Political Parties

1. NAME= ADITYA GAIKWAD
CLASS= 10TH A
ROLL NO.=03
SUBJECT= SOCIAL SCIENCE
SCHOOL= PODAR SCHOOL JALNA

2. POLITICAL FLAGS

3. POLITICAL PARTIES
A group of people holding similar
opinion on policies and programmes ,
 who come together to contest elections
and hold power in the Govt. is known
as a political party.

4. THREE COMPONENT OF POLITICAL
PARTY
A) THE LEADERS.
B) THE ACTIVE MEMBERS.
C) THE FOLLOWERS.

5. FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIES
 TO CONTEST ELECTIONS
 FORMING POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES
 MAKING LAWS
 TO FORM AND RUN GOVTS.

6. TO CONTEST ELECTIONS

7. MAKING LAWS

8. FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIES
 ROLE OF THE OPPOSITION.
 TO SHAPE PUBLIC OPINION.
 ACCESS TO GOVT. MACHINERY AND
WELFARE SCHEMES.

9. WHY DO WE NEED POLITICAL
PARITES?
 Most visible institutions in a democracy.
 Help in forming the govt.
 For most ordinary citizens,
 Democracy is equal to political parties.

11. HOW MANY PARTIES SHOULD WE
HAVE?
 In a democracy any group of citizens is free
to form a political party.
 750 parties are registered with the Election
Commission of India.
 But not all these parties are serious
contenders in the elections.

12. HOW MANY MAJOR OR EFFECTIVE
PARTIES ARE GOOD FOR A
DEMOCRACY?
One-party system
Two-party system
Multi-party system

13. ONE PARTY SYSTEM
 In China, only the Communist Party is
allowed to rule.
 We cannot consider one party system as a
good option because this is not a democratic
option.
 China and Cuba are example of one-party
system.

14. TWO PARTY SYSTEM
 In some countries, power usually changes
between two main parties.
 But only the two main parties have a serious
chance of winning majority of seats to form
government.
 The United States of America and the
United Kingdom are examples of two-party
system.

15. MULTI-PARTY SYSTEM
 In this system, the government is formed by
various parties coming together in a
coalition.
 For example, in India there were three such
major alliances in 2004 parliamentary
elections– the National Democratic
Alliance, the United Progressive Alliance
and the Left Front.

16. NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIES
A party that secures at least six per cent
of total votes in Lok Sabha elections or
Assembly elections in four States and
wins at least four seats in the Lok
Sabha is recognised as a national party.

17. NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIES
Every party in the country has to
register with the Election Commission.
These parties are given a unique
symbol – only the official candidates of
that party can use that election symbol.

18. PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL
POLITICAL PARTIES
CPI – A B BARDHAN
CPI-M – PRAKASH KARAT
INC- SONIA GANDHI
BJP- NITIN GADKARI
BSP- MAYAWATI
NCP- SARAD PAWAR

19. SYMBOLS

20. INDIAN NATIONAL
CONGRESS
 Established in 1885.
 It ruled continuously from 1947-1977, 1980-
1989, 2004- till date.
 Its ideological orientation, the party
espouses secularism and welfare of weaker
sections and minorities.
 Currently leads the ruling United
Progressive Alliance coalition government at
the Centre.

21. BHARTIYA JANTA PARTY
 Wants to build a strong and modern India
by drawing inspiration from India’s ancient
culture and values.
 Cultural nationalism (or ‘Hindutva’) is an
important element in its conception of
Indian nationhood and politics.
 Full territorial and political integration of
Jammu and Kashmir with India.
 A uniform civil code for all people.

22. BHARTIYA JANTA PARTY
 Came to power in 1998 as the leader of the
National Democratic Alliance including
several state and regional parties.
 Lost elections in 2004 and is the principal
opposition party in the Lok Sabha.

23. BAHUJAN SAMAJVADI PARTY
 Founder Kanshi Ram.
 Seeks to represent and secure power for the
bahujan samaj which includes the dalits,
adivasis, OBCs and religious minorities.
 Draws inspiration from the ideas and
teachings of Sahu Maharaj, Mahatma Phule,
Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb
Ambedkar.

24. BAHUJAN SAMAJVADI PARTY
Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,
Uttarakhand, Delhi and Punjab.
In the Lok Sabha elections held in
2004, it polled about 5 per cent votes
and secured 19 seats in the Lok Sabha.

25. COMMUNIST PARTY OF INDIA –
MARXIST =1964
 Believes in Marxism- Leninism.
 Supports socialism, secularism and
democracy and opposes imperialism and
communalism.
 Enjoys strong support in West Bengal,
Kerala and Tripura , among the poor, factory
workers, farmers, agricultural labourers and
the intelligentsia

26. NATIONALIST CONGRESS
PARTY -
 Formed in 1999 following a split in the
Congress party.
 Espouses democracy, Gandhian secularism,
equity, social justice and federalism.
 A major party in Maharashtra and has a
significant presence in Meghalaya, Manipur
and Assam.

27. STATE POLITICAL PARTY
A party that secures at least 6 per
cent of the total votes in an election
to the Legislative Assembly of a
State and wins at least two seats is
recognised as a State party.

28. STATE PARTIES
 Other than these six parties, most of the
major parties of the country are classified by
the Election Commission as ‘State parties’.
 Parties like the Samajwadi Party, Samata
Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national
level political organisation with units in
several states.

30. CHALLENGES TO POLITICAL
PARTIES
 The first challenge is lack of internal
democracy within parties.
 Parties do not keep membership registers,
do not hold organizational meetings, and do
not conduct internal elections regularly.
 The second challenge of dynastic succession
is related to the first one.

31.  Since most political parties do not practice
open and transparent procedures for their
functioning, there are very few ways for an
ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party.
 They tend to use short-cuts to win elections.
 Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties.
 The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties

32. The third challenge is about the growing
role of money and muscle power in
parties

33. The fourth challenge is that very often
parties do not seem to offer a
meaningful choice to the voters.
In order to offer meaningful choice,
parties must be significantly different.
In recent years there has been a decline
in the ideological differences among
parties

34. How can parties be reformed?

35. Besides these, many suggestions are
often made to reform political parties:
 Political parties should maintain register of their
members, to follow its own constitution, to have an
independent authority, to act as a judge in case of
party disputes.
 About one-third seats to be given to women
candidates.
 There should be state funding of elections.
 The government should give parties money to support
their election expenses.

36. There are two other ways in which
political parties can be reformed.
(1) People can put pressure on political
parties.
 This can be done through petitions,
publicity and agitations.
(2) Political parties can improve if those who
want this join political parties.