential losses) and are generally managed by the poultry industry.
In the last decade, the financial losses caused by the major epidemic diseases of poultry (avian influenza and Newcastle disease) have been enormous for both the commercial and the public sectors.
Thus, vaccination should also be applied in the framework of poultry disease eradication programs at national or regional levels under the official supervision of public Veterinary Services. This paper provides insight on the use of vaccination for the control of poultry infections, with particular emphasis on the control of trans-boundary poultry diseases.
Avian influenza in herd health and production economicsShareef Ngunguni
Avian influenza is a zoonotic and notifiable disease which occurs world wide. Different risk factors are associated with transmission of the disease to humans. It has two forms HPAI and LPAI. The disease has an impact on public health and economics of the country. In Malawi,it seems the disease appeared in 2005 where it attacked migratory birds
Mr. Victor Velez - Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ResponseJohn Blue
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Response - Mr. Victor Velez, Animal Health and Food Safety Services, California Department of Food and Agriculture, from the 2015 NIAA Annual Conference titled 'Water and the Future of Animal Agriculture', March 23 - March 26, 2015, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2015_niaa_water_future_animal_ag
Effect of Avian Influenza on Household Consumption of Poultry Products: Evide...Olutosin Ademola Otekunrin
The study examined the effect of Avian Influenza (AI) on the household consumption of poultry products during the first outbreak of the disease in Ogun State, Nigeria. Furthermore, determinants influencing poultry products consumption during the outbreak were identified. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 120 households and a well structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test and regression techniques. Egg consumption reduced significantly dropping from an average of 40 eggs/month to 29 eggs/month (p=0.038) during the AI outbreak. The average chicken expenditure/month dropped significantly from N1116.44 to N991.96 (p=0.019). Awareness of AI, educational level and amount spent on food consumption were the significant factors that contributed to the consumption of poultry products during the AI outbreak. The study therefore recommended that members of the public should be properly sensitized on safety precautions that should be cultivated before the consumption of poultry products especially during outbreaks of diseases.
Capacity building through training in antimicrobial resistance control in Uga...ILRI
Poster by Steven Kakooza, Wilfred Eneku, Joshua Waiswa, Martin Barasa, Dreck Ayebare, Irene Mbatidde, Dickson Ndoboli, Michel Dione, Kristina Roesel, Bernd-Alois Tenhagen and Arshnee Moodley presented at the Boosting Uganda's Investment in Livestock Development (BUILD) project annual planning meeting, Kampala, Uganda, 20–22 September 2022.
Gender roles in ruminant disease management in Uganda and implications for co...ILRI
Poster by Jane Namatovu, Peter Lule, Marsy Asindu, Zoë A. Campbell, Henry Kiara, Bernard Bett, Kristina Roesel and Emily Ouma presented at the Boosting Uganda's Investment in Livestock Development (BUILD) project annual planning meeting, Kampala, Uganda, 20–22 September 2022.
