The document discusses normal reactions and psychological disturbances related to conception, pregnancy, and the postpartum period. It defines key terms and outlines normal psychological adaptations during pregnancy and postpartum. Common issues like postpartum blues, depression, and psychosis are explained, including causes, symptoms, treatment and prevention. Light therapy is discussed as a treatment option for antepartum depression. The importance of early screening and intervention is emphasized to improve outcomes and prevent issues from persisting.
The basic about the principles of psychiatric nursing , what all are the basic we have to follow while providing care to the psychiatric patients in hospital and in the community area
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment for certain mental illnesses. During this therapy, electrical currents are sent through the brain to induce a seizure.
The procedure has been shown to help people with clinical depression. It’s most often used to treat people who don’t respond to medication.
Postpartum Psychosis What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment | Solh Wellness.pdfSolh Wellness
Solh Wellness explains about postpartum psychosis, a rare but serious condition that affects new mothers. Learn about symptoms, causes, and treatment options.
The basic about the principles of psychiatric nursing , what all are the basic we have to follow while providing care to the psychiatric patients in hospital and in the community area
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment for certain mental illnesses. During this therapy, electrical currents are sent through the brain to induce a seizure.
The procedure has been shown to help people with clinical depression. It’s most often used to treat people who don’t respond to medication.
Postpartum Psychosis What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment | Solh Wellness.pdfSolh Wellness
Solh Wellness explains about postpartum psychosis, a rare but serious condition that affects new mothers. Learn about symptoms, causes, and treatment options.
39. PERINATAL MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS-LUCY KISAKA.pptxAURELIATEMBA
Elaborate the concept and prevalence of Perinatal psychiatric health disorders (PPHD)
Discuss the etiology of PPHD
Describe the common PPHD
Highlight the impact of PPHD
Highlight the management approach of PPHD
Postpartum period is a critical period in the life of a female from the biopsychosocial perspective. There are a number of psychological conditions which have their origin post pregnancy viz postpartum blues, postpartum depression, postpartum psychosis. Given their lack of awareness and relatively common presentation, it is imperative to know more about these conditions.
PPD is similar to clinical depression.it is not only prevalent among women but also in men. sufferers are not alone and they can prevent this by talk, talk and talk.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
Pregnancy and puerperium
1. NORMAL REACTIONS AND PROBLEMS
RELATED TO CONCEPTION,
PREGNANCY & PUERPERIUM AND ITS
MANAGEMENT
2. TERMINOLOGIES
Puerperium: The period of about six weeks after childbirth during which
the mother's reproductive organs return to their original nonpregnant
condition.
Ambivalence: Having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about
something or someone
Psychosis: A severe mental disorder in which thought and emotions are
so impaired that contact is lost with external reality.
3. Contd…
Trimester: A period of three months
Anticipatory: Regard as probable; expect or predict
Blues: Informal feelings of melancholy, sadness, or
depression
Exhaustion: A state of extreme physical or mental
fatigue
10. ATTAINMENT OF MATERNAL
ROLE
Maternal role attainment is the process by
which the woman learns mothering behaviors
and becomes comfortable with her identity as
a mother.
13. RISK FACTORS
Having a history of depression
Age at time of pregnancy
Living alone.
Limited social support.
Children -- the more children they have, the more likely they are
to be depressed during a subsequent pregnancy.
Marital conflict
14. Contd..
Ambivalence about the pregnancy.
Relationship difficulties
Fertility treatment
Previous pregnancy loss
Problems with pregnancy
Stressful life event
Past history of abuse
15. SYMPTOMS
Sadness – hopelessness, helplessness, tearfulness, etc.
Loss of interest in daily activities
Changes in sleep patterns
Difficulty focusing or concentrating.
Sudden and/or drastic increase or decrease in weight or fatigue.
Decreased low self-esteem.
Thoughts of death in regard to self or others.
16. IMPACT OF DEPRESSION
ON PREGNANCY
Depression can interfere with a woman's ability to
care for her self during pregnancy.
Depression can put her at risk for increased use of
substances that can harm both her and developing
baby.
Depression may interfere with her ability to bond with
her growing baby.
17. HOW DOES PREGNANCY
IMPACT DEPRESSION??
The stresses of pregnancy can cause depression or
a recurrence or worsening of depression symptoms.
Depression during pregnancy can place a woman at
risk for having an episode of depression after
delivery.
19. LIGHT THERAPY
•Treatment consists of
exposure to light of a high
intensity and/or specific
spectra for an hour per day
from a light box placed on the
floor or on a table.
•The light intensity is usually
10,000 lux, which is similar to
the light of a sunny day.
20. CONTRAINDICATION
If they have current medical illness (eye disease)
If they are using psychiatric medication
Who are not able to maintain a regular sleep
schedule
Use of alcohol or drugs
21. HOW IS IT
ADMINISTERED??
Participants will be loaned a portable, lightweight light box for use at
home.
Participants reserve 60 minutes each morning when they sit at the light
box and engage in any quiet activity with eyes open.
Treatment continues daily for five weeks, during which progress is
monitored .
After the five-week trial participants will have the opportunity to
continue with treatment if it has been successful, or try an enhanced
treatment regimen if it appears that a higher light dose would be
beneficial.
22. SIDE-EFFECTS
The potential risks of light therapy are very low. If
patients receive too much light, they can become
irritable or show disturbed sleep
27. POSTPARTUM
EXHAUSTION (PPE)
PPE is caused by sleep deprivation coupled with
hormonal changes in a woman's body shortly after
giving birth.
TREATMENT
• Medical treatment is minimal. PPE can last from 1 to
20 days and responds with adequate amounts of
sleep.
