The document defines ideology as a set of beliefs and ideas that shape how individuals and groups view and interact with the world. It discusses political ideology specifically, defining it as a set of related beliefs about political theory and policy held by individuals, groups, or social classes. Political ideologies form the basis for how people view the world and the proper role of government. They aim to explain problems, provide visions for the future, and explain how to enact political change.

1. POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES
Learning Objectives:
•Define ideology and political ideologies
•Identify the different characteristics of ideology

2. Ideology
•It refers to a set of belief and ideas that shape an
individual’s or a group’s views, action, and
interactions with the world.

3. Ideology
•a systematic body of concepts especially
about human life or culture
• a manner or the content of thinking
characteristic of an individual, group, or
culture

4. Ideology
•the integrated assertions, theories and aims
that constitute a socio-political program
•is a more or less coherent set of ideas that
provides the basis for organized political
action, whether this is intended to preserve,
modify or overthrow the existing system of
power.

5. Political ideology
•is a set of related beliefs about political theory and policy held
by an individual, group of individuals or a particular social
class
•political ideologies form the basis of how they view the world
around them and the proper role of government in the world.

6. Political ideology
•(a)offer an account of the existing order, usually in the form
of a ‘world-view’, (b) advance a model of a desired future, a
vision of the ‘good society’, and (c) explain how political
change can and should be brought about- how to get from
A to B. (Heywood 2003, 12)

7. Political ideology
•Is a set of beliefs and ideas that define political activities,
policies, and events.
•It outlines the role of government and the economy in
society.
•It proposes the ideas regarding the most effective
government.
•Became the basis for the values, principles, and ideas to
which the state subscribes to define its laws, programs, and
political activities.

8. Political ideology
• According to the International Encyclopedia of the Social
and Behavioral Sciences (2001), a political ideology is a
set of ideas, beliefs, values, and opinions, exhibiting a
recurring pattern, that competes deliberately as well as
unintentionally over providing plans of action for public
policy making.

9. Political ideologies
•Political ideologies may more or less provide
basis for coherent ideas for organized political
action whether these ideas intend to preserve,
modify or overthrow an existing government or
power structure.

10. Characteristics of Ideologies
Ideologies provide an explanation for problems
that confronts modern societies by providing
futuristic visions.
Ideology is action-oriented.
Ideologies mobilize a large number of people.

11. “One-sentence summary”
Summarize the definition of ideology and
political ideologies by doing “one-sentence
summary.
RUBRIC:

12. APPLICATIONS
1. Compare the ideologies of yor mother and father.
2. Given such experience from your parents, who among them are you
in favor? Why?

13. Generalizations
Activity: DYAD
• “To be clear: ideology is a belief system with an
inadequate basis in reality; religion is a belief system
with no basis, in reality, whatever.” – Martin Amis.
•

14. POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES
Learning Objectives:
Identify the different political ideologies and
its functions.
Differentiate the political ideologies

15. REVIEW ACTIVITY
•ACROSTIC
Direction: Let the students give
characteristics of ideology based from
the letters of the word I-D-E-O-L-O-G-Y

16. JUMBLE WORDS
•LIERALISMB
•MONSRVCATISME
•MMUCONISM
•SCISAMF
•CISOALISM

17. Political
Ideology
Definition and Perspectives on the State
Anarchism
-Sarvodaya Shramada
Movement 1958
- Sri Lanka
Freetown Christiana
-Copenhagen,
Denmark
 Skeptical of authority and rejects all
involuntary coercive forms of hierarchy
rejection of the government.
 To anarchists, government is evil,
oppressive
 Endorses direct democracy and call for
continuous popular participation and
radical decentralization.

18. Political
Ideology
Definition and Perspectives on the State
Anarchism Electoral or representative democracy
is merely a façade that attempts to
conceal elite domination and reconcile
the masses to their oppression
advocate the establishment of self
governed communities through
cooperative effort and mutual respect.

19. Political
Ideology
Definition and Perspectives on the State
Conservatism  Conservatism is the belief that traditional
institutions work best and that society should
avoid radical change.
 Conservatives seek to preserve traditions to
maintain stability and continuity.
 Oppose modernism
 Links the state to the need to provide authority
and discipline and to protect society from chaos
and disorder.
 Traditional preference for a strong state.