Rotavirus RV is a disease that is extremely spreadable in children whose age ranges between 3'5 years. Rotavirus vaccination RVV is an effective method for combating the diarrhoea disease as rotavirus is the leading cause of diarrhoea worldwide. For fulfilling the aim of reducing the burden of RV caused in children under 5 years for diarrhoea mortality. World Health Organization WHO recommends introducing RVVs worldwide. Globally three RVVs are licensed for local use two monovalent vaccines Rotarix, and Rotavac and a pentavalent vaccine RotaTeq. Safety and efficacy of these vaccines have been proved, however, they require cold chain storage at or below 2oto 8oC before use. In this article, a detailed profile of Rotarix vaccine is being emphasized. Rotavirus Vaccines are in high demand for introduction by many low income countries, but limitations such as price, poor supply and insufficient cold chain capacity at distant delivery points, have restricted their introduction. A. A Bhosale | Dr. V. U Barge "Illustrative Review on Rotavirus Vaccines" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29552.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/29552/illustrative-review-on-rotavirus-vaccines/a-a-bhosale
Access to information on veterinary services among small ruminant farmers in ...AI Publications
The research was carried out to investigate access to information on veterinary services among small ruminants' farmers in Surulere Local Government Area, of Oyo State. The data was collected using formal questionnaires from 93 respondents. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result from the study shows that majority (62%) of the respondent with majority (81.7%) being male within the age range between 20-49 years. Results on educational level of the respondents show that more than half of the respondents had former education with about 34.4% having ll-15 years of experience in the business and 32.3% having 6-10 years of experience. None of the socio-characteristic of the respondent has significant effect on the access to information on veterinary services by the respondents. Also, majority (75.3%) gets information on veterinary services through phone calls, 67.7% through radio advertisement while 66.7% of them regularly have a personal contact and interaction with veterinary doctor in the area. The result further shows significant correlation (P<0.05) between the source of information and access to veterinary service. The study however reveals that the major constraints to small ruminant farmers in the study area include low level of literacy (78.5%) and inadequate extension service being provided in the area (67%). In researching how accessible is veterinary service to small ruminant farmers in Surulere Local Government of Oyo State, 69.9% of the farmers considered vaccination to be a frequently accessible service while 58.8% of them opined that deworming service is frequently available in the area while only 44.1% believed that castration service in frequently available 43.0% says it is occasionally available. Therefore, the results of this study proves that while majority of the respondents were in their active age they need to be exposed to more formal education and that there is need to increase the presence of extension services in the study area.
Transmission dynamics of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica, Escheri...ILRI
Poster by Dickson Ndoboli, Irene Mbatidde, Dreck Ayebare, Eddie Wampande, Bernd-Alois Tenhagen, John Emarld Olsen, Kristina Roesel and Arshnee Moodley presented at the Boosting Uganda's Investment in Livestock Development (BUILD) project annual planning meeting, Kampala, Uganda, 20–22 September 2022.
Bovine Mastitis due to Coliform Bacteria, and Susceptibility to Antibiotics, ...Premier Publishers
This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of coliform bacteria in bovine milk in Plateau State of Nigeria and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. A total of 640 milk samples were collected aseptically and 160 questionnaires from where data such as breed, age, parity, lactation stage, floor type, and husbandry system were analyzed. Cows without clinical mastitis were subjected to California Mastitis Test to determine the presence of subclinical mastitis. Bacteriological assays and antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted according to standard guidelines. Subclinical mastitis with a prevalence of 63.8% was more prevalent in cows than clinical mastitis. Overall, the Friesian breed had the highest mastitis prevalence of 85.7% compared to White Fulani (which is indigenous in Nigeria). Cows aged within 2-4 years old had the least mastitis prevalence of 55.2%. Coliforms isolated from milk samples included E coli, K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, C. freundii, E. aerogenes, E. cloacae, and S. marcescens, with E coli having the highest prevalence of 44.8%. The most resistant antimicrobial agent was Streptomycin with 79% prevalence. The principle of One Health approach which targets the environment, animals and humans should be considered important. Good hygienic measures should be intensified among pastoralists.
Foot and mouth disease preventive and epidemiological aspectsBhoj Raj Singh
FMD: Menace in India
Discusses problems of FMD Control in India like:
Lack of faith in farmers and veterinarians that FMD can be controlled with vaccination (due to repeated failure of vaccines in quality and vaccination failures resulting in FMD outbreaks).
Lack of infrastructure facilities for maintaining the cold chain and efficient transport to the vaccination site.
Lack of human resources for handling/ vaccinating livestock.
Needs for further researches on diagnosis (Pen-side), disinfection, vaccines and vaccination (affording at least a year immunity, quality vaccine etc.) and control strategies.
No-timely investigation or excessively delayed investigation of FMD outbreaks especially those occurring after vaccination.
Transparency in vaccine quality monitoring and vaccine purchases.
Fear in veterinarians for reporting FMD in their area of operation.
False statistics of the disease and vaccination.
No legal punitive action against suppliers of substandard FMD vaccines even after the supply of multiple substandard batches of vaccine.