29. POSTPARTUM BLUES
It is a mild, benign and transient mood change that
begins within 3 to 4 days after delivery and peaks on
4th to 5th day. It affects nearly 7 in 10 mothers.
CAUSE:
• A biological cause rather than a psychological cause
33. BABY PINKS
Some women experience baby pinks when they are
overly and illogically on top of the world (a mild to
severe form of mania).
TREATMENT:
The pinks do not require treatment.
34. POSTPARTUM
DEPRESSION
The onset of postpartum
depression is gradual, developing
after the second week. The condition
may last for 3-6 months and in some
cases, it will persist throughout the
first year of the baby’s life.
35. CAUSES
Experiencing stress-inducing life events around the time of
childbirth.
Low self-esteem and stress associated with postnatal care.
Demands of motherhood and loss of personal freedom
Formula feeding rather than breast feeding
A history of depression
Cigarette smoking
Low self esteem
Childcare stress
36. Contd..
Prenatal depression during pregnancy
Prenatal anxiety
Low social support
Poor marital relationship
Infant temperament problems/colic
Maternity blues
Single parent
Low socioeconomic status
Unplanned/unwanted pregnancy
38. Contd..
Feeling of ambivalence toward her infant
Feelings of inadequacy to care for the newborn
Constantly feeling tired in spite of adequate periods of
rest
May experience difficulty falling asleep but once asleep,
the woman will sleep for long periods.
They often feel well in the morning but deteriorate as the
day goes on.
39. EFFECTS ON PARENT-
INFANT RELATIONSHIP
TYPES OF COPING STRATEGIES:
Avoidance coping: denial, behavioral disengagement
Problem-focused coping: active coping, planning, positive
reframing
Support seeking coping: emotional support, instrumental
support
Venting coping: venting, self-blame
40. ATTACHMENT STUDY
THREE CLASSIFIED GROUPS:
Secure and joyful attachment
Secure attachment but restricted in expressed
enjoyment and pleasure
Insecure attachment
41. PREVENTION
Early identification and intervention improves long-term
prognoses for most women.
A major part of prevention is being informed about the risk
factors, and the medical community can play a key role in
identifying and treating postpartum depression.
Women should be screened by their physician to determine
their risk for acquiring postpartum depression.
Also, proper exercise and nutrition appears to play a role in
preventing postpartum, and general, depression.
42. MANAGEMENT
Medical evaluation to rule out physiological problems
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Medication (Antidepressant)
Support groups
Home visits/Home visitors
Healthy diet
Consistent/healthy sleep patterns
44. PUERPERAL PSYCHOSIS
The onset of puerperal psychosis is usually rapid
occurring within 4 days of delivery and rarely beyond
the first 2-3 weeks.
INCIDENCE
Less than 1/1,000 deliveries
More common in first time mothers.
45. CAUSES
Studies suggest that postpartum psychosis has
a genetic or biological cause and is more common in
women diagnosed with bipolar disorder or with a
family history of mood disorders. Women with a prior
diagnosis of an affective disorder have a 20% to 25%
chance of a postpartum psychosis.
46. RISK FACTORS
Having a first baby
An unwanted pregnancy
Environmental stressors during the third trimester or early postpartum
period
Giving birth by cesarean section
An unstable or absent marital relationship
Lack of social supports.
Women who have a complicated delivery or a premature, abnormal, or sick
child are at higher risk
47. Contd..
May experience delusions or hallucinations and become
detached from the reality of the situation.
May state that her baby is abnormal, believe it to be
possessed and may avoid the baby.
There may be periods of normal behavior and at other
times, she may appear depressed.
May experience suicidal impulses or desires to harm her
baby.
48. TREATMENT
Because of extreme nature of illness, medical help is required as a
matter of emergency.
The woman must be kept under constant observation until
appropriate psychiatric help is obtained.
Heavy sedation is given at the time of onset.
Early treatment with anti-psychotic drugs.
Admission to a psychiatric unit and treatment with lithium and/or
electroconvulsive therapy is given.
Psychosis may persist for 8 – 10 weeks even with prompt
treatment especially when the woman has a pre-existing history of
schizophrenia or manic-depressive illness
49. PROGNOSIS
While complete recovery is often achieved, it is
possible that further episodes of illness will occur
throughout the woman’s life and there is an
increased risk of recurrence in subsequent
pregnancies.
51. NURSING DIAGNOSIS
1. Hopelessness related to depressive thoughts.
2. Social isolation related to lack of interest or energy to interact with others.
3. Ineffective family coping: compromised related to impact of symptoms of
depression in one member.
4. Sleep pattern disturbance related to insomnia.
5. Self-care deficit related to lack of motivation and poor concentration.
6. Risk for injury related to hopelessness an impaired problem solving.
52. EDINBURGH POSTNATAL
DEPRESSION SCALE
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. The mother is asked to check the response that comes closest
to how she has been feeling in the previous 7 days.
2. All the items must be completed.
3. Care should be taken to avoid the possibility of the mother
discussing her answers with others. (Answers come from the
mother or pregnant woman.)
4. The mother should complete the scale herself, unless she has
limited English or has difficulty with reading.
53. BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Burroughs. “Maternity Nursing, An Introductory Text”. 7th Edition.
Saunders Publication.
2. D. C. Dutta. “Textbook of Obstetrics”. 6th Edition. Central Publications.
3. Gail. W. Stuart. “Principles and Practice of Psychiatric Nursing”. 8th
Edition. Elsevier Publication.
4. Mary C. Townsend. “Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing”. 5th Edition. F. A.
Davis Publication.
5. Sandra Mettina. “Manual of Nursing Practice”. 8th Edition. Lippincott
Publication.
