The document summarizes key aspects of the posterior pituitary gland and thyroid gland: - The posterior pituitary releases two hormones, vasopressin and oxytocin, which are synthesized in the hypothalamus. Vasopressin regulates water balance in the kidneys. - The thyroid gland produces the hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) which regulate metabolism. Thyroxine is converted to the more active T3 within cells. - Hyperthyroidism is characterized by an abnormally high basal metabolic rate, enlargement of the thyroid gland, and eye signs like bulging eyes. It can be caused by Graves' disease.

1. Posterior pituitary د . بثينة عباس