The use of Innovation Platforms to increase vaccination coverage against ende...ILRI
Poster prepared by M.M. Dione, I. Traore, H. Kassambara, C. O. Toure, A. Sow, B. Wieland and A. Fall for the 15th International Symposium of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 12-16 November 2018
Microbial contamination at slaughter and retail points of the pork value chai...ILRI
Poster by Velma Kivali, Uwe Rösler, Clovice Kankya, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Ian Dohoo, Kristina Roesel and Elizabeth Anne Jessie Cook presented at the Boosting Uganda's Investment in Livestock Development (BUILD) project annual planning meeting, Kampala, Uganda, 20–22 September 2022.
AMR in Animal Origin Products A ChallengeSarzamin Khan
The AMR and its origin from the products of animal based products has been discussed. The AMR as challenge has been described and recommendation to minimize the risk of AMR
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of African Swine Fever (ASF) Affected Commu...Open Access Research Paper
The communicable African Swine Fever (ASF) has adversely crippled the country’s swine industry in the last few years and subsequently hampered the growth of the agriculture sector. This study utilized the descriptive research design. The study was conducted at the three municipalities in the Ytawes district of Piat, Sto. Nino and Tuao from May-June 2022. Results of the study show that women were more predominantly engaged in pig farming than male aside from their roles as a mother. Also, raisers prefer to bury the infected animals without reporting them to authorities is alarming due to the possible spreading of the diseases and authorities hardly contained it. Raisers must be encouraged to disinfect the production area before re-stocking to avoid possible problems. The farmers should practice not allowing people in and out of the production area because they might be the carrier of such diseases since most of the farm owners do not have bio-security measures. There should be close coordination with the Municipal Agriculturist Office to seek the opinion of veterinarians/technicians for the possible solutions to such problems. Since the majority of the respondents considered pig farming as one of their sources of income. Attending training’s/seminars could help the pig raisers to gain more knowledge on the proper handling of such diseases as ASF.
Similar to Poultry Vaccines and Vaccination Practices among Farmers in Wukari, Taraba State Nigeria (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD43695 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2021 Page 1632
rearing exotic breed) tap these benefits and convert them to
gain irrespective of their level of production.
Despite excellent contribution and benefit of poultry
farming to the livelihood of farmers, there exist some
constraints that subvert optimum performance. Generally
risk and uncertainty are major constraints affecting poultry
production. Diseases and infections are major contributors
of risk and uncertainty. In Nigeria, poultry diseases remain
the greatest threat to the poultry industry and are
responsible for very large economic loss to the farmers.
Modern poultry farming has resulted in the development of
high density poultry areas with increased risk of disease
spread [3].
Diseases are ubiquitous, and wherethereareconcentrations
of commercial poultry their effects can be devastating. The
primary strategy for controlling disease shouldbemeasures
to prevent the disease from entering the premises.
Prevention efforts must focus on new managementsystems,
products and practices that help block entry of infectious
disease and that improve the innateorinherentresistance of
the bird. Vaccines can be the next line of defense when the
diseases occasionally breach the premises due to failures in
biosecurity. The effects of thediseasecan beminimizedif the
birds have immunity because of prior vaccination [6].
According to Butcher and Yegani [6], a well-designed
vaccination program will not be effective if the vaccine is
damaged by improper handling prior toadministration.Live
vaccines can be inactivated when exposed to adverse
conditions. Store and handle vaccines as recommended by
the manufacturer. Once a vaccine is reconstituted, the "time
clock is ticking" for it to be used. Certain live vaccines, such
as for Marek's Disease Vaccine, are extremely fragile and
failure to follow the manufacturer's recommended handling
practices will result in the inactivation of the virus prior to
administration [7]. Infectious bronchitis virus vaccine is
reported to lose approximately 50% of its potency in warm
conditions less than one hour after reconstitution.
In WukariLocal Government, poultry production output is
higher at the period festivity: duringthese periodstherateof
poultry diseases tends to be higher also, especially during
dry harmattan period of christmas. There are often cases of
preventable poultry diseases at peak production period. It
became necessary to find out whether or not these poultry
were vaccinated, and make recommendation where
necessary. The aim of this research is to investigate poultry
vaccines and vaccination practicesamongfarmersinWukari
Local Government area of Taraba State.
2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2.1. Study Area
The study was conducted in Wukari Local GovernmentArea.