20. Political Ideology Definition and Perspectives on the State
Conservatism  Tradition
 Human Imperfection
 Organic society
 Hierarchy
 Authority
 Property rights
 Discipline

21. Political Ideology Definition and Perspectives on the State
Liberalism  Liberalism is the belief in the importance
of liberty and equality.
 Most liberals support such fundamental
ideas as constitutions, liberal democracy,
free and fair elections, human rights, free
trade, secularism, and the market
economy.
 Modern liberals recognize the state’s
positive role in widening freedom and
promoting equal opportunities

22. Political Ideology Definition and Perspectives on the State
Liberalism
- John Locke
Seeks to establish a society that
provides opportunities for growth
to all individuals.
Equal access to health care,
education and social security.
Upholds human rights and
freedoms

24. Political Ideology Definition and Perspectives on the State
Socialism and
Communism
• Karl Marx
• “Whoever owns the production is
getting more out of the worker
than they’re putting in “
• This creates an inherent inequality
• Bourgeoisie VS. Proletariat

25. Political Ideology Definition and Perspectives on the State
Socialism and
Communism
• Society must shift to a model where
the proletariat hold this power
instead through collectively
controlling the means of production.
• That is where communism and
socialism came into the picture.
• Socialism is a precursor to
communism and the next logical step
after capitalism.

26. Political Ideology Definition and Perspectives on the State
Socialism  The society should collectively own
the means of production.
 Public ownership(everyone owns the
means of production)
 Centralized economy (the
government plans the economy)

27. Political Ideology Definition and Perspectives on the State
Socialism  Economic equality
 The government ensures that all
citizens have free access to goods
and services
 Doesn’t believe in social classes
and worker exploitation.

28. Political Ideology Definition and Perspectives on the State
Socialism
-Social Democracy
- Sweden, Denmark,
Norway ,Switzerland
 Improving quality of life through
equal rights and opportunities
provided by a state-run welfare
system and on top of a capitalist
economy.

29. Political Ideology Definition and Perspectives on the State
Communism  Is a socialist ideology that believes that
inequality is a result of capitalism and
existence of class a system.

30. Political Ideology Definition and Perspectives on the State
Socialism
Marxism-Leninism
 Prioritizes the perfection of its
dictatorship government
 Any benefit to the government is
benefit for the people
 “good of the state”
- Cuba, Soviet Union, China

34. Political Ideology Definition and Perspectives on the State
Fascism
Italy, Germany Japan
 Based on fierce nationalism and
authoritarianism.
 Advocates central government
 When the society is in danger from
various threats (invasion, war,
rebellion) a strong government with
unlimited power is needed to address
the threats.
 The interest of the state is more
important than individual liberties.

35. Political Ideology Definition and Perspectives on the State
Fascism
Italy, Germany Japan
 Born out of the idea that rational
democracies would lead to severe crisis
and weakness.
 It promise to create the rebirth of a
new stronger, and greater society,
stripped all weaknesses
 Totalitarianism

36. Political Ideology Definition and Perspectives on the State
Fascism
Italy, Germany Japan  Follow strict doctrine:
 It attempts to unify country under a
single genetic banner. Nationalism
includes the concept of “racial” or
cultural purity.
 Total control of society and people by
the state called Totalitarianism. People
must believe in a single party ruling
elite, a dictator.

37. Political Ideology Definition and Perspectives on the State
Fascism
Italy, Germany Japan
• Intensely supportive of violence to
achieve political means.

38. COLLABORATIVE ACTIVITY
•Pick-tell
•Jumbled pictures will be available at the teacher’s
table and each group will select a representative to
pick one and give them time to collaborate their
ideas in relation to ideologies and political
ideologies.

39. ANARCHISM

40. FASCISM

41. SOCIALISM
Public ownership

42. CONSERVATISM

43. ROLE PLAYING
Direction:
The class will divide into five groups. Each
group will present a role paly about the
different political ideologies.

44. WHICH TYPE OF IDEOLOGIES IS BEING
DESCRIBED?
Fascism
Communism
Socialism
Conservatism
Liberalism

45. APPLICATIONS
•Section 18. The President shall be the
Commander-in-Chief of all armed forces of
the Philippines and whenever it becomes
necessary, he may call out such armed
forces to prevent or suppress lawless
violence, invasion or rebellion.

46. Article III (Bill of Rights)
•No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or
property without due process of law, nor shall
any person be denied the equal protection of
the laws. To be considered as "illegal", such
discrimination must however be in violation
of a specific law.

47. Article XIII (Social Justice and Human Rights)
•Everyone has the right to freedom of
thought, conscience and religion; this right
includes freedom to change his religion or
belief, and freedom, either alone or in
community with others and in public or
private, to manifest his religion or belief in
teaching, practice, worship and observance.

48. Article XV (The Family)
•The State recognizes the Filipino family
as the foundation of the nation.
Accordingly, it shall strengthen its
solidarity and actively promote its total
development.

49. GENERALIZATION
Complete the exit ticket:
1. Today I have learned that__________.
2. The topic that is NOT clear to me is /are?________________.

50. 3-2-1 ACTIVITY
Writing activity where students write:
3 key terms from what they have learned__________
2 ideas they would like to learn more about__________
1 concept or skill they think they have
mastered_________

51. Differentiate the political ideologies
“Compare and Contrast”
Direction: Copy the table and generate a list of differences and
similarities of each political ideologies.
Political Ideologies Similarities Differences