Political ideologies

1.  KEY WORDS
 1. ANARCHISM
 2. CONSERVATISM
 3. FACISM
 4. FEMINISM
 5. GOVERNMENT
 6. IDEOLOGY
 7. LIBERALISM
 8. MARXISM
 9. POLITICS
 10. SOCIALISM

4. Political
Ideologies

5. The political Ideology is defined “as a set of
opinions underpinned by doctrines, values, and
perceived moral truths that guide behavior
towards a specific social order”.
Political ideologies are powerful such that they
shape the structure of a society, institutions
and the ways of doing things. These ideologies
are comprised of beliefs and value systems that
give rise to political processes; they also
constitute ideas about change and its desired
future.

6. An ideology is more or less a coherent set
of ideas that direct or organize a specific
political action. It consist of belief and
value systems, a discussion of existing
power relationships, an exploration of how
political change is achieved in line with
these power relations and an illustration of
a desired future.

7. MAJOR POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES
1. ANARCHISM
2. CONSERVATISM
3. FACISM
4. FEMINISM
5. LIBERALISM
6. SOCIALISM

8.  MAJOR POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES AND THEIR KEY TENETS
 1. ANARCHISM
 Political authority in all its form, and especially in the form
of the state, is both evil and unnecessary (anarchy literally
means ‘without rule’).
 The sovereign, compulsory, and coercive authority of the
state is seen as a nothing less than legalized oppression
operating in the interests of the powerful, propertied, and
privileged.
 Anarchist prefers a stateless society. Individuals can best
manage their own affairs through voluntary agreement and
cooperation.

9.  2. CONSERVATISM
 Tradition must be conserve. These traditions include established
customs, institutions, and ways of doing things that have endured
through time.
 Conservatives believe that society is an organic whole and is a living
entity, more than being an artifact of human ingenuity. This belief is
known as organicism.
 Conservatives also believe that social position and status are only
natural. With this, hierarchy is thought to be inevitable.
 Authority must be exercised from above. Leadership is provided to
guide and support those who lack knowledge and education and those
who have little capacity to act for their own interest.
 Conservatives look at property as significant because it is the
individual’s source of security and independence from the government.

10.  3. FACISM
 Ultranationalist ideology. As such, it subscribes to the idea of a
supreme race, whose members should enjoy the natural resources. It is
by nature exclusive as it excludes nonmembers of the race.
 Manifested during Mussolini’s facist dictatorship in Italy and Hitler’s
dictatorship in Germany.
 Common values upheld are struggle, leadership, power, heroism, and
war.
 The “new man” or a hero who is motivated by duty, honor, and self-
sacrifice; and gives unrelenting obedience to the supreme leader is a
fascist ideal.
 Fascists believe in a unified national community of strength through
unity.
 As such, individual identity is not as important as that of the social
group or community.

11.  4. FEMINISM
 A diverse but its unifying theme is the desire to enhance the
social role of women.
 Society is characterized by sexual or gender equality.
 The structure of male power must be overturned, hence the
belief in gender equality.
 Its strands include liberal feminism, socialist feminism and
radical feminism.

12.  5. LIBERALISM
 Belief in individualism underscores the importance of the human individual
compared to any other group.
 Liberty of the individual must be protected. An individual has freedom when
he or she is able to act as he or she pleases.
 Reason can lead individuals to make wise judgments, which could solve
issues or differences.
 Equality implies that individuals are born equal, at least in moral terms.
 Equal rights and entitlements are at its core. It must be noted , however, that
liberals do not endorse social equality or equality of outcome,
 Tolerance is willingness of individuals to allow others to think and behave in
ways they do not approve. It is a guarantee of individual liberty.
 Authority and social relationships must also be based on agreement and
consent.

13.  6. SOCIALISM
 Belief in the community highlights the degree to which the individual
is connected with others. Identify is therefore a product of social
interaction more than innate qualities.
 Brotherhood or fraternity speaks of a shared common humanity
Socialist thus prefer cooperation rather than competition and
collectivity rather than individualism.
 Socialists look at society in terms of differences in the distribution of
income or wealth. Social class is believed to be an important social
cleavage, which divides societies. The interests of the working class and
the oppressed should be upheld. With this, eradicating economic and
social inequalities is deemed as the primary goal of socialism.
 Common ownership is also central to socialist thought. Unlike private
property, common ownership is a means to harness material resources

14. Direction: Complete the chart below to compare and contrast the different major political ideologies.

16. Direction: Complete the table below by giving and explaining your ideas on how characteristics of the different
Political Ideologies become positive or negative to every society at present.

17. Scoring Rubric

18. 10 items Multiple Choice:
1. Which one refers to a movement that advocates or demands
for women the same rights granted men, such as equal
economic and political status?
A. Anarchism B. Conservatism C. Feminism D. Liberalism
2. Which among the following is a basic element of
Conservatism?
A. Equality B. Hierarchy C. Impatience D. Individualism
3. Which one refers to a theory or system of social organization
that advocates the vesting of ownership and control of the
means of production and distribution of capital, land in the
community as a whole and everybody is equal?
A. Anarchism B. Conservatism C. Liberalism D. Socialism

19. 4. This political ideology embraces the ideas of totalitarian
democracy, holding that a genuine democracy is an absolute
dictatorship as the leader monopolizes ideological wisdom and is
alone able to articulate the true interests of the people.
A. Anarchism B. Conservatism C. Fascism D. Socialism
5. Which of the following characteristics best represents
Conservatism?
A. Focused on conserving something
B. Ensuring the safety and fairness of everyone
C. A belief in the value of social and political change to achieve
progress
D. A way of organizing a society in which a government ruled by

20. 6. Anarchism is said to be the most chaotic of all political ideologies.
Why is regarded as such?
A. Because the government was controlled by dictator
B. Because people do not care for each other thus ruining the society
C. If there is no government or state intervention, we are bound of
war and conflicts
D. None of the above
7. Which of the following statement is INCORRECT about
Conservatism?
A. It’s suspicion of change
B. It fears government power
C. It supports the society’s traditional values
D. It supports the traditional institutions of its society

21. 8. Which of the following slogans best captures the Fascism or Fascist ideology?
A “From each according to his ability; to each according to his need”
B. “Over himself, over his own mind and body, the individual is sovereign”
C. “Don’t limit a child to your own learning, for he was born in another time”
D. “Nothing outside the state; nothing against the state; everything for the state”
9. Adonis believes that it is the duty of the government to ensure that every person’s right to live, right to own
property and right to enjoy freedom within the bounds of the law. This makes Adonis an advocate of which ideology?
A. Anarchism B. Conservatism C. Feminism D. Liberalism
10. Which of the following statement is most likely associate with Socialist political ideology?
A. Military intervention is more effective than diplomacy
B. A free-market economy is the solution for economic struggles
C. Healthcare will be provided to all citizens by the government regardless of their income
D. Public education is no longer be operated by the government but by private education companies

22. Assignment: ( On a 1/2 sheet of paper)
Ask 2 politician in your locality, what is their
idea about the Political Ideologies that best fit
in our country and Why?

23. Goodbye class!