This document discusses different political ideologies including liberalism, conservatism, socialism, social democracy, communism, fascism, and feminism. It provides definitions and key beliefs for each ideology. Liberalism promotes individual welfare, freedom, and peaceful political change. Conservatism seeks to preserve traditions and gives greater attention to social groups than individuals. Socialism advocates for government ownership of production and services to achieve social equality and stability.

1. PHILIPPINE POLITICS
and
GOVERNANCE
Prof. Neilson A. Silva
ASIATECH College

2. POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES
Antoine Destrutt de Tracy
• Coined the term Ideology as the “science of
ideas”.
• Ideology becomes a political weapon to
condemn or criticize opposing arrays of ideas
or beleif system.
• Beliefs are people’s assessment of reality
• Values are people’s ideas of right and wrong.

3. Political Ideology is:
• A political belief system
1. LIBERALISM
• Derived from the word “libere” which means
“free men”
Beliefs :
1. Need for change in social relations and
requiring governmental involvement
2. society must be free from government
interventions

4. 3. Promotes individual welfare and supporting civil rights
and accept peaceful political change
.
Set of Values and beliefs of Liberalism
1. Individualism - Supreme importance of individual
over any social group
2. Freedom
3. Reason – power of reason gives human being the
capacity to take charge of their own lives.
4. Justice – moral standard of fairness and impartiality
5. Toleration – willingness to accept views or action with
which one is in disagreement.

5. 2. CONSERVATISM ( THE RIGHT)
• Derived from the term conservation
• Seeks to preserve all that is good about the
past
• Gives greater attention to social entities than
to individuals having the inclination to oppose
any change in political environment.

6. 3. SOCIALISM
• An economic and political doctrine advocating
government ownership.
• Adheres to social equality to attain social
stability
• An instrument of labor movement

7. 4. SOCIAL DEMOCRACY
• balance between market and state
• It stresses welfare measures but not state
ownership
5. COMMUNISM
• Karl Marx
• Social and political system seeking
government ownership of the means of
production and services

8. 6. FASCISM
• Benito Mussolini
• Repressive social conditions rejecting
democracy
• Repudiates constitutionalism
• All values arise from the state and the
individual has no right
• Totalitarian omnipotent state
• Militarism and violence

9. 7. FEMINISM
• Women experienced a poor state in the
society
• Focus on the position of women in the society
• Gender equality in the political, economic and
social spheres