It is located between latitude 7˚51'N to 7˚85'N andlongitude
9˚46'E to 9˚78'E of the Greenwich meridian. Wukari Local
Government area is situated in the southern part of Taraba
State. It is about two hundred kilometers away from Jalingo
the state capital. The Local Government is bounded by
Plateau State in the North, Benue State in the Southwest,
Northeast by Karim Lamido, Bali, and Takum Local
Government Area [8].
2.2. Sample Population
The sample population of this research comprises of
commercial and local poultry farmers within Wukari Local
Government Area.
2.3. Sample Size
A total of 45 farmers were sampled using structured
questionnaires which were administered to poultryfarmers
by convenience samplinginsixwards(Avyi,Bantaje,Chonkc,
Hospital, Jibu and Puje) within Wukari.
2.4. Data Analysis
Data gathered from this research was subjected to
descriptive analysis.Theassociationbetweenthecategorical
variables were analyzed using chi-square and values of
P<0.05 where considered significant. The tool for statistical
analysis was Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS)
model 16.0.
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION,
3.1. Result
Table 1 Demographical Analysis of Poultry Farmers in
Wukari Local Area
Item Frequency (%)
Location of farmers
Avyi 8 (17.8)
Bantaje 3 (6.7)
Chonku 3 (6.7)
Hospital 8 (17.8)
Jibu 6 (13.3)
Puje 13 (37.8)
Gender
Male 26 (67.8)
Female 19 (42.2)
Ages (years)
19-29 12( 26.7)
30-39 18 (40.0)
40 and above 15 (33.3)
Profession
Civil servant 18 (40.0)
Business men 22 (48.9)
Student 5 (11.1)
Educational background
Informal 1 (2.2)
Primary 5 (11.1)
Secondary 8 (17.8)
Tertiary 31 (68.0)
Table 2 Association of use of vaccines and purpose of keeping birds among Farmers in Wukari Local Government
area
Used of vaccines(n=45) purpose of keeping birds (n=45) chi-square p-value
Mareks Vaccines Commercial/ (%) Domestic/(% )
Yes 6 (16.2) 2 (25.0) 1.485 0.302 F
No 31 (83.3) 6 (75.0)
Intraocular NDV
Yes 26 (70.0) 1 (12.5) 9.147 0.004* F
No 11 (29.7) 7 (87.5)
Lasota NDV
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD43695 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2021 Page 1633
Yes 20 (54.1) 4 (50.0) 0.043 0.295 F
No 17 (45.9) 4 (50.0)
Komorov NDV
Yes 10 (27.0) 2 (25.0) 0.014 0.399F
No 27 (73.0) 6 (75.0)
Gumboro Disease Vaccines
Yes 24 (64.9) 4 (50.0) 0.618 0.226F
No 13 (35.2) 4 (50.0)
Fowl cholera vaccines
Yes 9 (24.3) 3 (37.5) 0.584 0.242 F
No 28 (75.7) 5 (62.5).
