The document discusses several population theories: 1. Thomas Malthus believed population grows geometrically while food production grows arithmetically, leading to famine, disease, and war. He advocated preventative checks like delayed marriage. 2. The Club of Rome warned that at current growth rates, limits to population and industry will be reached by 2100 due to resource depletion and pollution. 3. Esther Boserup argued that population growth enables agricultural innovation and higher productivity through techniques like irrigation. 4. Julian Simon believed human ingenuity allows resources to be substituted and supplies increased, so there are no real limits to growth. The ultimate resource is human creativity.

1. Population theories Malthus, Boserup, The Club of Rome and Simon

5. and therefore he said…. War, famine, disease.

9. 'J' Curve - Population Crash Model

25. Copper as an example