Malthus predicted that population growth would eventually outpace food supply, leading to widespread famine and poverty. He believed population grew geometrically while food production increased arithmetically. While some evidence supports Malthus, critics argue he underestimated human innovation in developing new technologies, opening new lands, and increasing yields. Boserup took an opposing view, believing population growth triggers agricultural innovations to increase food supply. Evidence supports both theories to some extent, though neither perfectly predicts outcomes. Overall, overpopulation remains a concern if resources are depleted and innovations do not match population growth.
Population theories of malthus and boserupalexludwick95
This is a short slide of the history of the philosophers; more commonly known as Malthus and Esther Boserup, and their proposed theories on Population.
Population theories of malthus and boserupalexludwick95
This is a short slide of the history of the philosophers; more commonly known as Malthus and Esther Boserup, and their proposed theories on Population.
History of Economic Thought - Thomas Malthus.
Thomas Robert Malthus and The Population Trap
A powerpoint for Chapter 6 of Evolution of Economic Thought by Stanley Brue and Randey Grant
Theories of Population: 1. The Malthusian Theory of Population 2. The Optimum...Vaibhav verma
The following points highlight the top three theories of population. The theories are:
1. The Malthusian Theory of Population
2. The Optimum Theory of Population
3. The Theory of Demographic Transition.
History of Economic Thought - Thomas Malthus.
Thomas Robert Malthus and The Population Trap
A powerpoint for Chapter 6 of Evolution of Economic Thought by Stanley Brue and Randey Grant
Theories of Population: 1. The Malthusian Theory of Population 2. The Optimum...Vaibhav verma
The following points highlight the top three theories of population. The theories are:
1. The Malthusian Theory of Population
2. The Optimum Theory of Population
3. The Theory of Demographic Transition.
Population : The word population has been derived from the Latin word “populatio” which means people.
The group of individual species which occupy a definite geographic area is defined as population.
Population Growth : The change in population per unit area at particular time is called population Growth.
This is the 10th lesson of the course 'Poverty and Environment ' taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
This is a powerpoint showing Malthusian theory of population and the Demographic Transition Model
This video adds a lot to the lesson as a whole
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QAkW_i0bDpQ&feature=em-subs_digest
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
3. Pessimistic Approaches
• Thomas Malthus (1776-1834)
• Wrote “An essay on the Principle
of Population” in 1798 which
described a forthcoming
population catastrophe
• World population was then nine million
• World population has now grown to close to
SEVEN billion
4. Malthus’ core principles
• Food is essential for life
• Population increases faster than food supply
• Therefore Malthus predicted that population
would grow until it reached the limit of food
supply, then there would be widespread
poverty and famine.
5. Malthus recognized that:
Population, if left unchecked, will grow
geometrically:
1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32
Whereas food supply increases arithmetically as
the amount of land is finite:
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
6. And therefore he said …
… there would be a Malthusian catastrophe:
At the point where
Food supply
Population
population reaches
its limit of food
supply there will be
war, famine and
disease.
Time
7. Malthusian Checks
• Malthus stated that once population reached
this point, checks would come into play to
readdress the balance between population
and resources:
1. positive checks – increased levels of
misery (war, famine and disease)
2. preventative checks – celibacy, later
marriage etc
8. Was Malthus right?
• Evidence to support Malthus:
– There has been a population explosion
– Repeated wars & famines in Sahel region of Africa
suggest population growth has outstripped food
supply
– FAO says that more than 800m people are
chronically malnourished
– UN say that by 2050 4.2billion people will be living
in areas that cannot provide enough water for
basic needs.
10. But …
• Critics say that Malthus did not allow for:
– the development of new technology
– The opening of new land for cultivation (mainly in the
LEDW – Less Developed World)
– The development of irrigation systems which have
allowed for increased yields
– The Green Revolution – widespread introduction of
high-yield crop varieties, pesticides, fertilizers etc
– The slow down in population growth as countries
develop economically and progress to the latter stages
of the DTM - Demographic Transition Model.
11. Neo-Malthusians
• Neo = new
• Accelerated population growth in LEDCs since
the 1950s renewed Malthusian fears
• 1972, The Club of Rome published “Limits to
Growth Model”
12. Club of Rome – basic conclusion
• If present growth trends continue, and if
associated industrialization, pollution, food
production and resource depletion continue
unchanged, the limits to growth on this planet
will be reached some time in the next one
hundred years.
• The most probable result being a sudden &
uncontrollable decline in population and
industrial capacity.
13. Is the Club of Rome right?
• Don’t panic yet!
• Doesn’t take into account the ability of
humans to respond to situations and innovate
• Human responses have changed e.g.
alternative energy, HYV – High Yield Variety
seeds sent to Africa
14. A more optimistic approach
• Ester Boserup (1910-1999)
• Wrote “The Conditions of
Agricultural Growth” in 1965
• Opposite to Malthus
• People have resources of knowledge and
technology to increase food supply as
necessary
15. Boserup’s main points
• Environments have limits that restrict
population
• But these limits can be changed using
technologies
• Population growth is the trigger for innovation
to allow food supply to increase
• e.g. irrigation, weeding, crop
intensification, better seed
quality, tools, techniques etc
16. Was Boserup right?
• Evidence which supports Boserup:
– Increasing intensity (agricultural intensification) of shifting
cultivation
– Move from ‘slash and burn’ practices to using
irrigation, fertilization, field prep, & weed control in rural
areas with higher population densities
– The Green Revolution – widespread introduction of high-
yielding varieties, pesticides etc
– Hugely increased yields allowed more people to be fed
– GMOs – Genetically Modified Organisms
17. Was Boserup right?
• Boserup admits that overpopulation can lead
to unsuitable farming practices which may
degrade the land
• E.g. population pressure as one of the reasons
for desertification in the Sahel region
20. Why Might Overpopulation be a
Concern?
•Declining birth rates
-Reasons for declining birth rates
•Reliance on economic development
•Distribution of contraceptives
-Reducing birth rates with contraception
22. World health threats
The epidemiologic transition
Stage 1: Pestilence and famine
The Black Plague
Pandemics
23. •World health threats
-The epidemiologic transition
•Stage 2: Receding
pandemics
-Cholera and
Dr. John Snow
24. World health threats
The epidemiologic transition
Stage 3: Degenerative diseases
Most significant: Heart disease and cancer
Stage 4: Delayed degenerative diseases
Medical advances prolong life
25. •World health threats
-The epidemiologic transition
•A possible stage 5: Reemergence of infectious
diseases?
-Three reasons why it might be happening:
•Evolution
•Poverty
•Improved travel