Fowl Typhoid Vaccines
Yes 9 (24.3) 3 (37.5) 0.584 0.242 F
No 28 (75.7) 5 (62.5)
Fowl pox Vaccines
Yes 24 (64.9) 3 (37.5) 2.052 0.116F
No 13 (35.1) 5 (62.5)
Coccidiosis Vaccines
Yes 17 (45.9) 1 (12.5) 3.066 0.074 F
No 20 (54.1) 7 (87.5)
Egg DropSyndrome Vaccine
Yes 4 (10.8) 1 (12.5) 0.019 0.432 F
No 33 (89.2) 7 (87.5)
Key
F= Fisher’s exact test
*= significant difference
**= highly significant
Table 3 Association of Use of Poultry Vaccines and Diseases Outbreak among Poultry Farmers in Wukari
Used of Vaccines(n=45) Diseases Oubtbreak/ (n=45) Chi-square p-values
Marek’s Yes / (%) No/ (%)
Yes 2 (25.0) 6 (75.0) 5.256 0.077 F
No 36 (92.3) 1 (2.7)
Newcastle intraocular
Yes 20 (74.1) 7 (25.9) 2.732 0.098
No 9 (50.0) 9 (50.0)
Newcatlelasota
Yes 17 (70.8) 7 (29.2) 0.916 0.157 F
No 9 (42.9) 12 (57.1)
Newcastle komorov
Yes 10 (83.3) 2 (16.7) 2.548 0 .084 F
No 14 (42.4) 19 (57.6)
Gumboro
Yes 15 (53.6) 0 (0) 13.661 0 .000* * F
No 13 (46.4) 17 (100)
Fowl-cholera
Yes 8 (66.7) 4 (33.3) 0.818 0 .186 F
No 16 (48.3) 17 (51.5)
Fowl Typhoid
Yes 10 (83.3) 2 (16.7) 16.302 0 .000** F
No 6 (18.2) 27 (81.8)
Fowl pox
Yes 21(77.8) 6 (22.2) 8.889 0 .003*
No 12 (66.70) 6 (33.3)
Coccidiosis
Yes 14 (77.8) 4 (22.2) 8.358 0.003* F
No 9 (33.3) 18 (66.7)
Egg drop syndrome
yes 2 (40) 3 (60) 14.792 0 .002* F
No 40 (100) 0 (0)
Key
F= Fisher’s exact test
*= significant difference
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**= highly significant
Table 4 Association between Vaccination Failures and how Vaccines are administered among Poultry Farmers in
Wukari
Vaccines(n=45) How vaccines are administered Vaccination failure chi-square p-value
Marek’s vaccines Yes / (%) No/(%)
Self admin 3 (12.0) 0 (0) 4.325 0.025* F
Vet admin 4 (16.0) 1 (5.0)
Not sure 18 (72.0) 19 (95.0)
Newcastle intraocular
Self admin 14(56.0) 5 (5.0) 22.858 0.000** F
Vet admin 9 (36.0) 4 (20.0)
Not sure 2 (8.0) 15 (75.0)
Newcastle lasota
Self admin 14(56.0) 2 (10) 16.577 0.000** F
Vet admin 5 (20.0) 1 (5.0)
Not sure 6 (24.0) 17 (85.0)
Newcastle komorov
Self admin 10 (40) 0 (0) 11.647 0 .000** F
Vet admin 1 (4) 0 (0)
Not sure 14 (56.0) 20 (100)
Gumboro
Self admin 17 (69.0) 2 (10) 27.641 0.000** F
Vet admin 7 (28.0) 2 (10)
Not sure 1 (4.0) 16 (80)
Fowl-cholera
Self admin 9 (36.0) 0 (0) 9.026 0.000** F
Vet admin 1 (5.0) 1 (4.0)
Not sure 15 (60.0) 19 (95.0)
Fowl- Typhoid
Self admin 8 (32.0) 0 (0) 9.317 0.001** F
Vet admin 3 (12.0) 1 (5.0)
Not sure 14 (56.0) 19 (95.0)
Fowl-pox
Self admin 14 (56.0) 0 (0) 28.106 0.000** F
Vet admin 8 (32.0) 2 (10.0)
Not sure 3 (12.0) 18 (90.0)
Coccidiosis
Self admin 8 (32.0) 0 (0) 9.028 0.001* F
Vet admin 4 (16.0) 2 (10.0)
Not sure 13 (52.0) 18 (90.0)
Egg Drop syndrome
Self admin 3 (12.0) 0 (0) 4.500 0.001* F
Vet admin 2 (8.0) 0 (0)
Not sure 20 (80.0) 20 (100)
Key
F= fisher’s exact test
*= significant difference
**= highly significant
Table 5 Association between use of Vaccines and Record of Vaccination among Poultry Farmers in Wukari
Used of Vaccines( n=45) Vaccination record chi-square p-values
Marek’s vaccines Yes (%) No (%)
Yes 5 (62.5) 3 (37.5) 1.640 0.200 F
No 14 (37.8) 23 (62.2)
Newcastle intraoculars
Yes 16 (59.3) 11 (40.7) 8.031 0 .005* F
No 3 (16.7) 15 (83.3)
Newcastle Lasota
Yes 15 (62.5) 9 (37.5) 8.668 0.003* F
No 4 (19.0) 17 (81.0)
Newcastle komorov
Yes 9 (75.0) 3 (25.0) 7.207 0.007* F
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@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD43695 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2021 Page 1635
No 10 (30.3) 23 (69.7)
Gumboro
Yes 2 (11.8) 11 (39.3) 10.389 0.001* F
No 17 (60.7) 15(89.2)
Fowl-cholera
Yes 8 (66.7) 4 (33.3) 4.207 0.045* F
No 11 (33.3) 22 (66.7)
Fowl-Typhoid
Yes 9 (75.0) 3 (25.0) 7.207 0.007* F
No 10 (30.3) 23 (66.7)
Fowl pox
Yes 16 (59.3) 11 (40.7) 8.031 0.005* F
No 3 (16.7) 15 (83.3)
Coccidiosis
Yes 11 (61.1) 7 (38.9) 4.388 0 .036* F
No 8 (29.6) 19 (70.4)
Egg drop syndrome
Yes 4 (80.0) 1 (20.0) 3.291 0 .070 F
No 15 (37.5) 25 (62.5)
F= fisher’s exact test
*= significant difference
**= highly significant
Table 6 Association between how Vaccines are kept and Vaccination Failure among Poultry Farmers in Wukari
How Vaccines are kept (n=45) Vaccination failure chi-square p-val
Yes/(%) No /(%)
Refrigerated 14 (89.5) 2 (10.5) 15.485 .000* F
No refrigerated 3 (100) 0 (0)
I don’t kept 8 (30.8) 18 (69.2)
Key
F= Fisher’s exact test
*= significant difference
**= highly significant
4. Discussion
The demographic characteristics of poultry farmers in the
study area showed that 57.8% of the respondents were
males and 42.2% females. This is in agreement with Adisa
and Akinwunmi [9] who found out that The findings show
that most of the farmers were the youthful, 18-20 years
(53.3%). This agree with the findings of Akintunde and
Adeoti, [10] which reported that the age population of
poultry framers were at their youthful age(thatmostpoultry
farmers requires rigorouseffortwhichsuitetheyouths.Most
of the people engaged in poultry farming (68.9%) were at
tertiary level of education.
The association between use of Intraocular Newcastle
Disease Vaccine and purpose of keeping birds was
statistically significant (p<0. 05). The low vaccinationrate of
domestically kept birds in comparison to commercially
raised birds using IntraocularNewcastleDiseaseVaccine isa
basis for Newcastle disease being endemic in the study area
[11,12].
The association between diseaseoutbreak anduseofvaccine
reveals significance difference at (p<0.05) in the use of
Gumboro Vaccine, Fowltyphoid Vaccine, Fowlpox Vaccine
and Coccidiosis Vaccines and Egg Drop Syndromewithinthe
study area. From the findings in this study it is seen that
there was still reported outbreak of some poultry diseases
even though they were vaccinated against [13,14,15,16,17].
This can be attributed to vaccine failure or poor quality
vaccines used in the control of these poultry diseases within
the study area [18,19,20]. The finding ofthisresearchagrees
with the work of Akintunde and Adeoti, [10]which reported
that disease outbreak constitute major constraint to poultry
production in Nigeria.
From the outcome of this studies it can be inferred that the
common cause of vaccine failure is vaccines handling and
mode of administration of the vaccines. This finding agrees
with the study done by Bosha J.A, and Nongo N.N [21],which
reported a recurrent phenomenon in the tropics were
prevalent breaches in the recommendedpracticesofvaccine
handling and administration such as purchase, packaging of
sub vial fragments, improper preservation:lack ofcoldchain
maintenance during transportation and storage, improper
management of stress before, during and after vaccination
and general lack of adherencetomanufacturer’sinstructions
are found [22,23]. In addition, Butcher and Yegani [24]
reported that vaccines handling, administration and
management practices are among reasons for vaccination
failures.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion Newcastle disease vaccines are mostly used
poultry vaccine in Wukari. Vaccines administration,
vaccination record and vaccine storage are among practices
that limit vaccine profitability to poultry farmers inWukari
Local Government Area. There is need for public awareness
on proper vaccination programs also further research is
required on vaccination and immunity monitoring for
vaccine effectiveness.